Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports, Volume 8, Issue , January-December 2020. A pancreaticopleural fistula (PPF) is a rare complication of chronic pancreatitis that occurs either due to a pancreatic duct disruption or a pseudocyst extension. A pancreatic divisum, on the other hand, is a common anatomic variant of the pancreas that is rarely symptomatic. We describe a case of recurrent pleural effusion in a patient with a history of chronic pancreatitis. Investigations revealed...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 14:11
Abstract We developed the Genome Atlas of Breast Cancer (GABC), a global map of non‐coding events in the human genome associated with breast cancer that provides a valuable reference resource for users to investigate the underlying genome abnormalities in breast cancer patients. Although significant progress has been made in breast cancer treatment, its morbidity and recurrence rates in women are still high worldwide. Curation and integration of breast cancer‐related dysregulations from multiple...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 15:57
Abstract Even 30 years after the accident, an association between breast cancer incidence and ionizing radiation exposure from Chernobyl fallout remains uncertain. We studied breast cancer incidence in the most contaminated regions of Belarus (Gomel and Mogilev) and Ukraine (Kyiv, Zhytomyr and Chernihiv) before (1978‐1986) and after (1987‐2016) the accident. Breast cancer cases and female population size data were received from the national cancer registries and the state departments of statistics....
Fri Oct 16, 2020 15:57
Abstract Purpose Insulinomas are pancreatic endocrine tumors characterized by hypoglycemia resulting from hypersecretion of insulin. The long-term impact of surgical treatment of insulinomas, particularly the risk of glucose metabolism disorders, remains largely unknown. Methods We retrospectively evaluated all patients with insulinoma submitted to...
Sat Oct 17, 2020 03:00
Abstract Backgrounds Sex differences in depressive disorder (DD) and subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) have been well recognized. However, few studies focus on the sex differences in DD patients with SCH. The purpose of this study is to address the sex differences in DD inpatients with SCH and further investigate the clinical characteristics and associations between DD and SCH among female and male depressed inpatients. ...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 03:00
Technology in Cancer Research &Treatment, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2020. Objective:To explore the effect and the related mechanism of STAT3 inhibitor AG-490 on inhibiting the proliferation of prostate cancer cells.Methods:PC3 cells and DU145 cells were cultured stably and treated with AG-490 to detect the changes in the activity of PC3 cells and DU145 cells. Thirty 6-8 weeks male BALB/c nude mouse were randomly divided into a control group, a DMSO group, and an AG-490 group to detect...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 12:28
Journal of International Medical Research, Volume 48, Issue 10, October 2020. ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness and safety of allogeneic tendons for functional reconstruction of severe hand injuries.MethodsFrom August 2007 to July 2014, we performed functional reconstruction with tendon allografts for severe hand injuries affecting two or more tendons. At the final follow-up, we assessed total active motion (TAM); pincer pinch strength; grip strength; Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 09:23
Journal of International Medical Research, Volume 48, Issue 10, October 2020. Traumatic injury to the main pancreatic duct requires surgical treatment, but optimal management strategies have not been established. In patients with isolated pancreatic injury, the pancreatic parenchyma must be preserved to maintain long-term quality of life. We herein report a case of traumatic pancreatic injury with main pancreatic duct injury in the head of the pancreas. Two years later, the patient underwent a side-to-side...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 09:22
Journal of International Medical Research, Volume 48, Issue 10, October 2020. ObjectiveThis study was performed to compare the outcomes of laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) after failed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) versus primary LCBDE for managing cholecystocholedocholithiasis.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed data from 59 patients who underwent LCBDE during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) for managing cholecystocholedocholithiasis from January 2013 to...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 09:20
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have reshaped the standard of care in oncology. However, they have been associated with potentially life-threatening immune-related adverse events. With the growing indications of ...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 03:00
Despite advances in the management of bloodstream infections (BSI) caused by Candida spp., the mortality still remains high in critically ill patients. The worldwide epidemiology of yeast-related BSI is subject t...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 03:00
The average length of stay (LOS) in the intensive care unit (ICU_ALOS) is a helpful parameter summarizing critical bed occupancy. During the outbreak of a novel virus, estimating early a reliable ICU_ALOS esti...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 03:00
Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals, Volume 35, Issue 8, Page 628-628, October 2020.
Tue Oct 13, 2020 10:00
Objective: Patients with vestibular schwannoma who harbor a genetic predisposition for venous thromboembolism require special consideration when determining optimal therapeutic management. The primary objective of the current study was to provide recommendations on treatment of hypercoagulable patients with vestibular schwannoma through a case series and review of the literature. Patients: Two patients who underwent resection of vestibular schwannomas. Intervention(s): Surgical...
Thu Oct 15, 2020 03:00
Objective: Determine if vestibular schwannoma (VS) shape and MRI texture features predict significant enlargement after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Study Design: Retrospective case review. Setting: Tertiary referral center. Patients: Fifty-three patients were selected who underwent SRS and had a contrast-enhanced T1 sequence planning MRI scan and a follow-up contrast enhanced T1 MRI available for review. Median follow-up of 6.5 months (interquartile range/IQR,...
Thu Oct 15, 2020 03:00
Objective: Concomitant otosclerosis (OTS) and superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD) is a rare, but difficult-to-identify and treat diagnosis. A systematic review of the literature was performed to analyze the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches of concurrent OTS and SSCD cases and to identify possible factors that may help in predicting the surgical outcome. Data Sources: PubMed, Scopus, Medscape, Ovid databases. Study Selection: Studies showing diagnosis of OTS documented...
Thu Oct 15, 2020 03:00
Surgical Infections, Ahead of Print.
