Τρίτη 13 Οκτωβρίου 2020

 


Mineralization induced by phosphorylated dry baker’s yeast
by Yoshihiro Ojima, Maya Kihara, Mami Yoshida, Koichi Igarashi, Tomoko Yoshida, Masayuki Azuma We found the mineralization of Cu during long-term Cu2+ adsorption onto dry baker’s yeast cells phosphorylated using sodium cyclo-triphosphate. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed that the elemental composition of minerals were copper, phosphorus, and oxygen. Synchrotron-based X-ray absorption fine structure showed that the local structure...
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Public discourse and sentiment during the COVID 19 pandemic: Using Latent Dirichlet Allocation for topic modeling on Twitter
by Jia Xue, Junxiang Chen, Chen Chen, Chengda Zheng, Sijia Li, Tingshao Zhu The study aims to understand Twitter users’ discourse and psychological reactions to COVID-19. We use machine learning techniques to analyze about 1.9 million Tweets (written in English) related to coronavirus collected from January 23 to March 7, 2020. A total of salient 11 topics are identified and then categorized into ten themes, including “updates about confirmed cases,” “COVID-19 related death,” “cases outside...
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Extraglandular ocular involvement and morbidity and mortality in primary Sjögren’s Syndrome
by Priya M. Mathews, Susan A. Robinson, Anisa Gire, Alan N. Baer, Esen K. Akpek Purpose To report the significance of extraglandular ocular involvement and long-term systemic morbidity and mortality in primary Sjögren’s Syndrome (SS). Methods This retrospective, longitudinal cohort study included consecutive patients with primary SS evaluated at a tertiary referral center. An electronic chart review was performed and all available data were extracted from clinic visits between October 1999 and...
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Genome-wide identification and characterization of <i>Respiratory Burst Oxidase Homolog</i> genes in six Rosaceae species and an analysis of their effects on adventitious rooting in apple
by Chenxia Cheng, Qinqin Che, Shenghui Su, Yuan Liu, Yongzhang Wang, Xiaozhao Xu Adventitious root formation is essential for plant propagation, development, and response to various stresses. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential for adventitious root formation. However, information on Respiratory Burst Oxidase Homolog (RBOH), a key enzyme that catalyzes the production ROS, remains limited in woody plants. Here, a total of 44 RBOH genes were identified from six Rosaceae species (Malus...
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Pathogenic variants of <i>AIPL1</i>, <i>MERTK</i>, <i>GUCY2D</i>, and <i>FOXE3</i> in Pakistani families with clinically heterogeneous eye diseases
by Muhammad Rashid, Muhammad Qasim, Rafaqat Ishaq, Shazia Anwer Bukhari, Zureesha Sajid, Usman Ali Ashfaq, Asma Haque, Zubair M. Ahmed Significant number out of 2.2 billion vision impairments in the world can be attributed to genetics. The current study is aimed to decipher the genetic basis of Leber congenital Amaurosis (LCA), Anterior Segment dysgenesis (ASD), and Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP), segregating in four large consanguineous Pakistani families. The exome sequencing followed by segregation...
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Time to recovery and predictors of severe community-acquired pneumonia among pediatric patients in Debre Markos referral hospital, North West Ethiopia: A retrospective follow-up study
by Belayneh Mengist, Mulugeta Tesfa, Bekalu Kassie Introduction Globally, pneumonia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among children which leads to over 156 million episodes and 14.9 million hospitalizations each year. Besides this fact, the recovery time and predictors of children’s hospitalization related to severe community-acquired pneumonia is not well known. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate the median time to recovery and its predictors among severe community-acquired...
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Mantle cell lymphoma with gastrointestinal involvement and the role of endoscopic examinations
by Han Hee Lee, Seok-Goo Cho, In Seok Lee, Hye Jin Cho, Young-Woo Jeon, Joo Hyun O, Seung Eun Jung, Byung Ock Choi, Kyung-Sin Park, Suk-Woo Yang Background Studies on gastrointestinal (GI) tract involvement in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) are lacking. We investigated the clinical characteristics and prognosis of MCL with GI tract involvement. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 64 patients diagnosed with MCL from January 2009 to April 2017. At the time of MCL diagnosis, patients who were identified...
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Quantifying species traits related to oviposition behavior and offspring survival in two important disease vectors
by Donald A. Yee, William C. Glasgow, Nnaemeka F. Ezeakacha Animals with complex life cycles have traits related to oviposition and juvenile survival that can respond to environmental factors in similar or dissimilar ways. We examined the preference-performance hypothesis (PPH), which states that females lacking parental care select juvenile habitats that maximize fitness, for two ubiquitous mosquito species, Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus. Specifically, we examined if environmental...
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Developmental and social deficits and enhanced sensitivity to prenatal chlorpyrifos in PON1<sup>-/-</sup> mouse pups and adults
by Ora Kofman, Anat Lan, Eynav Raykin, Ksenija Zega, Claude Brodski The levels and activity of the enzyme paraoxonase 1 affect the vulnerability to the teratogenic effects of organophosphate pesticides. Mutant mice lacking the gene for paraoxonase1 (PON1-/-) are more susceptible to the toxic effects of chlorpyrifos, and were hypothesized to be more vulnerable to social behavior deficits induced by exposure to chlorpyrifos during gestation. Three experiments were performed comparing PON1-/- mice...
