by Alexios Batrakoulis, Athanasios Z. Jamurtas, Kalliopi Georgakouli, Dimitrios Draganidis, Chariklia K. Deli, Konstantinos Papanikolaou, Alexandra Avloniti, Athanasios Chatzinikolaou, Diamanda Leontsini, Panagiotis Tsimeas, Nikolaos Comoutos, Vassilios Bouglas, Maria Michalopoulou, Ioannis G. Fatouros
Women are more likely to expect social sanctions for open defecation: Evidence from Tamil Nadu India
by Jinyi Kuang, Sania Ashraf, Alex Shpenev, Maryann Greene Delea, Upasak Das, Cristina Bicchieri Social sanctions can be effective for sustaining beneficial norms by harnessing the power of social pressure and peer monitoring. Yet, field evidence regarding how norms might be linked to perceived risk of sanction is limited. In this study, we focused on communities located in peri-urban areas of Tamil Nadu, India, and examined how people’s perceived prevalence of a socially desirable behavior...
by Citong Niu, Guicai Du, Ronggui Li, Chao Wang
by Hans-Georg Fischer, Christopher Schmidtbauer, Annett Seiffart, Michael Bucher, Stefan K. Plontke, Torsten Rahne Introduction Taste and smell are important for occupational performance and quality of life. Previous studies suggested that the function of these senses might be influenced by ambient pressure and noise. This knowledge would be helpful for divers, submarine crews, or mine workers. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of noise and hyperbaric pressure on olfactory and...
by Guowei Li, Zhe Luo, Muhammad Anwar, Yuqiu Lu, Xiantao Wang, Xuening Liu
by Ekene Emmanuel Nweke, Previn Naicker, Shaun Aron, Stoyan Stoychev, John Devar, David L. Tabb, Jones Omoshoro-Jones, Martin Smith, Geoffrey Candy Pancreatic cancer accounts for 2.8% of new cancer cases worldwide and is projected to become the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths by 2030. Patients of African ancestry appear to be at an increased risk for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), with more severe disease and outcomes. The purpose of this study was to map the proteomic...
by Ibtihel Smeti, Isabelle Watabe, Etienne Savary, Arnaud Fontbonne, Azel Zine
by Katsutoshi Miyosawa, Hiroshi Iwata, Asuka Minami-Takano, Hidemori Hayashi, Haruna Tabuchi, Gaku Sekita, Tomoyasu Kadoguchi, Kai Ishii, Yui Nozaki, Takehiro Funamizu, Yuichi Chikata, Satoshi Matsushita, Atsushi Amano, Masataka Sumiyoshi, Yuji Nakazato, Hiroyuki Daida, Tohru Minamino Background and aims Pathophysiological roles of monocytes in atrial fibrillation (AF), particularly for the progression of structural remodeling of the left atrium (LA), remain elusive. This study examined the association...
by Ibtihel Smeti, Said Assou, Etienne Savary, Saber Masmoudi, Azel Zine
by Shoulin Pang, Shiting Dou, Huan Li This paper explores the synergy effect of the government subsidies, tax incentives, and government procurement on innovation based on synergy theory, and further analyzes its path and mechanism in the process of innovation. We find that government subsidies, tax incentives, and government procurement exert positive synergy effect on innovation. Furthermore, in the process of innovation, government subsidies are shown to play strongest roles in the stages...
by Anvita Gopal, Anupam Joya Sharma, Malavika Ambale Subramanyam The novel COVID-19 pandemic has created chaos around the globe. To curb its spread, the Government of India announced a nationwide lockdown on March 24th, 2020 for 21 days, which was extended further for a longer time. This long period of lockdown disrupted the routine of all citizens, affecting their psychological well-being. While recent studies showed the psychological burden of Indians during the pandemic, no study has assessed...
by Rehman Ali, Sanaullah Khan, Marina Khan, Muhammad Adnan, Ijaz Ali, Taj Ali Khan, Sumbal Haleem, Muhammad Rooman, Sadia Norin, Shahid Niaz Khan Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic helminthiasis caused by different species of the genus Echinococcus, and is a major economic and public health concern worldwide. Synthetic anthelmintics are most commonly used to control CE, however, prolonged use of these drugs may result in many adverse effects. This study aims to discuss the in vitro/in...