Fri Oct 16, 2020 10:00
J Neurol Surg B Skull BaseDOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1716689 Objectives Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks are a possible complication in patients with skull base fractures (SBFs). The widely cited incidence of CSF leaks is 10 to 30% in SBF patients; however, this estimate is based only on a few outdated studies. A recent report found CSF leaks in <2% SBF patients, suggesting the incidence may be lower now. To investigate this, we report here our institutional series. Design This study...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 02:00
131I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine (131I-MIBG) radiotherapy has shown some survival benefits in metastatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) clinical guidelines for 131I-MIBG radiotherapy suggest a repeated treatment protocol, although none currently exists. The existing single-high-dose 131I-MIBG radiotherapy (444 MBq/kg) has been shown to have some benefits for patients with metastatic NETs. However, this protocol increases adverse effects and it requires...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 22:45
This first-in-human study investigated the safety, biodistribution and radiation dosimetry of the novel 18F-labeled radiohybrid prostate-specific membrane antigen (rhPSMA) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agent, 18F-rhPSMA-7.3. Methods: Six healthy volunteer subjects (3 males, 3 females) underwent multiple whole-body PET acquisitions at scheduled time points up to 248 minutes after the administration of 18F-rhPSMA-7.3 (mean activity 220; range, 210–228 MBq). PET scans were conducted...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 22:45
Radionuclide therapy targeting prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a promising treatment for prostate cancer. We reported a ligand featuring two lysine-ureido-glutamate groups, 64Cu-CuSarbisPSMA previously. Here, we report the therapeutic potential of 67Cu-CuSarbisPSMA. Methods: Growth of PSMA-positive xenografts was evaluated following treatment with 67Cu-CuSarbisPSMA or 177Lu-LuPSMA I&T. Results: At 13 days post-injection, tumor growth was similarly inhibited by the two tracers...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 22:45
Accurate grading of patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) is essential for risk stratification and optimal choice of therapy. Currently, grading is based on histologically assessed degree of tumor proliferation. The aim of the present study was to assess the long-term prognostic value of 18F-FDG-PET imaging for risk stratification of NENs and compare it with tumor grading (World Health Organization (WHO) 2010 classification). Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study evaluating the...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 22:45
Quantitative analysis has been applied extensively to image processing and interpretation in nuclear cardiology in order to improve disease diagnosis and risk stratification. This is Part 2 of a two-part continuing medical education article, which will review the potential clinical role for emerging quantitative analysis tools. The article will describe advanced methods for quantifying dyssynchrony, ventricular function and perfusion, and hybrid imaging analysis. This article discusses evolving methods...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 22:45
Genomic selection (GS) is a breeding approach which exploits genome-wide information and whose unprecedented success has shaped several animal and plant breeding schemes through delivering their genetic progress. This is the first study assessing the potential of GS in apricot (Prunus armeniaca) to enhance postharvest fruit quality attributes. Genomic predictions were based on a F1 pseudo-testcross population, comprising 153 individuals with contrasting fruit quality traits. They were phenotyped...
Sat Oct 17, 2020 01:01
Chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) following hematopoietic cell transplantation is associated with reduced relapse incidence in patients with leukemias. This impact has been investigated in myelodysplastic syndrome, showing a beneficial impact of limited chronic GVHD on transplant outcomes in a cohort of more than 3,000 patients.
Fri Oct 16, 2020 16:20
Purpose:We evaluated the predictive value of pretreatment ctDNA to inform therapeutic outcomes in patients with metastatic melanoma relative to type and line of treatment.Experimental Design:Plasma circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) was quantified in 125 samples collected from 110 patients prior to commencing treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), as first- (n = 32) or second-line (n = 27) regimens, or prior to commencing first-line BRAF/MEK inhibitor therapy (n = 66). An external validation...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 10:05
A 70-year-old man with prostate adenocarcinoma was diagnosed by transrectal biopsy, with Gleason of 4 + 5 and initial PSA of 225 ng/mL since March 2020. 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT was performed as part of initial staging. The images showed an enlarged prostate with focal PSMA uptake in both lobes. Retroperitoneal and pelvic lymph nodes with moderate uptake of PSMA were shown. Another finding was a moderate PSMA uptake in the both lung parenchymas associated with opacities in CT. The patient denied any symptoms...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 03:00
The thyroid gland is an uncommon location for metastasis. We report a 59-year-old woman with a history of cutaneous malignant melanoma. A unique hypermetabolic mass on the left thyroid lobe was identified by control 18F-FDG PET/CT scan, leading to dysphagia and stridor clinic. Total thyroidectomy and lymphadenectomy were performed with histopathological results concordant with metastasis from melanoma. Despite its rarity, finding focal thyroid lesions in patients with an oncological history should...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 03:00
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by poor prognosis and limited response to standard treatments. Although 18F-FDG PET/CT is frequently used in staging and restaging, in some cases, it may be insufficient considering tumor heterogeneity. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) has been reported to be overexpressed in many types of cancer due to tumor-associated neovascularization. 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT can be used to demonstrate radionuclide therapy option as well as detection...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 03:00
Balint syndrome is a rare neurological disorder characterized by simultanagnosia, optic ataxia, and ocular apraxia, and its etiology can be very heterogeneous. Diagnosis is based on neuropsychological evaluation, but brain radiological and nuclear medicine imaging also plays an important role. Because few case reports have been published in literature, in this work, we present 2 patients affected by Balint syndrome in which 18F-FDG PET/CT helped in the diagnosis and follow-up. Received for publication...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 03:00
No abstract available
Fri Oct 16, 2020 03:00
Purpose/Background The specific identification of residual/recurrent juvenile nasal angiofibroma (JNA) following surgical treatment remains difficult. Contrast MRI and CT may not enable the differentiation of tumor from postsurgical reparative tissue. Functional imaging with prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT targeting tumor-associated neovasculature has recently demonstrated universal positive uptake in primary JNA and offers promise of greater accuracy in the detection or exclusion...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 03:00
Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis is a convenient alternate form of treatment in patients receiving hemodialysis for renal failure. Sometimes during the procedure, patients may develop scrotal swelling because of patent processus vaginalis. The diagnostic utility of the peritoneal scintigraphy, an infrequently performed nuclear medicine scan to identify peritoneoscrotal communication, has been reported by many authors. Most of the previous case reports in the literature demonstrated unilateral...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 03:00
18F-FDG PET/CT is now an integral part of management of high-grade B-cell lymphoma. It is used for staging, response evaluation, restaging, and surveillance. Although high-grade B-cell lymphoma most commonly presents with involvement of the lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and bone marrow, chest wall involvement is very rare. We present the staging 18F-FDG PET/CT findings in a case of an 82-year-old woman with double expressor high-grade B-cell lymphoma of isolated presternal anterior chest wall mass....