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Short-term effect of a smartphone application on the mental health of university students: A pilot study using a user-centered design self-monitoring application for mental health
by Kosuke Kajitani, Ikumi Higashijima, Kosuke Kaneko, Tomoko Matsushita, Hideaki Fukumori, Daewoong Kim Background Despite the widespread recognition of the importance of mental health in young people, only a small proportion of young people with a mental disorder, including university students, receive mental health care. Objective We developed a smartphone application (Mental App) for the university students and examined the effects of the app on their mental health. Methods The app was designed...
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Global gene expression profile under low-temperature conditions in the brain of the grass carp (<i>Ctenopharyngodon idellus</i>)
by Mijuan Shi, Qiangxiang Zhang, Yongming Li, Wanting Zhang, Lanjie Liao, Yingyin Cheng, Yanxin Jiang, Xiaoli Huang, You Duan, Lei Xia, Weidong Ye, Yaping Wang, Xiao-Qin Xia Grass carp is an important commercial fish widely cultivated in China. A wide range of temperatures, particularly extremely low temperatures, have dramatic effects on the aquaculture of this teleost. However, relatively few studies have characterized the molecular responses of grass carp exposed to acute cooling in natural...
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The changes of the peripheral CD4+ lymphocytes and inflammatory cytokines in Patients with COVID-19
by Hua-Bao Sun, Yi-Ming Zhang, Li-Gui Huang, Qi-Nan Lai, Qun Mo, Xin-Zhou Ye, Tao Wang, Zhong-Zhen Zhu, Xiao-Lin Lv, Yan-Ji Luo, Shi-Ding Gao, Jin-Song Xu, Hao-Hao Zhu, Ting Li, Zhan-Ke Wang To investigate the clinical value of changes in the subtypes of peripheral blood lymphocytes and levels of inflammatory cytokines in patients with COVID-19, the total numbers of lymphocytes and CD4+ lymphocytes and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ lymphocytes were calculated and observed in different groups of patients...
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First stage progression in women with spontaneous onset of labor: A large population-based cohort study
by Louise Lundborg, Katarina Åberg, Anna Sandström, Andrea Discacciati, Ellen L. Tilden, Olof Stephansson, Mia Ahlberg Objective To describe the duration, progression and patterns of first stage of labor among Swedish women. Design Population-based cohort study. Population Data from Stockholm-Gotland Obstetric Cohort 2008–2014 including ¼ of all births in Sweden, the final sample involved a total of 85,408 women with term, singleton, vertex, live fetuses experiencing spontaneous labor onset and...
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Development of cortical auditory responses to speech in noise in unilaterally deaf adults following cochlear implantation
by Elsa Legris, John Galvin, Sylvie Roux, Jean-Marie Aoustin, David Bakhos Background For patients with single-sided deafness (SSD), restoration of binaural function via cochlear implant (CI) has been shown to improve speech understanding in noise. The objective of this study was to investigate changes in behavioral performance and cortical auditory responses following cochlear implantation. Design Prospective longitudinal study. Setting Tertiary referral center. Methods Six adults with SSD were...
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Utilization of maternal healthcare services in women experiencing spousal violence in Pakistan: A comparative analysis of 2012-13 and 2017-18 Pakistan Demographic Health Surveys
by Sehar-un-Nisa Hassan, Erum Memon, Mala Shahab, Sarwat Mumtaz Background Pakistan and other developing countries need to address disparities in maternal health care and factors associated with it. This justifies tracking the progress on two important indicators ‘spousal violence’ and ‘maternal health care utilization’ to improve maternal health and achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for these nations. Objective The objective of this study is to compare the data from the latest two Demographic...
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Ultrasound-stimulated microbubble radiation enhancement of tumors: Single-dose and fractionated treatment evaluation
by Evan McNabb, Azza Al-Mahrouki, Niki Law, Scott McKay, Christine Tarapacki, Farah Hussein, Gregory J. Czarnota The use of ultrasound-stimulated microbubble therapy has successfully been used to target tumor vasculature and enhance the effects of radiation therapy in tumor xenografts in mice. Here, we further investigate this treatment using larger, more clinically relevant tumor models. New Zealand white rabbits bearing prostate tumor (PC3) xenografts received a single treatment of either...
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A procedure and double-chambered device for macromolecular crystal flash-cooling in different cryogenic liquids
by Jean-Marc Jeckelmann, Hüseyin Ilgü, Patrick D. Bosshart, Dimitrios Fotiadis Flash-cooling of macromolecular crystals for X-ray diffraction analysis is usually performed in liquid nitrogen (LN2). Cryogens different than LN2 are used as well for this procedure but are highly underrepresented, e.g., liquid propane and liquid ethane. These two cryogens have significantly higher cooling rates compared with LN2 and may thus be beneficial for flash-cooling of macromolecular crystals. Flash-cooling...
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Human-animal relationships and interactions during the Covid-19 lockdown phase in the UK: Investigating links with mental health and loneliness
by Elena Ratschen, Emily Shoesmith, Lion Shahab, Karine Silva, Dimitra Kale, Paul Toner, Catherine Reeve, Daniel S. Mills Background The Covid-19 pandemic raises questions about the role that relationships and interactions between humans and animals play in the context of widespread social distancing and isolation measures. We aimed to investigate links between mental health and loneliness, companion animal ownership, the human-animal bond, and human-animal interactions; and to explore animal owners’...
