BACKGROUND:Asthma is defined by airway inflammation associated with various respiratory symptoms, and pharmacologic treatment is based on inhaled corticosteroids and bronchodilators. Physical activity, educational training, nutritional support, and psychological counseling are considered part of non-pharmacologic treatment; however, studies so far have investigated the effect of single non-pharmacologic treatment. There are few studies that demonstrate the effect of comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation,...
Mon Nov 25, 2019 11:31
BACKGROUND:Clinical benefits of inhaled therapies are related to the amount of drug deposited in the targeted area of the lung. Body positions that influence the distribution of lung ventilation should impact lung deposition of the nebulized drug. The aim of this study was to analyze the immediate effect of body position while the subject lies on his side (lateral decubitus) during nebulization on 3-dimensional total and regional lung deposition.METHODS:A randomized crossover trial was performed...
Mon Nov 25, 2019 11:31
BACKGROUND:New-generation ventilators display dynamic measures of respiratory mechanics, such as compliance, resistance, and auto-PEEP. Knowledge of the respiratory mechanics is paramount to clinicians at the bedside. These calculations are obtained automatically by using the least squares fitting method of the equation of motion. The accuracy of these calculations in static and dynamic conditions have not been fully validated or examined in different clinical conditions or various ventilator modes.METHODS:A...
Mon Nov 25, 2019 11:31
BACKGROUND:Patients with COPD are at a high risk for pulmonary embolism (PE) because of systemic inflammation and co-existing comorbidities. We aimed to determine the incidence, risk factors, and impact of PE during COPD exacerbation requiring mechanical ventilation.METHODS:This prospective cohort study was conducted between March 2013 and May 2017. Subjects with severe COPD exacerbation requiring mechanical ventilation were included. A lower-limb ultrasonography or a multidetector helical computed...
Mon Nov 25, 2019 11:31
BACKGROUND:Obesity-hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) is defined as the combination of obesity (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2) and daytime arterial hypercapnia (PaCO2 > 45 mm Hg) in the absence of other causes of hypoventilation, and can lead to acute hypercapnic respiratory failure in the ICU. Our objective was to describe the ventilatory management and outcomes of subjects with OHS who were admitted to the ICU for acute hypercapnic respiratory failure.METHODS:We retrospectively built a cohort of subjects...
Mon Nov 25, 2019 11:31
The clinical approach to the critically ill patient has changed dramatically over the last several decades from one of deep sedation to that of mobilizing patients on mechanical ventilation and limiting sedation. The ABCDEF bundle is a multidisciplinary, evidence-based approach to the holistic management of critically ill patients that aims to optimize patient recovery, minimize iatrogenesis, and engage and empower the patient and family during their hospitalization. To achieve this goal, the bundle...
Mon Nov 25, 2019 11:31
Just over 100 years ago, John Scott Haldane published a seminal report about the therapeutic potential of supplemental oxygen to treat hypoxemia. In the 1980s, a pair of clinical trials confirmed the benefit of long-term oxygen therapy in improving survival in patients with COPD associated with severe resting hypoxemia. This review provides a summary of evidence supporting long-term and short-term oxygen therapy, as well as the various types of oxygen equipment commonly used in homes to deliver supplemental...
Mon Nov 25, 2019 11:31
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a well-known complication of invasive mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients. The presence of an endotracheal tube (ETT) is one of the major culprits for VAP development: air flow moves pathogens toward the distal airways, while clearance of the trachea is blunted due to reduced tracheal ciliary movement and impaired cough. Several measures are recognized as being useful to prevent VAP, and these are usually grouped in a VAP bundle (ie, avoiding...
Mon Nov 25, 2019 11:31
Mon Nov 25, 2019 11:31
Sun Nov 24, 2019 19:23
Abstract Background The ACTIVATE Trial examined the efficacy of a wearable‐based intervention to increase physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviour in breast cancer survivors. This paper examines the effects of the intervention on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and fatigue at 12 weeks (T2; end of intervention) and 24 weeks (T3; follow‐up). Methods Inactive and postmenopausal women who had completed primary treatment for stage I‐III breast cancer were randomized to intervention...
Sun Nov 24, 2019 19:19
Abstract As one of the dominant waterfowl species of wetland areas in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, since 2003, artificial rearing of bar-headed geese (Anser indicus) has increased in several provinces of China for the purpose of conservation and economic development. In this study, we systematically characterized the microbial community diversity, compositions and predicted functions of semi-artificially reared bar-headed geese by sampling five different gut locations (the oropharynxs,...
