Publication date: Available online 20 July 2019Source: Biological PsychologyAuthor(s): Salvatore Russo, Nicholas Burns, Irina BaetuAbstractWe investigated whether the temporal dynamics of attention could be used to reconcile exploitative and explorative attentional learning theories. Participants trained on a categorisation task where some stimuli were predictive (P) of the correct response while others were non-predictive (NP). These stimuli were then used in a dot probe task in which we varied...
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Publication date: Available online 20 July 2019Source: Bioorganic & Medicinal ChemistryAuthor(s): Muhammad Taha, Sadia Sultan, Syahrul Imran, Fazal Rahim, Khalid Zaman, Abdul Wadood, Ashfaq Ur Rehman, Nizam Uddin, Khalid Mohammed KhanAbstractIn searchof the potenttherapeutic agent as an α-glucosidase inhibitor, we have synthesized twenty-five analogs (1-25) of quinoline-based Schiff bases as an inhibitoragainst α-glucosidase enzyme under positive control acarbose (IC50 = 38.45 ± 0.80 µM). From...
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Publication date: 1 October 2019Source: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Volume 138Author(s): Hye-Rim Jung, Jong-Min Jeon, Da-Hye Yi, Hun-Suk Song, Soo-Yeon Yang, Tae-Rim Choi, Shashi Kant Bhatia, Jeong-Jun Yoon, Yun-Gon Kim, Christopher J. Brigham, Yung-Hun YangAbstractOne of the advantages of microbial synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) is the production of diverse polymers with different properties by the addition of different monomers, such as 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB),...
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Publication date: 1 October 2019Source: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Volume 138Author(s): Ritutama Ghosh, Sonya K. Bharathkar, Nand KishoreAbstractBinding of anticancer drug altretamine with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and its inhibitory effect on fibrillation of the protein has been studied by using a combination of spectroscopic and calorimetric methods. Altretamine is observed to bind with BSA with a moderate binding affinity of the order of 105, which is weakly temperature...
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Publication date: October 2019Source: Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Volume 118Author(s): Jiaojiao Dong, Xiaona Feng, Jingxiong Zhang, Yujian Zhang, Fangfang Xia, Le Liu, Zhousheng Jin, Caijiao Lu, Yun Xia, Thomas J. Papadimos, Xuzhong XuAbstractω-3 fish oil fat emulsions contain a considerable quantity of unsaturated carbon-carbon double bonds, which undergo lipid peroxidation to yield low-dose aldehydes. These aldehydes may stimulate the production of antioxidant enzymes, thereby mitigating...
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Publication date: October 2019Source: Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Volume 118Author(s): Wencui Wan, Weiwei Wan, Yang Long, Qiuming Li, Xuemin Jin, Guangming Wan, Fengyan Zhang, Yong Lv, Guangying Zheng, Zhigang Li, Yu ZhuAbstractAberrant expression of microRNAs plays an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of retinoblastoma. MiR-25, a member of the miR-106b˜25 cluster, has been reported to be abnormally expressed in retinoblastoma, but the exact role of it remains unclear. In...
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Publication date: October 2019Source: Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Volume 118Author(s): Xiaoying Liu, Chang Xu, Yuan Tian, Yan Sun, Juanjuan Zhang, Jingkun Bai, Zhifang Pan, Weiguo Feng, Mengge Xu, Chuanji Li, Jinyue Li, Yuguang GaoAbstractThe elaborate modulation of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily signaling network plays an essential role in tooth morphogenesis and differentiation. In our previous studies, we have demonstrated that TGF-β1 promotes enamel mineralization...
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Publication date: October 2019Source: Current Opinion in Neurobiology, Volume 58Author(s): Patrick J DrewNeural activity in the brain is usually coupled to increases in local cerebral blood flow, leading to the increase in oxygenation that generates the BOLD fMRI signal. Recent work has begun to elucidate the vascular and neural mechanisms underlying the BOLD signal. The dilatory response is distributed throughout the vascular network. Arteries actively dilate within a second following neural activity...
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Publication date: Available online 21 July 2019Source: Archives of Oral BiologyAuthor(s): Miseon Park, John B. Sutherland, Fatemeh Rafii
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Publication date: Available online 20 July 2019Source: BiochimieAuthor(s): Mi-Yeon Jeon, Seung Un Seo, Seon Min Woo, Kyoung-jin Min, Hee Sun Byun, Gang Min Hur, Sun Chul Kang, Taeg Kyu KwonAbstractOridonin is a diterpenoid isolated from the Rabdosia rubescens and has multiple biological effects, such as anti-inflammation and anti-tumor activities. In present study, we revealed that the sensitizing effect of oridonin on tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis...
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Publication date: 1 October 2019Source: Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Volume 142Author(s): Yanan Bai, Youlan Qu, Zhenhua Wu, Yijiu Ren, Zule Cheng, Yunxing Lu, Jie Hu, Jiatao Lou, Jianlong Zhao, Chang Chen, Hongju MaoAbstractEmerging evidence indicates that extracellular vesicle (EV) long non-coding ribonucleic acids (lncRNAs) in lung cancer may be clinically useful biomarkers for early diagnosis using liquid biopsy. However, the extremely low quantities of EV-lncRNAs in peripheral blood are a major...
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Publication date: Available online 21 July 2019Source: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - BioenergeticsAuthor(s): Nicola Giangregorio, Annamaria Tonazzi, Lara Console, Mariella Pistillo, Vito Scalera, Cesare IndiveriAbstractThe mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier (CACT) catalyzes an antiport of carnitine and acylcarnitines and also a uniport reaction with a rate of about one tenth with respect to the antiport rate. The antiport process results from the coupling of the two uniport reactions...
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Grandmother cells constitute a hypothesis of how familiar visual categories are identified, but the primary evidence against them comes from studies that have assessed how neurons respond to unfamiliar visual categories. This review summarizes the existing research and shows that grandmother cells are consistent with current evidence. There is widespread agreement in neuroscience and psychology that the visual system identifies objects and faces based on a pattern of activation over many neurons,...
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