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Behavioral and physiological correlates of kinetically tracking a chaotic target
by Atsushi Takagi, Ryoga Furuta, Supat Saetia, Natsue Yoshimura, Yasuharu Koike, Ludovico Minati Humans can innately track a moving target by anticipating its future position from a brief history of observations. While ballistic trajectories can be readily extrapolated, many natural and artificial systems are governed by more general nonlinear dynamics and, therefore, can produce highly irregular motion. Yet, relatively little is known regarding the behavioral and physiological underpinnings...
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Cascade strategies for the full valorisation of Garganega white grape pomace towards bioactive extracts and bio-based materials
by Stefania Monari, Maura Ferri, Micaela Vannini, Laura Sisti, Paola Marchese, Maria Ehrnell, Epameinondas Xanthakis, Annamaria Celli, Annalisa Tassoni Agro-waste reduction and reuse are among the current main social challenges. In this perspective, the present research was aimed at the complete valorisation of Garganega grape pomace by recovering bioactive phenol extracts and by testing the solid fibre extract residues in composite formulation for packaging applications. The pomace was derived...
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Disentangling primer interactions improves SARS-CoV-2 genome sequencing by multiplex tiling PCR
by Kentaro Itokawa, Tsuyoshi Sekizuka, Masanori Hashino, Rina Tanaka, Makoto Kuroda Since December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has rapidly spread to almost every nation in the world. Soon after the pandemic was recognized by epidemiologists, a group of biologists comprising the ARTIC Network, has devised a multiplexed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol and primer set for targeted whole-genome amplification of SARS-CoV-2. The ARTIC...
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Transcriptomics predicts compound synergy in drug and natural product treated glioblastoma cells
by Lavinia-Lorena Pruteanu, Liliya Kopanitsa, Dezső Módos, Edgars Kletnieks, Elena Samarova, Andreas Bender, Leonardo Dario Gomez, David Stanley Bailey Pathway analysis is an informative method for comparing and contrasting drug-induced gene expression in cellular systems. Here, we define the effects of the marine natural product fucoxanthin, separately and in combination with the prototypic phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY-294002, on gene expression in a well-established human...
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Associations of physical activity and screen time with suboptimal health status and sleep quality among Chinese college freshmen: A cross-sectional study
by Chenjin Ma, Long Zhou, Wangli Xu, Shuangge Ma, Yu Wang This study aimed to investigate the associations of physical activity (PA) and screen time (ST) with physiological, psychological, and social health—particularly regarding effects on sleep quality—among Chinese college freshmen. A cross-sectional survey was conducted at Renmin University of China, in Beijing. A total of 5,233 students were surveyed in September 2015. Participants completed a self-report questionnaire on their demographic...
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Assessing impacts of human-elephant conflict on human wellbeing: An empirical analysis of communities living with elephants around Maasai Mara National Reserve in Kenya
by Tobias Ochieng Nyumba, Olobeli Engini Emenye, Nigel Leader-Williams Human-elephant conflict is an often intractable problem that threatens the contribution of conservation interventions to human wellbeing and securing livelihoods in Africa and Asia. Local human populations living in key elephant ranges are among the world’s most poor and vulnerable people. In efforts to address this problem, previous studies have mainly focused on the direct impacts of conflict and applied standard regression...
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Cellular velocity, electrical persistence and sensing in developed and vegetative cells during electrotaxis
by Isabella Guido, Douglas Diehl, Nora Aleida Olszok, Eberhard Bodenschatz Cells have the ability to detect electric fields and respond to them with directed migratory movement. Investigations identified genes and proteins that play important roles in defining the migration efficiency. Nevertheless, the sensing and transduction mechanisms underlying directed cell migration are still under discussion. We use Dictyostelium discoideum cells as model system for studying eukaryotic cell migration...
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Infrared and visible image fusion method of dual NSCT and PCNN
by Chunming Wu, Long Chen To solve the problem that the details of fusion images are not retained well and the information of feature targets is incomplete, we proposed a new fusion method of infrared (IR) and visible (VI) image—IR and VI image fusion method of dual non-subsampled contourlet transform (NSCT) and pulse-coupled neural network (PCNN). The method makes full use of the flexible multi-resolution and multi-directional of NSCT, and the global coupling and pulse synchronization excitation...
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Application of a cost-effective DNA extraction protocol for screening transgenic and CRISPR-edited primary goat cells
by Louhanna Pinheiro Rodrigues Teixeira, Francisco Eder de Moura Lopes, André Saraiva Leão Marcelo Antunes, Matheus Soares Alves, André Marrocos Miranda, Saul Gaudencio Neto, Leonardo Tondello Martins, Ana Cristina de Oliveira Monteiro Moreira, Kaio Cesar Simiano Tavares The genotyping of genetically-modified cells is a crucial step in studies of transgenics and genomic editing with systems such as CRISPR/Cas. The detection of genome editing events can be directly related to the genotyping methodology...
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A laboratory-based study examining the properties of silk fabric to evaluate its potential as a protective barrier for personal protective equipment and as a functional material for face coverings during the COVID-19 pandemic
by Adam F. Parlin, Samuel M. Stratton, Theresa M. Culley, Patrick A. Guerra The worldwide shortage of single-use N95 respirators and surgical masks due to the COVID-19 pandemic has forced many health care personnel to use their existing equipment for as long as possible. In many cases, workers cover respirators with available masks in an attempt to extend their effectiveness against the virus. Due to low mask supplies, many people instead are using face coverings improvised from common fabrics....