Fri Oct 16, 2020 03:00
A 54-year-old woman with smoking history who was diagnosed with invasive adenocarcinoma of the rectosigmoid colon with subsequent surgical resection and chemotherapy was presented. The patient developed local recurrence and pulmonary metastases that required further chemotherapy and surgical resection. During follow-up, the patient had 18F-FDG PET/CT scan showing asymmetric hypermetabolic tonsils with activity greater on the right compared with the left. The patient underwent bilateral tonsillectomy,...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 03:00
A 25-year-old man presented with headache and intracranial pressure symptoms. On MRI, an intracranial lesion was detected in the right thalamus with exophytic growth into the third ventricle and inhomogeneous contrast enhancement without necrosis. Dual amino acid (18F-FET) and TSPO (18F-GE-180) PET imaging showed high tumor-to-background ratios in both scans and a short time-to-peak in 18F-FET uptake dynamics. Biopsy revealed a diffuse midline glioma, H3K27M-mutant (WHO grade IV), a novel entity...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 03:00
A 58-year-old man with history of resected rectal adenocarcinoma and synchronous unifocal pulmonary metastasis showed a solitary pulmonary relapse in follow-up CT after 3 years of complete remission. Resection was planned. Preoperative 18F-FDG PET/CT detected a high focal 18F-FDG uptake in the left main bronchus. Bronchoscopy showed a papillary endobronchial lesion that was biopsied. Histology confirmed distant colorectal metastasis. The initial treatment plan changed, and the recommendation for...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 03:00
A 62-year-old man with prostate cancer underwent both 18F-PSMA-1007 and 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT studies for biochemical recurrence. 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT outperformed 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT in detecting lymph node metastases in the pelvis and retroperitoneum, whereas the former showed a focus of increased uptake in the spleen not seen on 18F-fluorocholine. The 18F-PSMA-1007 –avid lesion corresponded to a splenic hemangioma, which was initially detected in an MRI scan 10 years ago, unchanged in...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 03:00
Exp Clin Endocrinol DiabetesDOI: 10.1055/a-1257-0774 Objective Glypican4 is an interesting new adipokine, which seems to play an important role in developmental processes and is potentially associated with metabolic changes in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Currently, only a few studies examined glypican4 in human blood, mainly in adults. Design, Patients and Measurements...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 02:00
Radiotherapy hasbeenused to treat cancer for a long time, and approximately 50% of cancer patients are undergoing radical high-dose radiation therapy to achieve a cure [1]. Usually, a radiation dose of approximately1.8–3 Gy is administered over approximately 1 month, which is a total ofapproximately 60 Gy,to eradicatecancer [2,3]. However, radiotherapy often cannot cure patients.It is known that 50% or moreof cancers survive even after high doses of radiation (≥10 times than the lethal dose in an...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 03:00
Intraprostatic local failure following primary external beam radiation therapy (RT) for prostate cancer remains a challenging clinical scenario. While multiple local therapy options have been proposed, no treatment has emerged as standard owing largely to concerns regarding increased toxicity and poor outcomes [1–5]. As a result, many are unfortunately relegated to life-long androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), which is exclusively palliative in nature and itself bears substantial morbidity [6–8].
Fri Oct 16, 2020 03:00
Advances in radiotherapy planning and treatment have allowed for higher doses to be delivered to the prostate without leading to worse treatment safety or tolerability [1].
Fri Oct 16, 2020 03:00
Childhood cancer survivors have long life expectancies and are at risk for developing treatment-related late effects in the decades after diagnosis [1]. Cardiac disease is among the most common cause of severe or disabling chronic conditions and non-cancer death in long term survivors of childhood cancer [2, 3]. Despite advances in the treatment of childhood cancer over the past several decades, the overall rate of late cardiovascular disease has not declined during this time for children diagnosed...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 03:00
The recent technological developments in Radiotherapy (RT) led to the introduction of Magnetic Resonance guided radiotherapy (MRgRT) systems in clinical practice, able to combine the dose delivery efficacy of a linear accelerator (Linac) with the imaging quality offered by an on-board MR scanner, thus providing a new therapeutic solution in the clinical management of several tumours [1–6].
Fri Oct 16, 2020 03:00
Objective: Patients with vestibular schwannoma who harbor a genetic predisposition for venous thromboembolism require special consideration when determining optimal therapeutic management. The primary objective of the current study was to provide recommendations on treatment of hypercoagulable patients with vestibular schwannoma through a case series and review of the literature. Patients: Two patients who underwent resection of vestibular schwannomas. Intervention(s): Surgical resection...
Thu Oct 15, 2020 03:00
Objective: Determine if vestibular schwannoma (VS) shape and MRI texture features predict significant enlargement after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Study Design: Retrospective case review. Setting: Tertiary referral center. Patients: Fifty-three patients were selected who underwent SRS and had a contrast-enhanced T1 sequence planning MRI scan and a follow-up contrast enhanced T1 MRI available for review. Median follow-up of 6.5 months (interquartile range/IQR, 5.9–7.4). Median...
Thu Oct 15, 2020 03:00
Objective: Concomitant otosclerosis (OTS) and superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD) is a rare, but difficult-to-identify and treat diagnosis. A systematic review of the literature was performed to analyze the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches of concurrent OTS and SSCD cases and to identify possible factors that may help in predicting the surgical outcome. Data Sources: PubMed, Scopus, Medscape, Ovid databases. Study Selection: Studies showing diagnosis of OTS documented...
Thu Oct 15, 2020 03:00
A dearth of women leaders in the field of radiology and affiliated industries persists despite a recognition of the importance, value, and impact that would derive from its rectification. A targeted educational collaboration, described herein, was established between academia and industry to address this deficit and to facilitate the placement of highly qualified women into leadership positions. The actionable platform offered has the potential to narrow the gap for underrepresented groups in professional...
Wed Oct 14, 2020 03:00
Rejuvenation Research, Volume 23, Issue 5, Page 434-438, October 2020.
Thu Oct 15, 2020 10:00
Rejuvenation Research, Volume 23, Issue 5, Page 439-445, October 2020.
Thu Oct 15, 2020 10:00
Rejuvenation Research, Volume 23, Issue 5, Page 446-450, October 2020.
Thu Oct 15, 2020 10:00
Rejuvenation Research, Volume 23, Issue 5, Page 365-366, October 2020.
Thu Oct 15, 2020 10:00
The dominant thinking in evolution focuses on inheritance between parent and offspring - or 'vertical gene transfer (VGT)'. But now scientists are paying more attention to 'horizontal gene transfer (HGT)': the transmission of DNA other than from parent to offspring, as this transfer can tell us about the evolution of a number of other organisms such as bacteria. It can also help us to better understand antibiotic resistance.
