Effect of a novel quaternary ammonium silane cavity disinfectant on cariogenic biofilm formation

Effect of a novel quaternary ammonium silane cavity disinfectant on cariogenic biofilm formation:

Abstract

Objective

Evaluate effect of quaternary ammonium silane (QAS) cavity disinfectant on cariogenic biofilm.

Materials and methods

Single- (Streptococcus mutans or Lactobacillus acidophilus), dual- (Streptococcus mutans/Lactobacillus Acidophilus), and multi-species (Streptococcus mutans, Actinomyces naeslundii, and Streptococcus sanguis) biofilms were grown on acid-etched dentine discs. Biofilms were incubated (120 min/37 °C) and allowed to grow for 3 days anaerobically. Discs (no treatment) served as control (group 1). Groups II, III, IV, and V were then treated with 2% chlorhexidine, and 2%, 5%, and 10% QAS (20 s). Discs were returned to well plates with 300 μL of bacterial suspension and placed in anaerobic incubator at 37 °C and biofilms redeveloped for 4 days. Confocal microscopy, Raman, CFU, and MTT assay were performed.

Results

Raman peaks show shifts at 1450 cm⁻¹, 1453 cm⁻¹, 1457 cm⁻¹, 1460 cm⁻¹, and 1462 cm⁻¹ for control, 2% CHX, 2%, 5%, and 10% QAS groups in multi-species biofilms. There was reduction of 484 cm⁻¹ band in 10% QAS group. CLSM revealed densely clustered green colonies in control group and red confluent QAS-treated biofilms with significantly lower log CFU for single/dual species. Metabolic activities of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus decreased with increasing QAS exposure time.

Conclusion

Quaternary ammonium silanes possess antimicrobial activities and inhibit growth of cariogenic biofilms.

Clinical significance

Available data demonstrated use of QAS as potential antibacterial cavity disinfectant in adhesive dentistry. Experimental QAS can effectively eliminate caries-forming bacteria, when used inside a prepared cavity, and can definitely overcome problems associated with present available cavity disinfectants.