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Tablet-based adaptation and administration of the Castles and Coltheart Reading Test 2 for a large longitudinal study
by Clair Bennett, Meabh Cullinane, Shannon K. Bennetts, Jasmine Love, Naomi J. Hackworth, Fiona K. Mensah, Sheena Reilly, Jan M. Nicholson, Elizabeth M. Westrupp Tablet-adapted measures provide an efficient, accurate method of data collection for large-scale studies. The Castles and Coltheart Reading Test 2 (CC2) is a standardized paper-and-pencil measure of children’s reading ability. In the current study, the CC2 was administered to 603 children aged 7–8 years via iPad using electronic data...
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The association between ABO blood group and SARS-CoV-2 infection: A meta-analysis
by Davide Golinelli, Erik Boetto, Elisa Maietti, Maria Pia Fantini At present, existing evidence about the association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and ABO blood group polymorphism is preliminary and controversial. In this meta-analysis we investigate this association and determine SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals’ odds of having a specific blood group compared to controls. We performed a systematic search on MEDLINE and LitCovid databases for studies published through July 15, 2020. Seven studies...
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Causes and trends in liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma among men and women who received liver transplants in the U.S., 2010-2019
by Sonia Wang, Mehlika Toy, Thi T. Hang Pham, Samuel So Background and aims The national Organ Procurement and Transplant Network (OPTN) reported the major indication for liver transplants in 2018 was for other/unknown causes. This study was undertaken to examine all causes and trends in liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among adults who received liver transplants in the past 10 years. Methods A national cohort study of all adults who received liver transplants from Jan 1, 2010 to...
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Characterisation of intracellular molecular mechanisms modulated by carnosine in porcine myoblasts under basal and oxidative stress conditions
by Marie-France Palin, Jérôme Lapointe, Claude Gariépy, Danièle Beaudry, Claudia Kalbe Carnosine is a naturally occurring histidine-containing dipeptide present at high concentration in mammalian skeletal muscles. Carnosine was shown to affect muscle contraction, prevent the accumulation of oxidative metabolism by-products and act as an intracellular proton buffer maintaining the muscle acid-base balance. The present study was undertaken to gain additional knowledge about the intracellular mechanisms...
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Genetic testing offer for inherited neuromuscular diseases within the EURO-NMD reference network: A European survey study
by Borut Peterlin, Francesca Gualandi, Ales Maver, Serenella Servidei, Silvère M. van der Maarel, Francoise Lamy, Alexander Mejat, Teresinha Evangelista, Alessandra Ferlini The genetic diagnostics of inherited neuromuscular diseases (NMDs) is challenging due to their clinical and genetic heterogeneity. We launched an online survey within the EURO-NMD European Reference Network (ERN) to collect information about the availability/distribution of genetic testing across 61 ERN health care providers...
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Segmentation of time series in up- and down-trends using the epsilon-tau procedure with application to USD/JPY foreign exchange market data
by Arthur Matsuo Yamashita Rios de Sousa, Hideki Takayasu, Misako Takayasu We propose the epsilon-tau procedure to determine up- and down-trends in a time series, working as a tool for its segmentation. The method denomination reflects the use of a tolerance level ε for the series values and a patience level τ in the time axis to delimit the trends. We first illustrate the procedure in discrete random walks, deriving the exact probability distributions of trend lengths and trend amplitudes,...
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Analysis of clinical outcomes in elderly patients with impaired swallowing function
by Keeya Sunata, Hideki Terai, Hatsuho Seki, Masatsugu Mitsuhashi, Yuka Kagoshima, Sohei Nakayama, Kenichiro Wakabayashi, Kaori Muraoka, Yukio Suzuki, Yusuke Suzuki Japan is the world’s leading aging society, and increasing medical expenses for elderly people is an urgent issue. Since aspiration pneumonia in elderly people with impaired swallowing function is a huge problem in Japan, their expected long-term clinical course should be clarified. Accordingly, we collected data from 991 elderly...
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Recent phenological shifts of migratory birds at a Mediterranean spring stopover site: Species wintering in the Sahel advance passage more than tropical winterers
by Ivan Maggini, Massimiliano Cardinale, Jonas Hentati Sundberg, Fernando Spina, Leonida Fusani Spring migration phenology is shifting towards earlier dates as a response to climate change in many bird species. However, the patterns of change might not be the same for all species, populations, sex and age classes. In particular, patterns of change could differ between species with different ecology. We analyzed 18 years of standardized bird capture data at a spring stopover site on the island...
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Effect of stress factors associated with postharvest citrus conditions on the viability and biocontrol activity of <i>Clavispora lusitaniae</i> strain 146
by Martina María Pereyra, Mariana Andrea Díaz, Friedhelm Meinhardt, Julián Rafael Dib Only quite recently, we have shown that yeast strains Clavispora lusitaniae 146 and Pichia fermentans 27 can act as efficient biocontrol agents for combating postharvest fungal diseases in lemons. During postharvest and storage conditions, microorganisms are subject to different stress factors that could affect both their survival and their protective capacity. Understanding the tolerance of yeasts to environmental...
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Trogocytosis with monocytes associated with increased α2,3 sialic acid expression on B cells during H5N1 influenza virus infection
by Supasek Kongsomros, Maytawan Thanunchai, Suwimon Manopwisedjaroen, Prasit Na-Ek, Sheng-Fan Wang, Tana Taechalertpaisarn, Arunee Thitithanyanont The immunopathogenesis of H5N1 virus has been studied intensively since it caused cross-species infection and induced high mortality to human. We previously observed the interaction between monocytes and B cells, which increased the susceptibility of B cell to H5N1 virus infection after a co-culture. Levels of α2,3 sialic acid (avian flu receptor)...