Wed Oct 14, 2020 18:46
Abstract The ACE2 receptor, the binding sites for the Covid19, is expressed abundantly in the oral cavity, raising the question whether the mouth is a target for the virus in addition to organs such as kidneys and lungs. Recently, a flurry of individual case reports on oral manifestation of Covid 19 including, ulceration, blistering lesions and stomatitis were published. However, it is not clear whether the oral presentations that are not unique to the virus are indeed related to the virus and...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 22:31
Abstract Background Clinical diagnosis and monitoring are crucial to reduce the mortality from oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). It has been demonstrated that synuclein‐γ (SNCG) and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCAg) are highly expressed in patients with OSCC and perhaps participate in OSCC progression. This study analyzed the levels of serum SNCG and SCCAg in OSCC, OPMD and control patients, and evaluated the diagnostic and clinical value...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 19:56
Abstract Similar to other immune-mediated diseases, IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is the disease that develops in genetically susceptible individuals exposed to external or endogenous antigens. In the present study, it was confirmed that MAG (myelin-associated glycoprotein) antibodies (IgG, IgG4, and IgM) were detected by immunofluorescence (IFA) in serum of the patients with IgG4-RD. In vivo, the levels of prolactin and Th2 cytokines...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 03:00
Abstract Analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) has emerged as a robust and reliable technique for biomolecular characterization with extraordinary sensitivity. AUC is widely used to study purity, conformational changes, biomolecular interactions, and stoichiometry. Furthermore, AUC is used to determine the molecular weight of biomolecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, and DNA and RNA. Due to the multifaceted role(s) of non-coding RNAs from viruses, prokaryotes, and eukaryotes,...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 03:00
Publication date: Available online 16 October 2020Source: Academic RadiologyAuthor(s): Alexander L. Lindqwister, Saeed Hassanpour, Petra J. Lewis, Jessica M. Sin
Fri Oct 16, 2020 20:25
Publication date: Available online 16 October 2020Source: Journal of the American College of SurgeonsAuthor(s): Julia R. Coleman, Jad M. Abdelsattar, Roan J. Glocker, Heather Carmichael, Navin G. Vigneshwar, Randi Ryan, Qiong Qiu, Apoorve Nayyar, Michael R. Visenio, Cheyenne C. Sonntag, Pranit Chotai, Vahagn C. Nikolian, Joana Ochoa, Patricia Turner
Fri Oct 16, 2020 20:21
Publication date: Available online 16 October 2020Source: Journal of the American College of SurgeonsAuthor(s): Chelsea P. Fischer, Leandra Knapp, Mark E. Cohen, Clifford Y. Ko, Caroline E. Reinke, Elizabeth C. Wick
Fri Oct 16, 2020 20:21
Publication date: Available online 16 October 2020Source: Journal of the American College of SurgeonsAuthor(s): Katelyn A. Young, Samantha M. Lee, Matthew D. Adams, Christie L. Buonpane, Sarah A. Hayek, Mohsen M. Shabahang, David Rogers
Fri Oct 16, 2020 20:21
Prunus persica 9, a new occupational allergen from peach tree pollen involved in rhinitis and asthma
ObjectivesSeveral studies have described peach tree (PT) as an occupational allergen. The aim of this work was to assess the effect of Prunus persica 9 (Pru p 9), a recently identified allergen from PT pollen, in exposed workers.MethodsThe study included people who reported respiratory symptoms after handling PT in orchards during the flowering period (Blanca village, Murcia region, south-east Spain). After completing a detailed questionnaire, participants underwent skin prick test (SPT) and nasal...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 19:00
Abstract Purpose Angiopoietin-like 8 (ANGPTL8) is a liver- and adipose tissue-produced protein that predicts non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and altered metabolic homeostasis in the general population as well as in persons with common and genetic obesity, including the Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS). However, its metabolic correlate in paediatric patients with respect to PWS is unknown. ...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 03:00
Publication date: February 2021Source: Current Opinion in Neurobiology, Volume 66Author(s): Lorenzo Gesuita, Theofanis Karayannis
Fri Oct 16, 2020 19:42
Publication date: Available online 16 October 2020Source: Computer Speech & LanguageAuthor(s): Sandeep Nallan Chakravarthula, Brian R.W. Baucom, Shrikanth Narayanan, Panayiotis Georgiou
Fri Oct 16, 2020 19:30
Publication date: November 2020Source: Neoplasia, Volume 22, Issue 11Author(s): C. Elizabeth Caldon
Fri Oct 16, 2020 18:13
Publication date: November 2020Source: Neoplasia, Volume 22, Issue 11Author(s): Alison E. Meyer, Quinlan Furumo, Cary Stelloh, Alex C. Minella, Sridhar Rao
Fri Oct 16, 2020 18:13
Publication date: Available online 16 October 2020Source: Revista Española de Medicina Nuclear e Imagen MolecularAuthor(s): L. Reguera Berenguer, R. Pérez Pascual, J.F. García García, J. de Santiago García, R. Márquez Vázquez, J.C. Alonso Farto
Fri Oct 16, 2020 18:09
Publication date: December 2020Source: Journal of Human Evolution, Volume 149Author(s): Russell Hogg, Rodrigo Lacruz, Timothy G. Bromage, M. Christopher Dean, Fernando Ramirez-Rozzi, Senthil Balaji Girimurugan, Amanda McGrosky, Gary T. Schwartz
Fri Oct 16, 2020 18:03
Publication date: Available online 16 October 2020Source: Journal of Human EvolutionAuthor(s): Francesco Berna, Elisabetta Boaretto, Matthea C. Wiebe, Mae Goder-Goldberger, Talia Abulafia, Ron Lavi, Omry Barzilai, Ofer Marder, Stephen Weiner
Fri Oct 16, 2020 18:03
Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) contribute to 90% of injuries occurring in the world. The liver is one of the commonest organs injured in abdominal trauma. This study aims to highlight the demographic...
Thu Oct 15, 2020 03:00
Publication date: Available online 15 October 2020Source: BrachytherapyAuthor(s): Eric D. Donnelly
Fri Oct 16, 2020 17:58
Publication date: Available online 15 October 2020Source: BrachytherapyAuthor(s): Luke Eason, Josh Mason, Rachel Cooper, Ganesh Radhakrishna, Peter Bownes
Fri Oct 16, 2020 17:58
Abstract Purpose Atherosclerotic plaque development and progression signifies a complex inflammatory disease mediated by a multitude of proinflammatory leukocyte subsets. Using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) coupled with computed tomography (CT), this study tested a new dual-isotope acquisition protocol to assess each radiotracer’s capability to identify plaque phenotype and inflammation levels pertaining to...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 17:52
The authors regret to inform readers that the following error was detected in the original article. The values for entorhinal, limbic and neortical SUVr were switched between SCD Aβ + and Aβ- in Table 1 and have now been corrected. Unnecessary symbols in Table 2 have been removed.
