Future Oncology, Ahead of Print. (Source: Future Oncology)
Future Oncology, Ahead of Print. (Source: Future Oncology)
Future Oncology, Ahead of Print. (Source: Future Oncology)
Future Oncology, Ahead of Print. (Source: Future Oncology)
Future Oncology, Ahead of Print. (Source: Future Oncology)
Future Oncology, Ahead of Print. (Source: Future Oncology)
Future Oncology, Ahead of Print. (Source: Future Oncology)
Future Oncology, Ahead of Print. (Source: Future Oncology)
Future Oncology, Ahead of Print. (Source: Future Oncology)
Future Oncology, Ahead of Print. (Source: Future Oncology)
Future Oncology, Ahead of Print. (Source: Future Oncology)
Future Oncology, Ahead of Print. (Source: Future Oncology)
Future Oncology,Volume 16, Issue 26, Page 1997-2006, September 2020. (Source: Future Oncology)
Future Oncology, Ahead of Print. (Source: Future Oncology)
Future Oncology, Ahead of Print. (Source: Future Oncology)
Future Oncology, Ahead of Print. (Source: Future Oncology)
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Nature Reviews Cancer, Published online: 20 October 2020; doi:10.1038/s41568-020-00306-0This Review discusses how altered processing or activity of coding and non-coding RNAs contributes to cancer, introducing the regulation of gene expression by coding and non-coding RNA and discussing both established and emerging roles for RNAs in cancer.
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ConclusionThe short-term rehabilitation was beneficial but of limited benefit in the long term for all patients. A significant and clinically relevant effect was found in irradiated prostate cancer patients with moderate-severe urinary problems at baseline. In both groups, pelvic floor strength was weakened during follow-up.Impact for cancer survivorsPrior research showed patients benefit from early rehabilitation. Identification of patients with moderate-severe urinary problems followed by a focused...
ConclusionHaving more SAT was associated with more fatigue at diagnosis, while low levels of SMR were associated with more fatigue at 6 months post-diagnosis.Implications for Cancer SurvivorsOur results suggest that it may be interesting to investigate whether interventions that aim to increase SMR around the time of diagnosis may help to lower fatigue. However, more knowledge is needed to understand the mechanisms behind the association of SMR with fatigue. (Source: Journal of Cancer Survivorship)
ConclusionsCaregivers for African American cancer survivors provide many hours of care, yet most describe their CGB as low. Although ADL assistance is often available through the healthcare system, assistance with IADLs presents an opportunity to lessen the burden for these caregivers and their care recipients.Implications for Cancer SurvivorsAfrican American cancer survivors receive much care from informal family caregivers, who assist with multiple ADLs and IADLs. Formal IADL assistance programs,...
ConclusionsOverall DQ improvements made during a weight loss intervention for rural breast cancer survivors were sustained during a weight loss maintenance intervention; this intervention was effective in helping low regainers maintain healthier scores in fruit, red meat, and sugar-sweetened beverage components.Implications for Cancer SurvivorsMaintaining higher DQ may help breast cancer survivors maintain weight loss, thereby reducing risk of breast cancer recurrence and premature death from comorbidities....
ConclusionsMen with prostate cancer have a higher risk of receiving antidepressant medication than cancer-free men. Clinical characteristics can help clinicians in identifying patients at a high risk of depression or anxiety.Implications for Cancer SurvivorsMen with prostate cancer who experience symptoms of depression or anxiety should seek professional help early on. Patient education could aid in raising awareness and reducing the stigma associated with mental disorders. (Source: Journal of Cancer...
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Osimertinib is the standard of care for patients with advanced epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who develop EGFR T790M-mediated failure from first- or second-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) [1 –4]. Approximately 70% of EGFR T790M-positive patients respond to osimertinib; however, resistance eventually develops after a median response of 10 months due to various EGFR-dependent and -independent mechanisms [3–7]. Current National Comprehensive...