by Easton R. White, Laurent Hébert-Dufresne During an epidemic, metrics such as R0, doubling time, and case fatality rates are important in understanding and predicting the course of an epidemic. However, if collected over country or regional scales, these metrics hide important smaller-scale, local dynamics. We examine how commonly used epidemiological metrics differ for each individual state within the United States during the initial COVID-19 outbreak. We found that the detected case number...
by Dewi Anggraini, Mali Abdollahian, Kaye Marion A fetal growth chart is a vital tool for assessing fetal risk during pregnancy. Since fetal weight cannot be directly measured, its reliable estimation at different stages of pregnancy has become an essential issue in obstetrics and gynecology and one of the critical elements in developing a fetal growth chart for estimated fetal weight. In Indonesia, however, a reliable model and data for fetal weight estimation remain challenging, and this causes...
by Chanaporn Suttinun, Jean-Luc Gattolliat, Boonsatien Boonsoong The genus Cymbalcloeon gen. nov. (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) is established for a new species Cymbalcloeon sartorii sp. nov. from Thailand, based on larval stage. This genus is unique among all of the Baetidae by the presence of three pairs of single gills on segments V–VII, ventrally oriented to cover the sterna VI–IX. Cymbalcloeon sartorii gen. nov. et sp. nov. presents unique or rare morphological characters such as a deeply concave...
by Joselin Segovia, Mercy Orellana, Juan Pablo Sarmiento, Darwin Carchi To analyze the effects of taxing sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) in Ecuador, this study estimates a Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System model using data from the 2011–2012 National Survey of Income and Expenditure for Urban and Rural Households. We derive own- and cross-price elasticities by income quintiles and consumption deciles for five beverages, including two types of sugary drink: (i) milk, (ii) soft drinks, (iii)...
by Samuel A. Wyffels, Darrin L. Boss, Bok F. Sowell, Timothy DelCurto, Janice G. P. Bowman, Lance B. McNew Dormant season livestock grazing reduces reliance on harvested feeds, but typically requires protein supplementation to maintain animal performance. Individual variation in supplement intake can impact animal performance; however, it is unknown if this variation leads to individual or herd-level effects on grazing behavior, resource utilization, and grazing impacts to native rangelands....
by Tahir Mahmood, Michael D. Shapiro Computed tomography for quantification of coronary artery calcium (CAC) is a simple non-invasive tool to assess atherosclerotic plaque burden. CAC is highly correlated with coronary atherosclerosis and is a robust predictor of cardiovascular outcomes. Recently, the 2018 ACC/AHA Cholesterol Guidelines endorsed the use of CAC scores in asymptomatic, intermediate risk individuals where the decision to initiate stain therapy is uncertain. However, whether quantification...
by Kuo-Ching Ying, Shih-Wei Lin Protein Function Module (PFM) identification in Protein-Protein Interaction Networks (PPINs) is one of the most important and challenging tasks in computational biology. The quick and accurate detection of PFMs in PPINs can contribute greatly to the understanding of the functions, properties, and biological mechanisms in research on various diseases and the development of new medicines. Despite the performance of existing detection approaches being improved to...
by James C. Barton, Jackson C. Barton, Luigi F. Bertoli, Ronald T. Acton Background Adults with IgG subclass deficiency (IgGSD) with subnormal IgG2 are inadequately characterized. Methods We retrospectively analyzed observations in unrelated adults with IgGSD evaluated in a single hematology clinic (1991–2019) and selected those with subnormal serum IgG2 ( Results There were 18 patients (94.4% women) with subnormal IgG2. Mean age was 52 ± 11 y. Upper/lower respiratory infection occurred in 94.4%/74.8%,...
by Sang Hun Lee, David Lutz, Dagmar Drexler, Michael Frotscher, Jie Shen Presynaptic mitochondrial Ca2+ plays a critical role in the regulation of synaptic transmission and plasticity. The presynaptic bouton of the hippocampal mossy fiber (MF) is much larger in size than that of the Schaffer collateral (SC) synapse. Here we compare the structural and physiological characteristics of MF and SC presynaptic boutons to reveal functional and mechanistic differences between these two synapses. Our...
by Kenneth D. Long, Elizabeth V. Woodburn, Ian C. Berg, Valerie Chen, William S. Scott During the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic there is unprecedented demand for personal protective equipment (PPE), especially N95 respirators and surgical masks. The ability of SARS-CoV-2 to be transmitted via respiratory droplets from asymptomatic individuals has necessitated increased usage of both N95 respirators in the healthcare setting and masks (both surgical and homemade) in public spaces. These precautions...