Fri Oct 16, 2020 17:52
Fri Oct 16, 2020 17:52
Abstract Purpose Differentiation among parkinsonian syndromes may be clinically challenging, especially at early disease stages. In this study, we used 18F-FDG-PET brain imaging combined with an automated image classification algorithm to classify parkinsonian patients as Parkinson’s disease (PD) or as an atypical parkinsonian syndrome (APS) at the time when the clinical diagnosis was still uncertain. In addition to validating...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 17:52
Abstract Purpose Second-generation tau radiotracers for use with positron emission tomography (PET) have been developed for visualization of tau deposits in vivo. For several β-amyloid and first-generation tau-PET radiotracers, it has been shown that early-phase images can be used as a surrogate of neuronal injury. Therefore, we investigated the performance of early acquisitions of the novel tau-PET radiotracer [18F]PI-2620 as...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 17:52
Staufen1 (STAU1) is an RNA-binding protein (RBP) that interacts with double-stranded RNA structures and has been implicated in regulating different aspects of mRNA metabolism. Previous studies have indicated that STAU1 interacts extensively with RNA structures in coding regions (CDSs) and 3'-untranslated regions (3'UTRs). In particular, duplex structures formed within 3'UTRs by inverted-repeat Alu elements (IRAlus) interact with STAU1 through its double-stranded RNA-binding domains (dsRBDs). Using...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 16:30
Programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) protein is a tumor suppressor that inhibits translation through the mTOR-dependent initiation factor EIF4A, but its functional role and mRNA targets in neurons remain largely unknown. Our work identified that PDCD4 is highly expressed in axons and dendrites of CNS and PNS neurons. Using loss- and gain-of-function experiments in cortical and dorsal root ganglia primary neurons, we demonstrated the capacity of PDCD4 to negatively control axonal growth. To explore PDCD4...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 16:30
The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe is an excellent model organism for the study of eukaryotic cellular physiology. The organism is genetically tractable and several tools to study the functions of individual genes are available. One such tool is regulatable gene expression and overproduction of proteins. Limitations of currently available overexpression systems include delay in expression after induction, narrow dynamic range, and system-wide changes due to induction conditions. Here I describe...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 16:30
Mechanisms underlying the ability of hepatitis C virus (HCV) to establish persistent infections and induce progressive liver disease remain poorly understood. HCV is one of several positive-stranded RNA viruses capable of establishing persistence in their immunocompetent vertebrate hosts, an attribute previously associated with formation of large-scale RNA structure in their genomic RNA. We developed novel methods to analyze and visualize genome-scale ordered RNA structure (GORS) predicted from the...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 16:30
Native folded and compact intermediate states of RNA typically involve tertiary structures in the presence of divalent ions such as Mg2+ in a background of monovalent ions. In a recent study, we have shown how the presence of Mg2+ impacts the transition from partially unfolded to folded states through a "push-pull" mechanism where the ion both favors and disfavors the sampling of specific phosphate-phosphate interactions. To further understand the ion atmosphere of RNA in folded and partially folded...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 16:30
RNA helicases catalyze the ATP-dependent destabilization of RNA duplexes. DEAD-box helicases share a helicase core that mediates ATP binding and hydrolysis, RNA binding and unwinding. Most members of this family contain domains flanking the core that can confer RNA substrate specificity and guide the helicase to a specific RNA. However, the in vivo RNA substrates of most helicases are currently not defined. The DEAD-box helicase Hera from Thermus thermophilus contains a helicase core, followed by...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 16:30
Nucleic acid aptamers can be chemically modified to enhance function, but modifying previously selected aptamers can have nontrivial structural and functional consequences. We present a reselection strategy to evaluate the impact of several modifications on preexisting aptamer pools. RNA aptamer libraries with affinity to HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) were retranscribed with 2'-F, 2'-OMe, or 2'-NH2 pyrimidines and subjected to three additional selection cycles. RT inhibition was observed for representative...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 16:30
miR-140 is selectively expressed in cartilage. Deletion of the entire Mir140 locus in mice results in growth retardation and early-onset osteoarthritis-like pathology; however, the relative contribution of miR-140-5p or miR-140-3p to the phenotype remains to be determined. An unbiased small RNA sequencing approach identified miR-140-3p as significantly more abundant (>10-fold) than miR-140-5p in human cartilage. Analysis of these data identified multiple miR-140-3p isomiRs differing from the miRBase...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 16:30
MicroRNA expression is important for gene regulation and deregulated microRNA expression is often observed in diseases such as cancer. The processing of primary microRNA transcripts is an important regulatory step in microRNA biogenesis. Due to low expression level and association with chromatin, primary microRNAs are challenging to study in clinical samples where input material is limited. Here, we present a high-sensitivity targeted method to determine processing efficiency of several hundred primary...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 16:30
Cyclodipeptide synthases (CDPSs) catalyze the synthesis of various cyclodipeptides by using two aminoacyl-tRNA (aa-tRNA) substrates in a sequential mechanism. Here, we studied binding of phenylalanyl-tRNAPhe to the CDPS from Candidatus Glomeribacter gigasporarum (Cglo-CDPS) by gel filtration and electrophoretic mobility shift assay. We determined the crystal structure of the Cglo-CDPS:Phe-tRNAPhe complex to 5 Å resolution and further studied it in solution using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS)....
Fri Oct 16, 2020 16:30
The deamination of adenosine to inosine at the wobble position of tRNA is an essential post-transcriptional RNA modification required for wobble decoding in bacteria and eukaryotes. In humans, the wobble inosine modification is catalyzed by the heterodimeric ADAT2/3 complex. Here, we describe novel pathogenic ADAT3 variants impairing adenosine deaminase activity through a distinct mechanism that can be corrected through expression of the heterodimeric ADAT2 subunit. The variants were identified in...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 16:30
Cellular quiescence and cell cycle reentry regulate vital biological processes such as cellular development and tissue homeostasis and are controlled by precise regulation of gene expression. The roles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) during these processes remain to be elucidated. By performing genome-wide transcriptome analyses, we identify differential expression of several hundreds of lncRNAs, including a significant number of the less-characterized class of microRNA-host-gene (MIRHG) lncRNAs...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 16:30
The human PUF-family proteins, PUM1 and PUM2, posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression by binding to a PUM recognition element (PRE) in the 3'-UTR of target mRNAs. Hundreds of PUM1/2 targets have been identified from changes in steady-state RNA levels; however, prior studies could not differentiate between the contributions of changes in transcription and RNA decay rates. We applied metabolic labeling to measure changes in RNA turnover in response to depletion of PUM1/2, showing that human...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 16:30
The measurement of RNA abundance derived from massively parallel sequencing experiments is an essential technique. Methods that reduce ribosomal RNA levels are usually required prior to sequencing library construction because ribosomal RNA typically comprises the vast majority of a total RNA sample. For some experiments, ribosomal RNA depletion is favored over poly(A) selection because it offers a more inclusive representation of the transcriptome. However, methods to deplete ribosomal RNA are generally...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 16:30
PHAX (phosphorylated adaptor for RNA export) promotes nuclear export of short transcripts of RNA polymerase II such as spliceosomal U snRNA precursors, as well as intranuclear transport of small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs). However, it remains unknown whether PHAX has other critical functions. Here we show that PHAX is required for efficient DNA damage response (DDR) via regulation of phosphorylated histone variant H2AX (H2AX), a key factor for DDR. Knockdown of PHAX led to a significant reduction of...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 16:30
Viruses have evolved in tandem with the organisms that they infect. Afflictions of the plant and animal kingdoms with viral infections have forced the host organism to evolve new or exploit existing systems to develop the countermeasures needed to offset viral insults. As one example, nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, a cellular quality-control mechanism ensuring the translational fidelity of mRNA transcripts, has been used to restrict virus replication in both plants and animals. In response, viruses...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 16:30
Chaperone proteins—the most disordered among all protein groups—help RNAs fold into their functional structure by destabilizing misfolded configurations or stabilizing the functional ones. But disentangling the mechanism underlying RNA chaperoning is challenging, mostly because of inherent disorder of the chaperones and the transient nature of their interactions with RNA. In particular, it is unclear how specific the interactions are and what role is played by amino acid charge and polarity patterns....