Worldwide, 30,443 cases of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) are diagnosed annually [1]. Incidence has plateaued in the USA and Western Europe but is still rising in Eastern Europe and Asia, reflecting continued asbestos use. The prognosis for MPM is poor. Many patients experience severe chest pain and breathlessness and most die within a year of diagnosis. (Source: Lung Cancer)
The authors regret that four authors were erroneously omitted from the authorship list of this abstract. The correct authorship list is presented above. (Source: Lung Cancer)
Neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) are a heterogeneous group of hormone-secreting neoplasms that arise from the diffuse endocrine system [1]. They are relatively rare and comprise ∼0.9 % of all tumours, with an incidence of seven per 100,000 per year [2,3]. The majority of NETs (61 %) derive from gastroenteropancreatic tissues; 27 % are bronchial in origin [2]. Bronchial NETs arise from pulmonary neuroendocrine cells [4]. They are categorised by the World Health Organisatio n (WHO) into four morphological...
The authors regret that the in-text citations relating to a “Supplementary Figure” in Section 3.2 and Section 4 of the above article are incorrect. The correct in-text citations should lead readers to Fig. 5c. (Source: Lung Cancer)
Lung cancer is the most lethal malignancy worldwide, whereas non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 83% of lung cancer cases[1,2]. More than two-thirds of lung cancers are diagnosed at a locally advanced or metastatic stage, and modern immunotherapy is essential to improve patient outcomes in such cases[2,3]. Programmed cell death-1 (PD1)/programmed cell death ligand-1 (PDL1) inhibitors (e.g., pembrolizumab and atezolizumab) are the main drugs used for lung cancer immunotherapy, and the...
Standard first-line chemotherapy for patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) consists of a platinum salt (carboplatin or cisplatin) in combination with etoposide [1,2]. Recently, atezolizumab [3] or durvalumab [4] plus carboplatin/etoposide showed improved survival compared to chemotherapy alone, and both have been approved by the US FDA as first-line therapy. However, therapeutic options are limited once patients with SCLC have relapsed disease. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN)...
For patients with stage II –IIIA non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the current standard-of-care modality is surgery followed by adjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy [1,2]. However, the 5-year survival rate is only 19 %–46 % [3], and high toxicity and low compliance with this combined modality approach makes its benefit -risk ratio more unfavorable. To address this unmet medical need, the ADJUVANT study was conducted to test whether the epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor...
Lung neuroendocrine tumors are comprised of several subtypes of pulmonary malignancies including large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC), small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), typical carcinoids (TC), and atypical carcinoids (AC). Approximately 20% of all pulmonary malignancies are neuroendocrine in origin with LCNEC representing only approximately 2-3% of all lung cancers [1]. LCNEC and SCLC exhibit similar clinical features such as increased incidence in older males with a history of smoking, high...
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide [1,2]. Targeting oncogenic driver mutations has transformed the care of cancer patients. Targeted agents currently approved for the treatment of EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients include the first-generation reversible EGFR tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKIs), erlotinib and gefitinib, the second-generation irreversible EGFR TKIs, such as afatinib and dacomitinib, and the recently approved third-generation EGFR TKI, osimertinib...
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare and extremely aggressive tumor responsible for over 27,000 deaths per year worldwide ([1,2]). First-line therapeutic approaches include surgery, radiations, and chemotherapy ([2,3]). Regrettably, MPMs are refractory to standard treatments, as demonstrated by the short median overall survival rate (9.5 months) ([3]). A new possible treatment opportunity for MPM patients stems from the introduction of a new class of immunotherapeutic drugs, known as immune...
Primary tumour volume (T-volume) is a critical determinant of survival and a key component of Tumor, Node, Metastases (TNM) cancer staging. Simple surrogates of tumour volume, such as unidimensional measurements perform well in many cancers (e.g. Lung Cancer) [1], but Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (MPM) forms a complex, rind-like primary tumor that is difficult to accurately measure. As a result, current T-staging describes only the extent of invasion into adjacent tissues and does not account for...
In the article by Yang et al. [1], it was identified that lung cancer patients with MET exon 14 (METex14) alterations achieve longer progression-free survival on crizotinib than on chemotherapy. Unfortunately, there were no significant differences in overall survival between these two subgroups. In addition, the prevalence of METex14 alterations was only 1.1 % in Chinese lung cancer patients, and the therapeutic strategies for cancers with MET non-ex14 mutations, such as MET kinase domain or semaphorin...