by Hye Yun Kim, HeeYang Lee, Jong Kook Lee, Hyunjin Vincent Kim, Key-Sun Kim, YoungSoo Kim Fibrillar aggregates of amyloid-β (Aβ) are the main component of plaques lining the cerebrovasculature in cerebral amyloid angiopathy. As the predominant Aβ isoform in vascular deposits, Aβ40 is a valuable target in cerebral amyloid angiopathy research. However, the slow process of Aβ40 aggregation in vitro is a bottleneck in the search for Aβ-targeting molecules. In this study, we sought a method to accelerate...
by Luis Sebástian Alexis Valerio, Kiminobu Sugaya Neural stem cells (NSCs), capable of self-renew and differentiate into neural cells, hold promise for use in studies and treatments for neurological diseases. However, current approaches to obtain NSCs from a live brain are risky and invasive, since NSCs reside in the subventricular zone and the in the hippocampus dentate gyrus. Alternatively, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could be a more available cell source due to their abundance in tissues...
by Farrukh Ishaque Saah, Hubert Amu Introduction Poor mental and sleep health negatively affects work performance, turnover intention, and information retention. We examined the impact of waiting job in upscale restaurants on the sleep health of waiters. Materials and methods This was a descriptive study which collected cross-sectional data from waiters of upscale restaurants, using PSQI and DASS-21 questionnaires. Descriptive and inferential statistics comprising mean, frequency, percentage, chi-square,...
by Luciana Kovacs, Pablo Cabral, Roger Chammas The presence of a high number of macrophages within solid tumors is often significantly associated with poor prognosis and predict treatment failure for chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Macrophages are innate immune cells capable of performing diverse functions depending on the different signals from the microenvironment. The classically activated macrophage is commonly present during the early stages of tumor development while alternatively activated...
by Lilong Zhang, Qihang Yuan, Yao Xu, Weixing Wang Background As an emerging technology, robot-assisted surgical system has some potential merits in many complicated endoscopic procedures compared with laparoscopic surgery. But robot-assisted liver resection is still a controversial problem on its advantages compared with laparoscopic liver resection. We aimed to perform the meta-analysis to assess and compare the clinical outcomes of robot-assisted and laparoscopic liver resection. Methods We...
by Tzu-Chan Hong, Hung-Chih Yang, Chi-Ling Chen, Jia-Horng Kao, Chun-Jen Liu, Ming-Jen Chen, Horng-Yuan Wang, Yang-Che Kuo, Lo-Yip Yu, Kuang-Chun Hu Background and aims Cost-effective serology tests may increase the predictive accuracy of colonoscopy for colorectal cancer screening. Reportedly, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) is associated with oxidative stress and carcinogenesis and has been found to be elevated in the serum of cancer patients and colorectal adenoma tissue. We aimed to investigate...
by Muluken Bekele Sorrie, Elias Amaje, Feleke Gebremeskel Background Pre-lacteal feeding is one of the major harmful practices being faced while feeding the newborns. Although it affects child health, little is known about the extent of the problem and its contributing factors in the study area. Therefore, this study aimed to figure the prevalence of pre-lacteal feeding practices and associated factors among mothers of children aged less than 12 months in Jinka Town. Methods A community-based cross-sectional...
by Karlijn J. van Stralen, Lotte Ruijter, Judith Frissen, Roeland H. den Boer, Veerle M. D. Struben, Catharina J. van Oostveen Background Good patient information has shown to improve surgical outcomes. In this study we explore what kind of pre-surgical information patients need and if the provision of a 360˚ video of a surgical procedure can be of added value to the information provided by the hospital. Methods An explorative qualitative study using semi-structured interviews on information needs...
by Yang Xiaoling, Zhao Li, Li ShuQiang, Ma Shengchao, Yang Anning, Ding Ning, Li Nan, Jia Yuexia, Yang Xiaoming, Li Guizhong, Jiang Yideng
by Katherine A. Solari, Elizabeth A. Hadly Acclimation to environmental changes driven by alterations in gene expression will serve as an important response for some species facing rapid Anthropogenic climate change. Pikas, genus Ochotona, are particularly vulnerable to climate change and current trends suggest that only the highest, coldest elevations within their ranges may remain suitable habitat for these species. In this study we aimed to assess the role of changes in gene expression in...