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A sequencing study of <i>CTLA4</i> in Pakistani rheumatoid arthritis cases
by Muhammad Muaaz Aslam, Fazal Jalil, Peter John, Kang-Hsien Fan, Attya Bhatti, Eleanor Feingold, F. Yesim Demirci, M. Ilyas Kamboh Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a multifactorial autoimmune disease. The interaction of genetic and environmental factors is likely necessary for RA. Among potential genetic factors, many major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and non-MHC variants may be involved in RA susceptibility. CTLA4 is involved in the regulation of T-cell response during an immune reaction,...
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BioPETsurv: Methodology and open source software to evaluate biomarkers for prognostic enrichment of time-to-event clinical trials
by Si Cheng, Kathleen F. Kerr, Heather Thiessen-Philbrook, Steven G. Coca, Chirag R. Parikh Biomarkers can be used to enrich a clinical trial for patients at higher risk for an outcome, a strategy termed "prognostic enrichment." Methodology is needed to evaluate biomarkers for prognostic enrichment of trials with time-to-event endpoints such as survival. Key considerations when considering prognostic enrichment include: clinical trial sample size; the number of patients one must screen to enroll...
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Proteolytic profile of larval developmental stages of <i>Penaeus vannamei</i>: An activity and mRNA expression approach
by Liliana Rojo-Arreola, Fernando García-Carreño, Rogelio Romero, Luis Díaz Dominguez In arthropods, the cleavage of specific proteins by peptidases has pivotal roles in multiple physiological processes including oogenesis, immunity, nutrition, and parasitic infection. These enzymes are also key players in the larval development, and well-described triggers of molting and metamorphosis. In this work the peptidase complement throughout the larvae development of Penaeus vannamei was quantified...
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Binding of omeprazole to protein targets identified by monoclonal antibodies
by Naw May Pearl Cartee, Michael M. Wang Omeprazole is the most commonly used proton pump inhibitor (PPI), a class of medications whose therapeutic mechanism of action involves formation of a disulfide linkage to cysteine residues in the H+/K+ ATPase pump on gastric secretory cells. Covalent linkage between the sole sulfur group of omeprazole and selected cysteine residues of the pump protein results in inhibition of acid secretion in the stomach, an effect that ameliorates gastroesophageal...
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Integration of microarray data and literature mining identifies a sex bias in DPP4+CD4+ T cells in HIV-1 infection
by Hans Christian Stubbe, Christine Dahlke, Katharina Rotheneder, Renate Stirner, Julia Roider, Raffaele Conca, Ulrich Seybold, Johannes Bogner, Marylyn Martina Addo, Rika Draenert HIV-1 infection exhibits a significant sex bias. This study aimed at identifying and examining lymphocyte associated sex differences in HIV-1 pathogenesis using a data-driven approach. To select targets for investigating sex differences in lymphocytes, data of microarray experiments and literature mining were integrated....
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Evaluation of peripheral bronchiole visualization using model-based iterative reconstruction in quarter-detector computed tomography
by Yukiko Usui, Ryo Kurokawa, Eriko Maeda, Harushi Mori, Shiori Amemiya, Jiro Sato, Kenji Ino, Rumiko Torigoe, Osamu Abe This study aimed to evaluate the visualization of peripheral bronchioles in normal lungs via quarter-detector computed tomography (QDCT). Visualization of bronchioles within 10 mm from the pleura is considered a sign of bronchiectasis. However, it is not known peripheral bronchioles how close to the pleura in normal lungs can be tracked using QDCT. This study included 228...
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Short k-mer abundance profiles yield robust machine learning features and accurate classifiers for RNA viruses
by Md. Nafis Ul Alam, Umar Faruq Chowdhury High-throughput sequencing technologies have greatly enabled the study of genomics, transcriptomics and metagenomics. Automated annotation and classification of the vast amounts of generated sequence data has become paramount for facilitating biological sciences. Genomes of viruses can be radically different from all life, both in terms of molecular structure and primary sequence. Alignment-based and profile-based searches are commonly employed for...
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Ischemic stroke in COVID-19: An urgent need for early identification and management
by Dinesh V. Jillella, Nicholas J. Janocko, Fadi Nahab, Karima Benameur, James G. Greene, Wendy L. Wright, Mahmoud Obideen, Srikant Rangaraju Objective In the setting of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, a potential association of this disease with stroke has been suggested. We aimed to describe the characteristics of patients who were admitted with COVID-19 and had an acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Methods This is a case series of PCR-confirmed COVID-19...
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Psychological distress symptoms among healthcare professionals are significantly influenced by psychosocial work context, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional analysis
by Gebisa Guyasa Kabito, Tesfaye Hambisa Mekonnen Background Work-related psychosocial hazards result in numerous adverse effects on physical and psychological health, a reduction in quality of life and a decline in performance capacity to workers. While the condition is widespread across various occupations, healthcare sectors are acknowledged to be at high risk. In developing countries such as Ethiopia, however, the lack of reliable data on psychosocial hazards including psychological distress...
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Increased risk of developing dental diseases in patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome—A secondary cohort analysis of population-based claims data
by Chi-Jou Chuang, Chia-Wen Hsu, Ming-Chi Lu, Malcolm Koo Background Although it is known that patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) have impaired dental conditions, incidence rates and incidence rate ratios of various dental diseases in these patients are not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and prevalence of dental diseases in patients with pSS, and to evaluate the risk of common dental diseases in these patients. Methods A population-based retrospective...