Angiogenesis is a complex process involving the interaction between tumour cells, growth factors and cells within the tumour microenvironment (TME). The purported primary stimulus for angiogenesis in the TME is the hypoxia-driven activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 α, and the subsequent activation of VEGF, along with many other growth factors including platelet derived growth factors, endothelial growth factors and fibroblast growth factor.1–3 The interaction between these cells within the TME...
Discovery of somatic mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has improved the survival of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring EGFR mutations. However, lung tumors inevitably acquire resistance to EGFR-TKIs within 18 months [1 –3]. To develop potent alternative treatment strategies, EGFR-TKI-resistant tumors have been widely examined, and multiple resistance mechanisms, such as EGFR T790 M mutation, MET amplification,...
Lung cancer, which consists of approximately 80% non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 20% small cell lung cancer, has remained leading cause of all cancer deaths worldwide. The advances in targeted therapies against several driver mutations such as EGFR and ALK and immunotherapy have drastically improved 5-years survival of NSCLC patients (up to 19%) for the past decade in the USA [1]. Treatment of NSCLCs with activating EGFR mutations (e.g., 19del and L858R) using EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors...
In lung cancer surgery, systematic mediastinal lymphadenectomy (SML) is the golden standard for the histological staging of lymph node spread [1]. But thorough nodal dissection may prolong operative time and drainage, and increase damage of adjacent mediastinal structures [2]. Therefore, many surgeons avoid SML, and instead perform limited mediastinal lymphadenectomy (LML, less invasive lymphadenectomy or even omitting N2 nodal dissection) [3]. However, incomplete mediastinal nodal dissection may...
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations have become a routine genetic test in the molecular diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Although rarely, the germ-line EGFR variants, including R776X, T790 M, V843I and P848 L, have been reported (less than 0.1%) 1,2. Notably, EGFR V843I is associated with resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy and 1st-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as gefitinib, erlotinib 3,4. Matsushima et al. demonstrated that EGFR V843I mutation...
Non –small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide 1. The incidence and mortality of lung cancer are among the highest of all cancers 2. NSCLC sometimes presents without any symptoms, and therefore, in the majority of patients, the disease is in an advanced stage when t he patients are admitted to the hospital 3. For advanced-stage NSCLC, the use of combined platinum-based chemotherapy has its limitations, and the efficacy of this treatment is poor. Researchers have...
In the past decades the epidermal growth factor receptor gene (EGFR) has become an important therapeutic target for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), particularly in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. The development of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) has revolutionized the treatment of NSCLC in patients harboring EGFR mutations [1,2]. Although more than half of Chinese patients with advanced NSCLC are found to have EGFR mutations, EGFR-TKIs are primarily administered...
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangement counts for approximately 5 % –7 % of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) [1]. This kind of fusion represents a distinct mechanism of driver mutation in NSCLC. More than 19 different fusion partners have been identified in cancer patients [2]. The fusion of echinoderm microtubule-associated protein like 4 (EML4) and ALK is the most common fusion pattern, which occurred in at least 80 % ALK positive lung cancers [3,4]. (Source: Lung Cancer)
Lung cancer is the second most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in both men and women [1]. Low lung cancer survival rates reflect the large proportion of patients diagnosed with metastatic disease, for which the 5-year relative survival rate is 5 %, far lower than a 57 % survival rate in patients with localized stage disease [1]. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for nearly 90 % of lung cancer cases, and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) represents the most common histologic...
Annual screening for lung cancer using low-dose CT (LDCT) has been implemented in the United States since 2015 [1] based primarily on the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) [2] and cohort studies [3]. The initial decision to perform screening annually was based on typical volume doubling times (VDTs) of lung cancers and modeling results [4,5], but some suggest it is not based on biologic evidence [6]. Changing the screening interval to two years or even longer intervals has been suggested [6 –15]...
Lung cancer remains the most common cancer worldwide and the most frequent cause of cancer death [1], with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounting for 85 –90 % of all cases [2]. Around 70 % of patients with NSCLC present with advanced disease at initial diagnosis, for which there are limited successful treatment options. A median overall survival (OS) of 12.3–22.0 months has been reported in patients with advanced NSCLC [3–5]. (Source: Lung Cancer)
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