by Gwendolyn E. Wood, Stefanie L. Iverson-Cabral, Catherine W. Gillespie, M. Sylvan Lowens, Lisa E. Manhart, Patricia A. Totten Mycoplasma genitalium is a sexually transmitted bacterial pathogen that infects men and women. Antigenic variation of MgpB and MgpC, the immunodominant adherence proteins of M. genitalium, is thought to contribute to immune evasion and chronic infection. We investigated the evolution of mgpB and mgpC sequences in men with non-gonococcal urethritis persistently infected...
by Kosei Esaki, Masashi Ikeda, Tomo Okochi, Satoru Taniguchi, Kohei Ninomiya, Ayu Shimasaki, Yasuyo Otsuka, Yoshiko Oda, Takaya Sakusabe, Keiko Mano, Takeo Saito, Nakao Iwata Depressive symptoms are a serious problem in workplaces. Hospital staff members, such as newly licensed registered nurses (NLRNs), are at particularly increased risk of these symptoms owing to their limited experience. Previous studies have shown that a brief program-based cognitive behavioral therapy program (CBP) can...
by Panayiotis D. Ziakas, Eleftherios Mylonakis Background There is increasing demand for post-acute care services, which is amplified by the COVID-19 pandemic. Aims We studied the pattern of spatial association between post-acute care services and acute care facilities and evaluated how geographic variability could influence their use. Methods We compiled data on CMS-certified acute care and critical access hospitals and post-acute health care services (nursing homes, home health care services,...
by Ewelina Stollberg, Klaus W. Lange In the present study, we attempted to investigate whether it is the game experience that underlies processes leading to increased risk-taking while playing video racing games (VRGs). The aim of the study was to examine the indirect effect of playing VRGs on risky driving behaviour through various dimensions of the game experience. Thus, we examined the subjective experience of participants playing various VRGs and questioned whether this influenced subsequent...
by Alison Bradley, Sharukh Sami, Hwei N. G., Anne Macleod, Manju Prasanth, Muneeb Zafar, Niroshini Hemadasa, Gregg Neagle, Isobelle Rosindell, Jeyakumar Apollos Background Barrett’s esophagus is strongly associated with esophageal adenocarcinoma. Considering costs and risks associated with invasive surveillance endoscopies better methods of risk stratification are required to assist decision-making and move toward more personalised tailoring of Barrett’s surveillance. Methods A Bayesian network...
by Hye-Young Seo, So-Hee Lee, Ji-Ha Lee, Jae Seok Hwang, Mi Kyung Kim, Byoung Kuk Jang Kahweol is a diterpene found in coffee beans and unfiltered coffee drinks. Several studies have demonstrated that kahweol induces the nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2/ hemeoxygenase-1 (Nrf2/HO-1) pathway; however, the mechanisms involved are currently unknown. Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) is a major regulator of Nrf2 expression and is degraded mostly by autophagy. The p62 protein...
by Martina Steglich, Rodrigo Lombide, Ignacio López, Madelón Portela, Martín Fló, Mónica Marín, Beatriz Alvarez, Lucía Turell Human serum albumin presents in its primary structure only one free cysteine (Cys34) which constitutes the most abundant thiol of plasma. An antioxidant role can be attributed to this thiol, which is located in domain I of the protein. Herein we expressed domain I as a secretion protein using the yeast Pichia pastoris. In the initial step of ammonium sulfate precipitation,...
by Shannon T. Smith, Jens Meiler Rosetta is a computational software suite containing algorithms for a wide variety of macromolecular structure prediction and design tasks including small molecule protocols commonly used in drug discovery or enzyme design. Here, we benchmark RosettaLigand score functions and protocols in comparison to results of other software recently published in the Comparative Assessment of Score Functions (CASF-2016). The CASF-2016 benchmark covers a wide variety of tests...
by Mayuka Hayashida, Akiko Miki, Shunichiro Nakai, Wataru Matsumiya, Hisanori Imai, Sentaro Kusuhara, Makoto Nakamura This retrospective study was conducted to investigate the predictive factors associated with metamorphopsia after reduced-fluence photodynamic therapy (RFPDT) in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) with good baseline visual acuity. A total of 36 eyes of 36 consecutive patients with resolved CSC after RFPDT and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) better than 1.0...
