An unusual case of loperamide anaphylaxis Publication date: Available online 26 October 2019 Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Author(s): Adrian Y.S. Lee, Anthony J.F. Smith, Matthew Krummenacher, Tiffany L. Hughes

Asthma Biologics: Comparing Trial Designs, Patient Cohorts and Study Results Publication date: Available online 23 October 2019 Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Author(s): Ali Doroudchi, Mohini Pathria, Brian D. Modena Objective Five biologic therapies have FDA-approved indications for difficult-to-control asthma. The clinical trials that proved the efficacy and safety of these biologics were often similar in their inclusion criteria, study designs, and endpoints. Many of these trials have been re-analyzed post-hoc to identify subsets of subjects considered to be enhanced responders. As a result, it has become increasingly difficult to keep up with the literature and decide on the most appropriate biologic for our patients. This review summarizes and compares trial designs, patient cohorts and study results of the major trials involving these therapies. Data Sources Included are basic science articles, online FDA applications, and all the published reports of phase II and phase III clinical trials for FDA-approved asthma biologics. Study Selections Included are the major phase II and phase III clinical trials of 5 asthma biologics. Results Due to variations in inclusion criteria and natural variations in enrolled cohorts, the baseline clinical traits and severity of study populations in asthma biologic trials differed significantly, which is important since baseline annualized exacerbation rates and blood eosinophilia are both strong predictors of a biologic’s success. Notwithstanding, the trial results, when considered together, can help guide care providers in choosing the most appropriate biologic for our patients. Conclusion Understanding the details and differences in asthma biologic trial designs, patient cohorts, and in study results will help care providers make more informed decisions when choosing a biologic. We are hopeful this review will serve as reference to care providers for this purpose.

Intramuscular testosterone in arachis oil is safe for boys with peanut allergy requiring pubertal induction Publication date: Available online 22 October 2019 Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Author(s): Susan Harvey, Susan M. O’Connell, Jonathan O’B Hourihane

Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphism and susceptibility to Asthma: meta-analysis based on 17 case–control studies Publication date: Available online 22 October 2019 Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Author(s): Masoud Hassanzadeh Makoui, Danial Imani, Morteza Motallebnezhad, Maryam Azimi, Bahman Razi Background During the last decade, several studies have evaluated the potential association between vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphism and susceptibility to asthma. In spite of valuable finding, the results are still contradictory. Therefore, a comprehensive meta-analysis not only solves discrepancies but provides a clue for future projects. Objective This meta-analysis was performed to identify whether VDR gene polymorphisms (FokI (rs2228570) or / and TaqI (rs731236) or / and BsmI (rs1544410) or / and ApaI (rs7975232)) play role in the risk of asthma. Methods The electronic search of web of science, Scopus, and PubMed databases were systematically conducted from their inception until Jun 2019, to identify all published studies. Eligibility of studies was confirmed by precise inclusion and exclusion criteria and the resultant studies were analyzed. Results A total of 17 studies concerning to VDR gene polymorphisms and asthma risk were included in this meta-analysis. The results of pooled analysis revealed a statistical significant association between FokI SNP [dominant model (OR= 0.78, 95% CI, 0.62-0.98, random effect model) and allelic model (OR= 0.81, 95% CI, 0.67-0.98, random effect model)] and TaqI SNP [homozygote contract model (OR= 0.70, 95% CI, 0.54 - 0.89)] with asthma risk. Moreover, subgroup analysis showed that ethnicity influences asthma risk in Asian, African and American populations. The sensitivity analyses confirmed the stability of the results. Conclusion This meta-analysis suggests that VDR gene polymorphism is associated with the risk of asthma.

The relationship between latitude and allergic gastroenteritis hospital admissions in New Zealand infants Publication date: Available online 15 October 2019 Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Author(s): Raymond James Mullins, Dianne E. Campbell, Elizabeth H. Barnes, Carlos A. Camargo

From the Pages of Allergy Watch: January 2020 Publication date: Available online 15 October 2019 Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Author(s): Gerald B. Lee, Vivian Hernandez-Trujillo, Stanley M. Fineman

Benralizumab Efficacy for Patients with Fixed Airflow Obstruction and Severe, Uncontrolled Eosinophilic Asthma Publication date: Available online 15 October 2019 Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Author(s): Bradley E. Chipps, Ian Hirsch, Frank Trudo, Marianna Alacqua, James G. Zangrilli

Increased cardiovascular and atherosclerosis markers in blood of older atopic dermatitis patients Publication date: Available online 14 October 2019 Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Author(s): Helen He, Randall Li, Seulah Choi, Lisa Zhou, Ana Pavel, Yeriel D. Estrada, James G. Krueger, Emma Guttman-Yassky Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is associated with increased systemic inflammation and cardiovascular risk. While previous studies showed increased inflammatory proteins in the blood of AD patients, detailed comparison among AD patients of different ages is unavailable. Objective To characterize the blood proteomic signature of AD patients as a function of age. Methods We used the OLINK high-throughput proteomic assay to measure serum inflammatory and cardiovascular risk proteins in 71 moderate-to-severe AD patients from three agegroups (18-40 [n=26], 41-60 [n=24], >60 [n=21]), compared to 37 age-matched controls. Total and allergen-specific serum IgEs were also measured. Results When we compared AD patients from three different age-groups with their respective controls, we identified a total of 172 differentially expressed proteins. Th2 chemokines (CCL13, CCL17) were consistently elevated in AD patients across all ages (P<0.05), while Th1 (CXCL10) and Th17 (KYNU, CCL20) markers incrementally increased with age in both AD and healthy subjects. Elderly AD patients (age>60) exhibited striking upregulation of key pro-inflammatory proteins, including markers of atherosclerosis (CCL4, CCL7, SORT1), cardiovascular risk (GDF15, MPO, ST2), cell adhesion (CDH3), and apoptosis (FAS; all P<0.05), compared to younger AD patients and agematched controls. We also found that total and allergen-specific serum IgEs declined significantly with age in AD patients (P<0.05). Conclusion Elderly AD patients had increased levels of systemic inflammatory markers, including those associated with cardiovascular and atherosclerosis risk, which may explain their increased incidence of cardiovascular disease. This suggests that older AD patients may benefit from cardiovascular disease screening and prevention.

The Role of Filaggrin in Atopic Dermatitis and Allergic Disease Publication date: Available online 14 October 2019 Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Author(s): Catherine Drislane, Alan D. Irvine

New treatments for atopic dermatitis targeting beyond IL-4/IL-13 cytokines Publication date: Available online 14 October 2019 Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Author(s): Yael Renert-Yuval, Emma Guttman-Yassky