Fri Oct 16, 2020 16:30
tRNA molecules have well-defined sequence conservations that reflect the conserved tertiary pairs maintaining their architecture and functions during the translation processes. An analysis of aligned tRNA sequences present in the GtRNAdb database (the Lowe Laboratory, University of California, Santa Cruz) led to surprising conservations on some cytosolic tRNAs specific for alanine compared to other tRNA species, including tRNAs specific for glycine. First, besides the well-known G3oU70 base pair...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 16:30
Publication date: December 2020Source: International Immunopharmacology, Volume 89, Part BAuthor(s): Anamika Datta, Fatema Tuz Zahora, Md. Abdul Aziz, Mohammad Sarowar Uddin, Mahmuda Ferdous, Md. Shalahuddin Millat, Md. Shahid Sarwar, Md. Abdul Barek, Sarah Jafrin, Shamsun Nahar, Mohammad Safiqul Islam
Fri Oct 16, 2020 16:52
Abstract Purpose To evaluate the viability of the upper (UP) and lower pole (LP) of the spleen from a macro and microscopic point of view, after subtotal splenectomy with preservation (SSP) of the UP and the LP. Methods Seventeen male Wistar rats, two months old, were submitted to SSPUP and SSPLP and 5 to simulated operation (SG). After 80 days, the rats were euthanized, and the remaining LP and UP and intact spleens were evaluated macroscopically and microscopically. Results Two rats died...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 16:50
Abstract Purpose To determine the nephroprotective effect of NAC and Montelukast Sodium administration against the development of renal damage associated with long warm renal ischemia. Methods Twenty-seven rats were randomly divided into 3 study groups, which received NAC, montelukast and placebo, and 3 rats were included in the sham-treated control group. Medications were given 3 days before the procedure. DMSA renal scintigraphy was performed before and after surgery. The right renal pedicle...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 16:50
Chronic Respiratory Disease, Volume 17, Issue , January-December 2020. Diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB) is a chronic diffuse airway inflammatory disease, which is strongly associated with the class I human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles. Here, we report a pair of sisters who have been suffering from chronic cough, expectoration and wheezing for many years. They were previously misdiagnosed as chronic bronchitis and bronchial asthma, and were recently diagnosed as diffuse panbronchiolitis. The 36-year-old...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 14:10
Publication date: December 2020Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery, Volume 199Author(s): Ronan J. Doherty, Yagiz U. Yolcu, Waseem Wahood, Jad Zreik, Anshit Goyal, Halena M. Gazelka, Elizabeth B. Habermann, Kingsley Abode-Iyamah, Brett A. Freedman, Mohamad Bydon
Fri Oct 16, 2020 16:19
Dantrolene, an FDA approved drug to treat malignant hyperthermia and muscle spasm, has been demonstrated to inhibit severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mediated toxicity of host cells. Ryanodine receptor overactivation and associated disruption of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis play important roles in SARS-CoV-2 infection and replication of host cells. Dantrolene, as an inhibitor of RyRs, is expected to ameliorate these detrimental effects of SARS-CoV-2 in host cells. Additionally,...
Thu Oct 15, 2020 12:38
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a systemic necrotizing vasculitis mainly affecting small-sized arteries. Involvement of medium-sized vessels is very rare in EGPA. Here we present the ca...
Thu Oct 15, 2020 03:00
Cervical spine injury can be found in an estimated 5% of blunt trauma patients and poses some specific concerns for the otolaryngologist. Understanding the mechanisms and nature of injuries are essential to manage and minimize secondary spinal cord injury, particularly during intubation, or emergent or planned airway or other surgical procedures. Providers should be able to identify patients with potential cervical spine injury, be familiar with alternative methods of airway management and neck stabilization...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 03:00
Blood vessels in the head and neck region are usually protected by overlying skeleton, hence the incidence of injuries to these blood vessels is relatively less common. Traumatic injuries can be broadly divided into two groups based on the mechanism of injury: blunt traumatic injuries and penetrating injuries. Blunt trauma with massive impact is usually associated with injuries to multiple structures, while penetrating trauma leads to focal injuries to these blood vessels. Consequences of these injuries...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 03:00
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the predominant renal malignancy in adults. Of the four general subtypes, papillary renal cell carcinoma (P-RCC) is the second most common and can be subdivided into type I, type II, and a mixture of type I and II. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is the most common glomerulopathy at all ages, and it can be seen as a paraneoplastic syndrome. RCC, in general, is known to present with many paraneoplastic syndromes, and glomerulopathies are among these. Rarely,...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 10:20
Publication date: Available online 16 October 2020Source: TalantaAuthor(s): Chunpo Ge, Fengge Shen, Yanyan Yin, Kaiwen Chang, Xuan Zhang, Pingxin Zhou, Junmei Li, Youxun Liu, Chengbiao Lu
Fri Oct 16, 2020 14:28
Publication date: Available online 16 October 2020Source: TalantaAuthor(s): Robert W. Smithwick, Derek H. Bowman, Thomas J. Oatts
Fri Oct 16, 2020 14:28
Publication date: 1 February 2021Source: Talanta, Volume 223, Part 2Author(s): Xiaofei Li, Yawen Zhang, Lulu Hao, Yanju Liu, Xia Wang, Huaixia Yang, Jinming Kong
Sun Oct 18, 2020 17:15
Publication date: Available online 16 October 2020Source: TalantaAuthor(s): Qianying Sheng, Chenli Xue, Yang Zhou, Junyan Li, Huihui Yuan, Yanxiong Ke, Minbo Lan
Fri Oct 16, 2020 14:28
Publication date: Available online 16 October 2020Source: TalantaAuthor(s): Changling Qiu, Parham Asgari, X. James Mao, Junha Jeon, Kevin A. Schug
Fri Oct 16, 2020 14:28
Publication date: Available online 16 October 2020Source: TalantaAuthor(s): Claudia Núñez, Juan José Triviño, Verónica Arancibia
Fri Oct 16, 2020 14:28
Publication date: Available online 15 October 2020Source: TalantaAuthor(s): Kaiqiang Wang, Da-Wen Sun, Hongbin Pu, Qingyi Wei
Fri Oct 16, 2020 14:28
Publication date: Available online 15 October 2020Source: TalantaAuthor(s): Camila Will, Ricardo Dagnoni Huelsmann, Gabriela Mafra, Josias Merib, Jared L. Anderson, Eduardo Carasek
Fri Oct 16, 2020 14:28
Publication date: Available online 15 October 2020Source: TalantaAuthor(s): Fanyong Yan, Hao Zhang, Xing Li, Xiaodong Sun, Yingxia Jiang, Yali Cui
Fri Oct 16, 2020 14:28
Abstract In light of emerging antibiotic resistance, bacterial cell wall lytic enzymes are promising antimicrobial agents that degrade bacterial peptidoglycan while specifically recognizing the target bacterium. The efficacy of lytic enzymes against several multi-drug-resistant pathogens infecting humans has led to many efforts focused on in vivo therapeutic applications. However, the potential for lytic enzymes to combat bacterial contamination in...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 14:12
Abstract The objective of this study is to better quantify the occurrence, intake, and potential risk from Hg in fungi traditionally foraged in SW China. The concentrations and intakes of Hg were measured from 42 species including a “hard” flesh type polypore fungi and a” soft” flesh type edible species that are used in traditional herbal medicine, collected during the period 2011–2017. Three profiles of forest topsoil from the Zhenyuan site in 2015...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 14:12
Abstract The fungal secretome comprises various oxidative enzymes participating in the degradation of lignocellulosic biomass as a central step in carbon recycling. Among the secreted enzymes, aryl-alcohol oxidases (AAOs) are of interest for biotechnological applications including production of bio-based precursors for plastics, bioactive compounds, and flavors and fragrances. Aryl-alcohol oxidase 2 (PeAAO2) from the fungus Pleurotus eryngii was heterologously...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 14:12