by Anne Leppänen, Solvig Ekblad, Tanja Tomson Background Tobacco Cessation on Prescription (TCP) is a new intervention that is being evaluated in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas in Swedish primary health care (PHC). Patients’ perceptions of TCP are important to understand as this may have implications for the acceptability and adherence to treatment and explain cessation outcomes. Patients’ general experiences of tobacco cessation are also important to explore to improve cessation support...
by Tijs Merckaert, Olivier Zwaenepoel, Kris Gevaert, Jan Gettemans The serine/threonine protein kinase AKT is frequently over-activated in cancer and is associated with poor prognosis. As a central node in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, which regulates various processes considered to be hallmarks of cancer, this kinase has become a prime target for cancer therapy. However, AKT has proven to be a highly complex target as it comes in three isoforms (AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3) which are highly homologous,...
by Thibaud Garcin, Damien Grivet, Gilles Thuret, Philippe Gain The Optical Quality Analysis System (OQAS, Visiometrics) provides objective measurements of image formed onto retina, by combining quantification of ocular media transparency and of optical aberrations. In order to evaluate its contribution in the assessment of age-related cataract, we conducted a monocentric clinical study to determine the relationships between clinical grading of lens opacity, OQAS parameters, and parameters required...
by Fu-Wei Chiang, Jin-Lin Chang, Shih-Chang Hsu, Kuo-Yuan Hsu, Karen Chia-Wen Chu, Chun-Jen Huang, Chyi-Huey Bai, Chiehfeng Chen, Chin-Wang Hsu, Yuan-Pin Hsu Background Common complications of pediatric strabismus surgery, including emergence agitation (EA), postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), and postoperative pain, may be prevented using dexmedetomidine, which is an anxiolytic and analgesic. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the effects of dexmedetomidine in patients who...
by Han-Jin Cho, Yoon Jung Kang, Sang Min Sung, Sung-Ho Ahn, Yo Han Jung, Kyung-Yul Lee, Jung Hwa Seo, Sang Won Han, Joong Hyun Park, Hye-Yeon Choi, Jee-Hyun Kwon, Wook-Joo Kim, Hyung Jong Park, Jin Kyo Choi, Hyo Suk Nam, Ji Hoe Heo, Young Dae Kim Introduction Prior use of direct oral anticoagulants has been associated with reduced stroke severity in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial...
by Anneke van Dijk-de Vries, Anita Stevens, Trudy van der Weijden, Anna J. H. M. Beurskens Active participation of stakeholders in health research practice is important to generate societal impact of outcomes, as innovations will more likely be implemented and disseminated in clinical practice. To foster a co-creative process, numerous frameworks and tools are available. As they originate from different professions, it is not evident that health researchers are aware of these tools, or able...
by Ijaz Younis, Cheng Longsheng, Muhammad Farhan Basheer, Ahmed Shafique Joyo Stock market, is one of the most important financial market which has a close relationship with a country’s economy, due to which it is often called the barometer of the economy. Over the past 25 years, the stock markets have been affected by different global economic shocks. Various researchers have analyzed different aspects of these effects one by one, however, this study is an assessment of stock market interrelationship...
by Liza A. Bruk, Katherine E. Dunkelberger, Pawjai Khampang, Wenzhou Hong, Srivatsun Sadagopan, Cuneyt M. Alper, Morgan V. Fedorchak Acute otitis media (AOM) is the main indication for pediatric antibiotic prescriptions, accounting for 25% of prescriptions. While the use of topical drops can minimize the administered dose of antibiotic and adverse systemic effects compared to oral antibiotics, their use has limitations, partially due to low patient compliance, high dosing frequency, and difficulty...
by Huong Duong Phan, Thi Ngoc Phuong Nguyen, Phuong Linh Bui, Thanh Tung Pham, Tuan Vu Doan, Duc Thanh Nguyen, Hoang Van Minh Background Overweight and obesity is a severe global health issue in both developed and developing nations. This study aims to estimate the national prevalence of overweight and obesity among school-aged children in Vietnam. Method We conducted a national cross-sectional study on 2788 children aged from 11–14 years old from September to November 2018. We applied the WHO...
by Armand Zimmerman, Samara Fox, Randi Griffin, Taylor Nelp, Erika Bárbara Abreu Fonseca Thomaz, Mark Mvungi, Blandina T. Mmbaga, Francis Sakita, Charles J. Gerardo, Joao Ricardo Nickenig Vissoci, Catherine A. Staton Background Trauma is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), trauma patients have a higher risk of experiencing delays to care due to limited hospital resources and difficulties in reaching a health facility. Reducing delays to...