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The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon in older adults with subjective memory complaints
by JungWan Kim, Minyoung Kim, Ji Hye Yoon In older adults with subjective memory complaints (SMCs), featuring a decline in memory but not exhibiting problems during medical examinations and objective memory tests, the weak links between nodes evident in the word retrieval process can be a primary factor for predicting mild cognitive impairment and dementia. This study examined the frequency of the “Tip-of-the-Tongue” (ToT) phenomenon according to age and subjective memory complaints of older...
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Correction: Improved residual fat malabsorption and growth in children with cystic fibrosis treated with a novel oral structured lipid supplement: A randomized controlled trial
by Virginia A. Stallings, Alyssa M. Tindall, Maria R. Mascarenhas, Asim Maqbool, Joan I. Schall
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Are the problem spaces of economic actors increasingly virtual? What geo-located web activity might tell us about economic dynamism
by Timothy R. Wojan, Timothy F. Slaper The principal questions this research will address are: 1) whether a higher propensity to visit websites of interest to actual or nascent entrepreneurs is associated with higher rates of new firms births in an area; 2) whether a higher propensity to visit websites of interest to those working on design problems is associated with the quality of business in terms of orientations toward design or innovation; and 3) whether a higher propensity to visit websites...
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Correction: Proteomics of intracellular freezing survival
by Michael A. S. Thorne, Nina Kočevar Britovšek, Liam Hawkins, Kathryn S. Lilley, Kenneth B. Storey
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Robo-investment aversion
by Paweł Niszczota, Dániel Kaszás In five experiments (N = 3,828), we investigate whether people prefer investment decisions to be made by human investment managers rather than by algorithms (“robos”). In all of the studies we investigate morally controversial companies, as it is plausible that a preference for humans as investment managers becomes exacerbated in areas where machines are less competent, such as morality. In Study 1, participants rated the permissibility of an algorithm to autonomously...
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Correction: The dietary impact of the Norman Conquest: A multiproxy archaeological investigation of Oxford, UK
by Elizabeth Craig-Atkins, Ben Jervis, Lucy Cramp, Simon Hammann, Alexandra J. Nederbragt, Elizabeth Nicholson, Allie Rae Taylor, Helen Whelton, Richard Madgwick
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Preparing GIS data for analysis of stream monitoring data: The R package openSTARS
by Mira Kattwinkel, Eduard Szöcs, Erin Peterson, Ralf B. Schäfer Stream monitoring data provides insights into the biological, chemical and physical status of running waters. Additionally, it can be used to identify drivers of chemical or ecological water quality, to inform related management actions, and to forecast future conditions under land use and global change scenarios. Measurements from sites along the same stream may not be statistically independent, and the R package SSN provides a...
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Correction: Chronic Alcohol Ingestion Increases Mortality and Organ Injury in a Murine Model of Septic Peritonitis
by Benyam P. Yoseph, Elise Breed, Christian E. Overgaard, Christina J. Ward, Zhe Liang, Maylene E. Wagener, Daniel R. Lexcen, Elizabeth R. Lusczek, Greg J. Beilman, Eileen M. Burd, Alton B. Farris, David M. Guidot, Michael Koval, Mandy L. Ford, Craig M. Coopersmith
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Risk factors of lobar lymph node metastases in non-primary tumor-bearing lobes among the patients of non-small-cell lung cancer
by Jingwei Liu, Jian Li, Gang Lin, Zhiqiang Long, Qian Li, Bing Liu Purpose Lobar lymph node metastases in non-primary tumor-bearing lobes (NTBL) are rarely reported. This study examined the risk factors of lobar lymph node metastasis in NTBL. Methods We retrospectively studied 301 patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who underwent surgical pulmonary resection with systematic lymph node dissection plus extended lobar lymph node dissection of NTBL. Patients were classified into positive...
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Quality of life and adjustment in men with prostate cancer: Interplay of stress, threat and resilience
by AnnMarie Groarke, Ruth Curtis, Jean Skelton, Jenny M. Groarke Purpose Diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer can generate many challenges which impact on adjustment, so understanding the psychosocial factors which contribute to individual vulnerability to poor adaptation warrants further investigation. This study investigates stress and masculine identity threat as predictors of quality of life and emotional adjustment in men with localized prostate cancer and the role of resilience as a...
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Kinetic patterns of benign and malignant breast lesions on contrast enhanced digital mammogram
by Jer-Shyung Huang, Huay-Ben Pan, Tsung-Lung Yang, Bao-Hui Hung, Chia-Ling Chiang, Meng-Yuan Tsai, Chen-Pin Chou Purpose To evaluate the kinetic patterns of benign and malignant breast lesions using contrast-enhanced digital mammogram (CEDM). Methods Women with suspicious breast lesions on mammography or ultrasound were enrolled. Single-view mediolateral oblique (MLO) CEDM of an affected breast was acquired at 2, 3, 4, 7, and 10 min after injection of contrast agent. Three readers visually and...
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Work participation and risk factors for health-related job loss among older workers in the Health and Employment after Fifty (HEAF) study: Evidence from a 2-year follow-up period
by Holly E. Syddall, Stefania D’Angelo, Georgia Ntani, Martin Stevens, E. Clare Harris, Catherine H. Linaker, Karen Walker-Bone Introduction Rapidly increasing population old age dependency ratios create a growing economic imperative for people to work to older ages. However, rates of older worker employment are only increasing slowly. Amongst a cohort of contemporary older workers, we investigated risk factors for health-related job loss (HRJL) over 2 years of follow-up. Methods HEAF is a population...