Abstract The acetic acid bacterium (AAB) Gluconobacter oxydans incompletely oxidizes a wide variety of carbohydrates and is therefore used industrially for oxidative biotransformations. For G. oxydans, no system was available that allows regulatable plasmid-based expression. We found that the l-arabinose-inducible PBAD promoter and the transcriptional regulator AraC from Escherichia coli MC4100 performed very well in G. oxydans. The respective pBBR1-based...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 14:12
Abstract Reactive Black 5 (RB5) is a typical refractory azo dye. Widespread utilization of RB5 has caused a variety of environmental and health problems. The enzymatic degradation of RB5 can be a promising solution due to its superiority as an eco-friendly and cost-competitive process. Bacterial CotA-laccase shows great application prospect to eliminate hazardous dyes from wastewater. However, efficient decolorization of RB5 CotA-laccase generally...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 14:12
Abstract Thermal activity and stability are important characteristics for proteases applied in the detergent, pharmaceutical, food, and other green industries. With the intent to discover thermostable novel proteases, we constructed a fosmid metagenomic library from marine sediments in the East China Sea and isolated a clone endowed with high proteolytic activity from this library. Sequence analysis of the positive subclones allowed the identification...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 14:12
Abstract Phyllosticta citricarpa, Elsinoë fawcettii, Elsinoë australis, and Pseudocercospora angolensis are major pathogens of citrus crops worldwide and can cause non-characteristic symptoms that may lead to confusion regarding the causative agent. These fungi are subject to international phytosanitary regulations, and testing on fruits or leaves requires accurate and easy-to-use tools. New multiplex conventional PCR and real-time PCR assays were...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 14:12
Abstract Microalgae started receiving attention as producers of third generation of biofuel, but they are rich in many bioactive compounds. Indeed, they produce many molecules endowed with benefic effects on human health which are highly requested in the market. Thus, it would be important to fractionate algal biomass into its several high-value compounds: this represents the basis of the microalgal biorefinery approach. Usually, conventional extraction methods have been used...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 14:12
Abstract Adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) has been used to study and solve pressing questions about evolution, especially for the study of the development of mutations that confer increased fitness during evolutionary processes. In this contribution, we investigated how the evolutionary process conducted with the PTS− mutant of Escherichia coli PB11 in three parallel batch cultures allowed the restoration of rapid growth with glucose as the carbon source. The significant...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 14:12
Abstract Much research has been carried out on the bacterial bioremediation of soil contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons and toxic metals but much less is known about the potential of fungi in sites that are co-contaminated with both classes of pollutants. This article documents the roles of fungi in soil polluted with both petroleum hydrocarbons and toxic metals as well as the mechanisms involved in the biotransformation of such substances. Soil...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 14:12
Abstract Bacteriophage-based methods for the rapid detection of viable Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) in veterinary specimens are a recent addition to the Johne’s disease diagnostic toolbox. Here, we report the use of D29 mycobacteriophage-coated tosylactivated paramagnetic beads to capture and concentrate MAP cells from samples (termed phagomagnetic separation, PhMS) and then naturally lyse viable MAP cells (from the inside out)...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 14:12
Abstract The macrolactone rapamycin (RAP) presents a broad range of bioactivities, but its clinical applications are compromised due to the poor water solubility and low bioavailability, which could probably be overcome by glycosylation. In this study, we tested a set of promiscuous glycosyltransferases (GTs) to modify rapamycin with four different sugar donors. BsGT-1 displayed the best glycosylation activity with a preference for UDP-glucose, and...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 14:12
Abstract The gut microbiota, including both bacterial and fungal communities, plays vital roles in the gut homeostasis of animals, and antibiotics can lead to disorders of these microbial communities. The use of anthelmintic treatment to control parasitic infection has long been a standard practice, although its impact on the gut microbiota of healthy sika deer is relatively unknown. This study used next-generation sequencing based on 16S/18S/ITS rRNA genes to investigate the...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 14:12
Abstract The balance of protein, carbohydrate, and fat affect the composition and functions of the gut microbiota. The complexities involved thereof require insights into the roles and impacts of individual dietary components due to the difficulty of defining such in a group of others. Peptides and proteins from several animal and plant sources have been widely explored in relation to the gut microbiome modulation, but the effects of soy peptides and other soy derivatives on...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 14:12
Abstract (R)-3-Chloro-1-phenyl-1-propanol ((R)-CPPO) is an important chiral intermediate for antidepressants. For its efficient biosynthesis, the carbonyl reductase EbSDR8 was engineered to asymmetrically reduce the unnatural substrate 3-chloro-1-phenyl-1-propanone (3-CPP) at high concentrations. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations of the resulting mutants suggested enlarged substrate binding pocket and more reasonable interactions between...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 14:12
Abstract Synthetic biology provides powerful tools and novel strategies for designing and modifying microorganisms to function as cell factories for biomanufacturing, which is a promising approach for realizing chemical production in a green and sustainable manner. Recent advances in genetic component design and genome engineering have enabled significant progresses in the field of synthetic biology chassis that have been developed for enzymes or biochemical...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 14:12
Abstract Actinoplanes sp. SE50/110 is the industrially relevant producer of acarbose, which is used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Recent studies elucidated the expression dynamics in Actinoplanes sp. SE50/110 during growth. From these data, we obtained a large genomic region (ACSP50_3900 to ACSP50_3950) containing 51 genes, of which 39 are transcribed in the same manner. These co-regulated genes were found to be stronger transcribed on maltose...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 14:12
Abstract As natural metabolites, organic acids have been widely applied in food, pharmaceutical, and bio-based materials industries. Particularly, the short-chain organic acids, including C2, C3, C4, C5, and C6 organic acids, are necessary intermediate metabolites in cells and are also alternatives to some commercial chemical products. As the necessary metabolites in cells, most major short-chain organic acids can be produced through microbial fermentation. Specifically, with...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 14:12
Abstract Lovastatin, and its semisynthetic derivative simvastatine, has great medical and economic importance, besides great potential for other uses. In the last years, a deeper and more complex view of secondary metabolism regulation has emerged, with the incorporation of cluster-specific and global transcription factors, and their relation to signaling cascades, as well as the new level of epigenetic regulation. Recently, a new mechanism, which...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 14:12