by Amanda Argay, Peter Vamosi Background The aim of our case control study was to evaluate the impact of glistening and tear film quality on visual performance after implantation of two different hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs). Materials and methods In our retrospective study we included cataract patients operated between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2012, with follow-up controls between January 2016 and December 2019. Z-Flex 860FAB (Medicontur) and AcrySof IQ SN60WF (Alcon)...
by Brandon J. Furnish, Troy A. Keller Global eutrophication degrades water quality in freshwater ecosystems and limits the availability of freshwater for human consumption. While current wastewater treatment facilities (WWTF) remove pathogens and pollutants, many US WWTF continue to discharge nutrients that contribute to eutrophication. Traditional nutrient removal technologies can effectively reduce eutrophication risk, but can have unintended negative consequences on human and environmental...
by Sun Ju Kim, Hye Sim Kim, Sung Oh Hwang, Woo Jin Jung, Young Il Roh, Kyoung-Chul Cha, Sang Do Shin, Kyoung Jun Song, on behalf of the Korean Cardiac Arrest Research Consortium (KoCARC) Investigators Background Calcium level is associated with sudden cardiac death based on several cohort studies. However, there is limited evidence on the association between ionized calcium, active form of calcium, and resuscitation outcome. This study aimed to evaluate the potential role of ionized calcium in...
by Ketil Størdal, Joar Eilevstjønn, Estomih Mduma, Kari Holte, Monica Thallinger, Jørgen Linde, Paschal Mdoe, Hussein Kidanto, Hege Langli Ersdal Background and aim The Helping Babies Breathe program gave major reductions in perinatal mortality in Tanzania from 2009 to 2012. We aimed to study whether this effect was sustained, and whether resuscitation skills changed with continued frequent training. Methods We analysed prospective data covering all births (n = 19,571) at Haydom Lutheran Hospital...
by Chie Takasu, Masaaki Nishi, Kozo Yoshikawa, Takuya Tokunaga, Hideya Kashihara, Toshiaki Yoshimoto, Mitsuo Shimada Background Clinical and molecular characteristics differ between right-sided and left-sided colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to clarify the correlation between CRC sidedness and tumor immunity. Methods A total of 102 patients who underwent curative colectomy for stage II/III CRC were included in this study. The expression of programmed cell death (PD)-1, PD1-ligand 1 (PD-L1),...
by Elise Eymard-Vernain, Sylvie Luche, Thierry Rabilloud, Cécile Lelong Due to the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles, the use of nanomaterials increases over time in industrial and medical processes. We herein report the negative impact of nanoparticles, using solid growth conditions mimicking a biofilm, on the ability of Bacillus subtilis to fight against a stress. Bacteria have been exposed to sublethal doses of nanoparticles corresponding to conditions that bacteria may meet in...
by Lin Wu, Jianbin Lan, Xiaoxue Xiang, Haiyang Xiang, Zhao Jin, Sadia Khan, Yiqing Liu Kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) is a rich nutritious fruit crop owing to a markedly higher content of vitamin C and minerals. To promote fruit set and to increase the yield of kiwifruit, forchlorfenuron (CPPU) has been widely applied. However, the molecular details regarding CPPU controlling kiwifruit development, especially at the fastest fruit growth stage, remain unknown. In the present study, we measured...
by Rodrigo M. Carrillo-Larco, James E. Bennett, Mariachiara Di Cesare, Edward W. Gregg, Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz Background Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have received political attention and commitment, yet surveillance is needed to measure progress and set priorities. Building on global estimates suggesting that Peru is not on target to meet the Sustainable Development Goal 3.4, we estimated the contribution of various NCDs to the change in unconditional probability of dying from NCDs in 25 regions...
by Lucinda B. Leung, W. Neil Steers, Katherine J. Hoggatt, Donna L. Washington Patient-centered medical homes (PCMH) are primary care delivery models that improve care access and population-level health outcomes, yet they have not been observed to narrow racial-ethnic disparities in the Veteran Health Administration (VHA) or other health systems. We aimed to identify and compare underlying drivers of persistent hypertension and diabetes control differences between non-Hispanic Black (Black)...