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Incidence, predictors, and timing of post-operative stroke following elective total hip arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty
by Monique S. Haynes, Kareme D. Alder, Kirthi Bellamkonda, Lovemore Kuzomunhu, Jonathan N. Grauer Background Postoperative stroke is a rare but potentially devastating complication following total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The purpose of the current study was to determine the incidence, independent risk factors, and timing of stroke following THA and TKA utilizing the National Surgical Quality Improvement (NSQIP) database. Methods Patients who underwent elective primary...
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Survival of HIV-infected patients with high-grade non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas: A retrospective study of experiences in Zimbabwe
by Maudy C. P. Manyau, Tinashe Mudzviti, Simbarashe Rusakaniko, Elson T. Mberi, Charles C. Maponga, Gene D. Morse Background Rituximab in combination with chemotherapy is now widely accepted as standard of care for AIDS-related lymphomas (ARLs) of B-cell origin. However, the clinical impact of rituximab in resource limited settings remains unknown. Different settings and patient heterogeneity may affect the effect of any given treatment. The study objectives were to determine if rituximab use was...
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Perception of orofacial appearance among laypersons with diverse social and demographic status
by Mohammed Nasser Alhajj, Zaihan Ariffin, Asja Celebić, Abdulaziz A. Alkheraif, Abdullah G. Amran, Ibrahim A. Ismail Background The perception of dentofacial esthetics differs considerably between patients and dentists. Patient’s expectations regarding his/her esthetics are important and should be assessed ahead of any planning of esthetic treatment. The aim of this study was to explore the differences in perception of orofacial appearance by laypersons with different social and demographic status....
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Electrocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> fixation by regenerating reduced cofactor NADH during Calvin Cycle using glassy carbon electrode
by Irshad Ali, Saeid Amiri, Nehar Ullah, Mohammad Younas, Mashallah Rezakazemi In this study, an enzymatic pathway has been developed to replicate the Calvin Cycle by creating the individual steps of the carbon cycle in a bioreactor. The technology known as “artificial photosynthesis” converts CO2 emissions into a variety of intermediates that serve as precursors to high-value products. CO2, light, water, and electricity were used as feedstock. An electrochemical reactor was also studied for...
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Lack of RAC1 in macrophages protects against atherosclerosis
by Sashidar Bandaru, Chandu Ala, Matias Ekstrand, Murali K. Akula, Matteo Pedrelli, Xi Liu, Göran Bergström, Liliana Håversen, Jan Borén, Martin O. Bergo, Levent M. Akyürek The Rho GTPase RAC1 is an important regulator of cytoskeletal dynamics, but the role of macrophage-specific RAC1 has not been explored during atherogenesis. We analyzed RAC1 expression in human carotid atherosclerotic plaques using immunofluorescence and found higher macrophage RAC1 expression in advanced plaques compared with...
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The effectiveness of body age-based intervention in workplace health promotion: Results of a cohort study on 9851 Danish employees
by Karina L. S. Husted, Sune Dandanell, Janne Petersen, Flemming Dela, Jørn W. Helge Introduction The aging population emphasize the need for effective health promotion interventions. The workplace is a prioritized setting for health promotion to reach widely within a population. Body age can be used as a health-risk estimate and as a motivational tool to change health behavior. In this study we investigate body age-based intervention including motivational interview and its effect on health, when...
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Mothers’ and Grandmothers’ misconceptions and socio-cultural factors as barriers to exclusive breastfeeding: A qualitative study involving Health Workers in two rural districts of Ghana
by Christiana Nsiah-Asamoah, David Teye Doku, Samuel Agblorti Background Education on exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) practices is usually given in the form of health talks by health workers (HWs). The need for HWs to be well-informed about cultural practices and misconceptions that act as barriers to EBF has been documented in literature. This information can guide HWs in developing interventions such as health talks which are culturally sensitive. However, this has not been explored from the perspectives...
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Effect of smoking on tuberculosis treatment outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
by Abay Burusie, Fikre Enquesilassie, Adamu Addissie, Berhe Dessalegn, Tafesse Lamaro Introduction Numerous studies have explored an effect of cigarette smoking on tuberculosis treatment outcomes but with dissimilar conclusions. Objective To determine the effect of cigarette smoking on tuberculosis treatment outcomes. Methods PubMed, Cochrane library and Google scholar databases were searched last on February 27, 2019. We applied the random-effects model for the analysis. Publication bias was assessed...
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Standardized metrics can reveal region-specific opportunities in community engagement to aid recruitment in HIV prevention trials
by Gail B. Broder, Jonathan P. Lucas, Jontraye Davis, Stephaun E. Wallace, Nandisile Luthuli, Kagisho Baepanye, Rhonda R. White, Marcus Bolton, Cheryl Blanchette, Michele P. Andrasik Good Participatory Practice (GPP) guidelines support and direct community engagement practices in biomedical HIV prevention trials, however no standardized metrics define the implementation and evaluation of these practices. Collaboratively, the Community Program staff of the HIV Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN) and...
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Antimicrobial activity of organic acids against <i>Campylobacter</i> spp. and development of combinations—A synergistic effect?
by Elisa Peh, Sophie Kittler, Felix Reich, Corinna Kehrenberg Contaminated poultry meat is considered to be the main source of human infection with Campylobacter spp., a pathogen that asymptomatically colonizes broiler chickens during fattening and contaminates carcasses during slaughter. To prevent or reduce the colonization of broiler flocks with Campylobacter spp., applying different organic acids, especially in combinations, via feed or drinking water seems to be a promising approach. However,...