Abstract Tolypocladium guangdongense is a high-value edible fungus with various medicinal and food safety properties. However, its evolutionary and genetic information is still limited. Mitochondrial genomes are potential models for molecular evolution and phylogenetic studies. In this study, we sequenced the complete mitogenome of T. guangdongense, demonstrating circular sequence of 46,102 bp, containing 14 standard protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 14:12
Abstract Akkermansia muciniphila is a promising probiotic in the gut. This study aimed to determine the presence and abundance of Akkermansia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who underwent washed microbiota transplantation (WMT) in order to elucidate the relationship between its level and patients’ clinical data and outcomes. A cohort of Chinese volunteers including 80 healthy controls (HC), 43 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), and...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 03:00
Abstract Ganoderma lucidum, which contains numerous biologically active compounds, is known worldwide as a medicinal basidiomycete. Because of its application for the prevention and treatment of various diseases, most of artificially cultivated G. lucidum is output to many countries as food, tea, and dietary supplements for further processing. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) has been reported as a compound that can induce ganoderic acid (GA) biosynthesis, an important...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 03:00
Abstract Nylon 5 and nylon 6,5 are recently explored as new commercial polyamides, of which the monomer includes δ-valerolactam. In this study, a novel catalytic activity of lysine 2-monooxygenase (DavB) was explored to produce δ-valerolactam from l-pipecolic acid (L-PA), functioning as oxidative decarboxylase on a cyclic compound. Recombinant Escherichia coli BS01 strain expressing DavB from Pseudomonas putida could synthesize δ-valerolactam from l-pipecolic...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 03:00
Abstract Bacterial membrane vesicles (MVs) are used as a tool for intercellular communication and seem essential for bacterial survival. However, few data are available on MVs generated by Streptococcus mutans, which is the main aetiological agent of dental caries. The present study presents an integrated proteomics and metabolomics analysis of MVs isolated from S. mutans at initial pH values of 7.5 and 5.5 and explores their function. The results showed...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 03:00
http://authors.nejm.org/MSImageReview/19_00481_paal/paal_fix.mp4
Thu Oct 15, 2020 03:00
Abstract Klebsiella pneumoniae (family Enterobacteriaceae) is a gram-negative bacterium that has strong pathogenicity to humans and can cause sepsis, pneumonia, and urinary tract infection. In recent years, the unreasonable use of antibacterial drugs has led to an increase in drug-resistant strains of K. pneumoniae, a serious threat to public health. Bacteriophages, viruses that infect bacteria, are ubiquitous in the natural environment. They are considered to be the most promising...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 03:00
Abstract Rectus sheath block is used to anesthetize thoracic nerves around the umbilicus. However, the appropriate point for anesthetic injection during rectus sheath block has not been determined anatomically. Here, we examined the course of thoracic nerve T10 at the posterior layer of the rectus sheath and the anatomical relationship between the nerve and the rectus abdominis and transversus abdominis muscles in formalin-fixed adult cadavers. The cranio-caudal distance from...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 03:00
Background: Mastering the phonetics of a second language (L2) involves a component of speech-motor skill, and it has been suggested that L2 learners aiming to achieve a more native-like pronunciation could benefit from practice structured in accordance with the principles of motor learning. Participants and Methods: This study investigated the influence one such principle, high versus low variability in practice, has on speech-motor learning for Korean adults seeking to acquire native-like production...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 11:15
There exist only two case reports to date of open cardiac defibrillation with deep brain stimulator system (DBS) implantation. We report a 64-year-old male with DBS system in place for essential tremor who underwent cardiac defibrillation after cardiac arrest. Afterwards, his device impedances were all high and his tremor symptoms returned. Both problems resolved with implantation of a new generator and required no changes to the intracranial leads or extension cables. This is significantly different...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 08:37
Presentation of Case. Dr. Kevin L. Ard: A 63-year-old man was evaluated at this hospital in the spring because of fever, confusion, headache, garbled speech, fatigue, vision changes, lymphocytic pleocytosis, and an elevated protein level in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Approximately 5 years…
Thu Oct 15, 2020 03:00
Autophagy ("self-eating") is the process through which parts of the cell are degraded in the lysosome. Elucidation of the key genes essential for autophagy — originally identified in yeast — has led to a new era in our understanding of mammalian physiology and the pathophysiology of human diseases.…
Thu Oct 15, 2020 03:00
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Thu Oct 15, 2020 03:00
Abstract Background and purpose While numerous reports have demonstrated intracranial CNS anomalies associated with Klippel–Trenaunay syndrome, to our knowledge, there has not been a large consecutive study examining these anomalies. The aim of this study was to determine the spectrum of intracranial neurovascular manifestations in patients with a clinical diagnosis of Klippel–Tranaunay syndrome. ...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 03:00
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is often metastatic at diagnosis. Conventional therapies such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and hormonal therapy have generally proven ineffective in the treatment of RCC. The abscopal effect, specifically, the ability of localized radiation to trigger systemic antitumor effects, has been reported to lead to regression of non-irradiated distant tumor lesions. Herein, we report 3 patients with non-metastatic clear cell RCC (CCRCC) who underwent a nephrectomy and experienced...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 08:09
Breast metastasis originating from non-mammary tumors is an uncommon event accounting for 0.5–6.6% of all breast neoplasms. The primary malignancies that reportedly metastasize to the breast most frequently are hematologic malignancies, such as leukemia and lymphoma and malignant melanoma. Breast cancer metastasis resulting from a primary lung neoplasm is significantly less commonly described in the literature. Herein, we present the unusual case of a patient with metastatic disease to the breast...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 08:08
Autophagy ("self-eating") is the process through which parts of the cell are degraded in the lysosome. Elucidation of the key genes essential for autophagy — originally identified in yeast — has led to a new era in our understanding of mammalian physiology and the pathophysiology of human diseases.…
Thu Oct 15, 2020 03:00
To the Editor: Symmetric peripheral gangrene is an infrequent but devastating complication of critical illness. This condition results in distal tissue losses that typically involve the lower limbs, but in one third of patients, the loss of circulation involves the hands in a largely symmetric…
Thu Oct 15, 2020 03:00
Zusammenfassung Die Otitis externa ist eine der häufigsten Infektionen im Kopf- und Halsbereich, da etwa 10 % aller Menschen mindestens einmal im Leben daran erkranken. Es handelt sich um eine Infektion der Kutis und Subkutis des äußeren Gehörgangs, die durch Bakterien, Viren und Pilze sowie durch Allergene oder degenerative toxische Substanzen verursacht wird. Als Begleiterscheinung kann sich eine Infektion des Trommelfells (Myringitis) entwickeln. Typischerweise treten ein einseitiger,...
Fri Oct 16, 2020 03:00
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