by Ruirui Xu, Shizhong Zhang, Jinguang Huang, Chengchao Zheng
by Ramin Mojtabai, Christine Mauro, Melanie M. Wall, Colleen L. Barry, Mark Olfson Many privately insured adults with drug use disorders in the United States do not have health care coverage for drug use treatment. The Affordable Care Act sought to redress this gap by including substance use treatments as essential health benefits under new plans offered. This study used data from 11,732 privately insured adult participants of the 2005–2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health with drug use...
by Latika Nagpal, Koustubh Panda
by Maho Sato, Sakiko Minami, Norihiro Nagai, Misa Suzuki, Toshihide Kurihara, Ari Shinojima, Hideki Sonobe, Kunihiko Akino, Norimitsu Ban, Kazuhiro Watanabe, Atsuro Uchida, Hajime Shinoda, Kazuo Tsubota, Yoko Ozawa The clinical course of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is related to choroidal conditions, and can be determined by the evaluation of the central choroidal thickness (CCT). The aim of this study was to determine the association between the axial length (AL) and choroidal thickness...
by Catherine Wexler, Niaman Nazir, May Maloba, Melinda Brown, Kathy Goggin, Brad Gautney, Nicodemus Maosa, Shadrack Babu, Elizabeth Muchoki, Natabhona Mabachi, Raphael Lwembe, Sarah Finocchario-Kessler Background Testing infants at birth and with more efficient point of care (POC) HIV diagnostic can streamline EID and expedite infant ART initiation. We evaluated the implementation of at birth and 6-week POC testing to assess the effectiveness and feasibility when implemented by existing hospital...
by Qi Wang, Hee Jin Jeon Biases perpetuate when people think that they are innocent whereas others are guilty of biases. We examined whether people would detect biased thinking and behavior in others but not themselves as influenced by preexisting beliefs (myside bias) and social stigmas (social biases). The results of three large studies showed that, across demographic groups, participants attributed more biases to others than to themselves, and that this self-other asymmetry was particularly...
by Xiaomei Xu, Lisha Li, Yamin Zhang, Xuehua Lu, Wei Lin, Shuangshuang Wu, Xia Qin, Rongqing Xu, Wenjin Lin Alisma orientale (Sam.) Juzep (A. orientale) is a traditional herb that is often used to treat disease including edema and hyperlipidemia. However, the molecular mechanism by which Alisma orientale (Sam.) Juzep exerts its hypolipidemic effects remains unclear. In this study, a diabetic rat model was established by feeding a high-fat and high-sugar diet combined with a low-dose streptozotocin...
by Avinash Srikanta Murthy, Norhafiz Azis, Jasronita Jasni, Mohammad Lutfi Othman, Mohd Fairouz Mohd Yousof, Mohd Aizam Talib This study presents an investigation on the effect of shield placement for mitigation of transient voltage in a 33/11 kV, 30 MVA transformer due to Standard Switching Impulse (SSI) and Oscillating Switching Impulse (OSI) surges. Generally, the winding and insulation in transformers could experience severe voltage stress due to the external impulses i.e. switching events....
by Ji-Young Choi, Ho Jun Chin, Hajeong Lee, Eun Hui Bae, Tae Ik Chang, Jeong-Hoon Lim, Hee-Yeon Jung, Jang-Hee Cho, Chan-Duck Kim, Yong-Lim Kim, Sun-Hee Park, on the behalf of The Korean GlomeruloNEphritis sTudy Group (KoGNET) Background Various factors can affect renal and patient outcome in idiopathic membranous nephropathy (iMN). We aimed to identify predictors of renal and patient survival in patients with iMN, with a special focus on outcomes among older patients. Methods We retrieved data...
by Pawel R. Kulawiak, Jürgen Wilbert, Robert Schlack, Moritz Börnert-Ringleb The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is a frequently used screening instrument for behavioral problems in children and adolescents. There is an ongoing controversy—not only in educational research—regarding the factor structure of the SDQ. Research results speak for a 3-factor as well as a 5-factor structure. The narrowband scales (5-factor structure) can be combined into broadband scales (3-factor structure)....
by Rachel J. Church, Shelli J. Schomaker, J. Scott Eaddy, Germaine G. Boucher, John M. Kreeger, Jiri Aubrecht, Paul B. Watkins Glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) is a liver-specific biomarker of hepatocellular damage currently undergoing qualification as a drug development tool. Since GLDH is located within the mitochondrial matrix, it has been hypothesized that it might also be useful in assessing mitotoxicity as an initiating event during drug-induced liver injury. According to this hypothesis,...