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Increasing tendency of urine protein is a risk factor for rapid eGFR decline in patients with CKD: A machine learning-based prediction model by using a big database
by Daijo Inaguma, Akimitsu Kitagawa, Ryosuke Yanagiya, Akira Koseki, Toshiya Iwamori, Michiharu Kudo, Yukio Yuzawa Artificial intelligence is increasingly being adopted in medical fields to predict various outcomes. In particular, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is problematic because it often progresses to end-stage kidney disease. However, the trajectories of kidney function depend on individual patients. In this study, we propose a machine learning-based model to predict the rapid decline in kidney...
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Developing a Multi-Criteria Decision Making approach to compare types of classroom furniture considering mismatches for anthropometric measures of university students
by Pooya Khoshabi, Erfan Nejati, Seyyede Fatemeh Ahmadi, Ali Chegini, Ahmad Makui, Rouzbeh Ghousi The mismatch between students’ anthropometric measures and school furniture dimensions have been investigated in many countries. In Iran, collegians spend at least a quarter of the day hours at university in the sitting position, so it is essential to evaluate furniture mismatch among university students. In Iranian universities, the use of chairs with an attached table is widespread, while the...
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SARS-CoV-2 positivity rates associated with circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels
by Harvey W. Kaufman, Justin K. Niles, Martin H. Kroll, Caixia Bi, Michael F. Holick Until treatment and vaccine for coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) becomes widely available, other methods of reducing infection rates should be explored. This study used a retrospective, observational analysis of deidentified tests performed at a national clinical laboratory to determine if circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels are associated with severe acute respiratory disease coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)...
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Deficiency of activation-induced cytidine deaminase in a murine model of ulcerative colitis
by Laura P. Hale Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have an increased risk of colorectal cancer, particularly in ulcerative colitis (UC) when the majority of colon epithelial cells may be exposed to inflammation-associated mutagenesis. In addition to mutagenesis generated by oxidative stress, inflammation can induce activation-induced cytidine deaminase (Aicda), a mutator enzyme in the APOBEC family, within colon epithelial cells. This study tested the hypothesis that deletion of the...
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Characterization of zika virus infection of human fetal cardiac mesenchymal stromal cells
by Fiorella Rossi, Benjamin Josey, Ece Canan Sayitoglu, Renee Potens, Tolga Sultu, Adil Doganay Duru, Vladimir Beljanski Zika virus (ZIKV) is a single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the family Flaviviridae. ZIKV predominantly enters cells using the TAM-family protein tyrosine kinase receptor AXL, which is expressed on a range of cell types, including neural progenitor cells, keratinocytes, dendritic cells, and osteoblasts. ZIKV infections have been associated with fetal brain damage, which prompted...
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Group B streptococcal colonization: Prevalence and impact of smoking in women delivering term or near term neonates in a large tertiary care hospital in the southern United States
by Philip Kum-Nji, Linda Meloy, John Pierce, Amanda Ritter, Rachel Wheeler Background and hypothesis The role of smoking as a risk factor for group B streptococcal (GBS) colonization in women during pregnancy has not been previously adequately explored. We hypothesized that women of term or near term neonates who smoked during pregnancy were more likely to have GBS colonization than their non-smoking counterparts. Methods The electronic health records (EHRs) of a convenience sample of women delivering...
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Clinical, laboratory and radiological characteristics and outcomes of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection in humans: A systematic review and series of meta-analyses
by Israel Júnior Borges do Nascimento, Thilo Caspar von Groote, Dónal P. O’Mathúna, Hebatullah Mohamed Abdulazeem, Catherine Henderson, Umesh Jayarajah, Ishanka Weerasekara, Tina Poklepovic Pericic, Henning Edgar Gerald Klapproth, Livia Puljak, Nensi Cacic, Irena Zakarija-Grkovic, Silvana Mangeon Meirelles Guimarães, Alvaro Nagib Atallah, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, Milena Soriano Marcolino, Ana Marusic, Ana Jeroncic, On behalf of the International Task Force Network of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (InterNetCOVID-19)...
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MiR103a-3p and miR107 are related to adaptive coping in a cluster of fibromyalgia patients
by Alexandra Braun, Dimitar Evdokimov, Johanna Frank, Claudia Sommer, Nurcan Üçeyler Background MicroRNA (miRNA) mainly inhibit post-transcriptional gene expression of specific targets and may modulate disease severity. Objective We aimed to identify miRNA signatures distinguishing patient clusters with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). Subjects and methods We previously determined four FMS patient clusters labelled “maladaptive”, “adaptive”, “vulnerable”, and “resilient”. Here, we cluster-wise assessed...
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Histological and mechanical comparisons of arytenoid cartilage between 4 brachycephalic and 8 non-brachycephalic dogs: A pilot study
by Satoshi Tokunaga, E. J. Ehrhart, Eric Monnet Brachycephalic airway syndrome (BAS) is a well-established cause of respiratory distress in dogs. BAS without surgical correction results in eventual laryngeal collapse. Arytenoid lateralization has been used to treat severe laryngeal collapse with some highly variable results. Chondromalacia and decreased stiffness of the arytenoid cartilage has been postulated a source of failure after arytenoid lateralization but no report of the histological...
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