by Chih-Hsiung Chen, Rahul Patel, Alessandro Bortolami, Federico Sesti Biological organisms respond to environmental stressors by recruiting multiple cellular cascades that act to mitigate damage and ultimately enhance survival. This implies that compounds that interact with any of those pathways might improve organism's survival. Here, we report on an initial attempt to develop a drug screening assay based on the heat shock (HS) response of Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes. The protocol works...
by Harald Haidl, Axel Schlagenhauf, Angelika Krebs, Harald Plank, Willibald Wonisch, Vera Fengler, August Fiegl, Gerd Hörl, Martin Koestenberger, Thomas Wagner, Erwin Tafeit, Gerhard Cvirn, Seth Hallström Background Ethyl pyruvate (EP), the ethyl ester of pyruvate, has proven antiinflammatory and antioxidative properties. Additionally, anticoagulant properties have been suggested recently. EP, therefore, is a potentially antiatherosclerotic drug. We aimed to investigate whether EP possesses antiplatelet...
by Anneli Uusküla, Peter Vickerman, Mait Raag, Josephine Walker, Dimitrios Paraskevis, Ksenia Eritsyan, Vana Sypsa, Dmitry Lioznov, Radko Avi, Don Des Jarlais Objective We aim to show the feasibility of using an integrated prevention and care continuum (PCC) model as a complete and improved tool for HIV control measurement and programming. Alignment of prevention and care continua is essential to further improve health outcomes and minimize HIV transmission risk. Design Cross-sectional study. Methods...
by Jana Bürger, Andrey V. Malyshev, Nathalie Colbach Key plant traits affecting growth performance can differ among and within species, influencing competitive plant community dynamics. We determined the intra-specific variability of germination base temperature among 13 arable weed species and the seedlings’ early post-emergence relative growth rate among 21 species in climate chamber and green house experiments. Intra-specific variability was quantified with two seed populations (originating...
by Marcia M. de O. Buanafina, M. Fernanda Buanafina, Sue Dalton, Phillip Morris, Marissa Kowalski, Manav K. Yadav, Lindsay Capper While many aspects of the growth of maize are well understood, the role of cell wall feruloylation particularly during internode elongation has not been firmly established, but results so far indicate that it has significant implications for both biofuel feedstock conversion and for crop yield. The growth of the cell wall is achieved by synthesis, integration and...
by Kim Sui Wan, Foong Ming Moy, Khalijah Mohd Yusof, Feisul Idzwan Mustapha, Zainudin Mohd Ali, Noran Naqiah Hairi Background Clinical inertia can lead to poor glycemic control among type 2 diabetes patients. However, there is paucity of information on clinical inertia in low- and middle-income countries including Malaysia. This study aimed to determine the time to treatment intensification among T2D patients with HbA1c of ≥7% (≥53 mmol/mol) in Malaysian public health clinics. The proportion of...
by Kazuya Tateishi, Atsushi Nakagomi, Yuichi Saito, Hideki Kitahara, Masato Kanda, Yuki Shiko, Yohei Kawasaki, Hiroyo Kuwabara, Yoshio Kobayashi, Takahiro Inoue Background Although current guidelines recommend admission to the intensive/coronary care unit (ICU/CCU) for patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (MI), routine use of the CCU in uncomplicated patients with acute MI remains controversial. We aimed to evaluate the safety of management in the general ward (GW) of hemodynamically...
by Nicholas Risko, Kalin Werner, O. Agatha Offorjebe, Andres I. Vecino-Ortiz, Lee A. Wallis, Junaid Razzak Background In this paper, we predict the health and economic consequences of immediate investment in personal protective equipment (PPE) for health care workers (HCWs) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods To account for health consequences, we estimated mortality for HCWs and present a cost-effectiveness and return on investment (ROI) analysis using a decision-analytic model...
by Hoda Nouri, Hamid Moghimi, Sayed-Amir Marashi, Elahe Elahi Zymomonas mobilis, as an ethanologenic microorganism with many desirable industrial features, faces crucial obstacles in the lignocellulosic ethanol production process. A significant hindrance occurs during the pretreatment procedure that not only produces fermentable sugars but also releases severe toxic compounds. As diverse parts of regulation networks are involved in different aspects of complicated tolerance to inhibitors, we...
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