Mon Nov 25, 2019 02:00
In the original article, the author names were published incorrectly. The names are correct in this publication.
Mon Nov 25, 2019 02:00
Abstract Objectives Documenting the variety of quadrupedal walking gaits in a variety of marsupials (arboreal vs. terrestrial, with and without grasping hind feet), to aid in developing and refining a general theory of gait evolution in primates. Materials and Methods Video records of koalas, ringtail possums, tree kangaroos, sugar gliders, squirrel gliders, wombats, numbats, quolls, a thylacine, and an opossum walking on a variety of substrates were made and analyzed to derive duty factors...
Sun Nov 24, 2019 22:00
Abstract Objectives This study aimed to test the taxonomic utility of the catarrhine supraorbital region using 3D geometric morphometrics, with the aim of establishing its potential use in elucidating the position of more debated hominin groups. Materials and Methods 230 3D coordinates were used to record the supraorbital morphology of two datasets: one containing 460 non‐hominin catarrhine primates from species and subspecies of Gorilla, Pan, Papio, and Macaca; and the other containing...
Sun Nov 24, 2019 18:10
Abstract Objectives The dexterity of fossil hominins is often inferred by assessing the comparative manual anatomy and behaviors of extant hominids, with a focus on the thumb. The aim of this study is to test whether trabecular structure is consistent with what is currently known about habitually loaded thumb postures across extant hominids. Materials and methods We analyze first metacarpal (Mc1) subarticular trabecular architecture in humans (Homo sapiens, n = 10), bonobos (Pan paniscus,...
Sun Nov 24, 2019 18:08
Sun Nov 24, 2019 17:30
Abstract The germ theory of disease and the attendant public health initiatives, including sanitation, vaccination, and antibiotic treatment, led to dramatic increases in global life expectancy. As the prevalence of infectious disease declines, mental disorders are emerging as major contributors to the global burden of disease. Scientists understand little about the etiology of mental disorders, however, and many of the most popular psychopharmacological treatments, such as antidepressants and antipsychotics,...
Sun Nov 24, 2019 17:28
Background Previous research suggests that Adventists, who often follow vegetarian diets, live longer and have lower risks for many cancers than others, but there are no national data and little published comparative data for black subjects. Methods This study compared all‐cause mortality and cancer incidence between the nationally inclusive Adventist Health Study 2 (AHS‐2) and nonsmokers in US Census populations: the National Longitudinal Mortality Study (NLMS) and its Surveillance, Epidemiology,...
Mon Nov 25, 2019 11:23
Background and Objective Wound healing in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients is one of the major health concerns globally. Intense pulsed light (IPL) has been widely used in cosmetic dermatology via mechanisms involving fibroblast stimulation, collagen synthesis, and dermal remodeling, which are events that also occur during the process of wound healing. This present study was aimed to evaluate the possible beneficial effect of IPL on the wound healing in diabetic rats. Materials and Methods Diabetes...
Sun Nov 24, 2019 18:49
Abstract Programmed cell death‐1 (PD‐1) pathway inhibition in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has demonstrated inconsistent efficacy regarding human papillomavirus (HPV) status and PD‐L1 expression. This study compared outcomes in HNSCC in the context of PD‐L1 and HPV expression. Outcomes: PD‐L1 and HPV expression; overall survival (OS), and tumor response (ORR). 1088 patients received PD‐1/L1 inhibitors. Four methodologies were identified in determining PD‐L1 expression, most commonly...
Sun Nov 24, 2019 21:16
Abstract Background There is no mechanism to predict health utility (HU) values from the University of Washington Quality of Life Questionnaire (UWQoL) scores. We sought to develop a mapping algorithm capable of using UWQoL data to approximate HU scores. Methods Outpatients with head and neck cancer completed the UWQoL, EQ‐5D, and the Health Utilities Index‐Mark 3 (HUI‐3). Results of the UWQoL were mapped onto both EQ‐5D and HUI‐3 scores using ordinary least‐squares regression models. Two‐part...
Sun Nov 24, 2019 21:04
Abstract Background Salivary gland cancers (SGCs) are rare. The approach to metastatic patients is histology‐dependent. There is little evidence on whether next‐generation sequencing (NGS) findings translate to tumor control in SGCs. Methods We analyzed all patients with histologically confirmed SGC who underwent NGS. Results Twenty‐seven patients were identified, 14 (51.8%) had targetable findings in NGS: 5 ERBB2 amplifications, 3 PIK3CA mutations, 2 RUNX1 mutations, 1 TRIM33‐RET...
Sun Nov 24, 2019 21:00
Abstract The use of predictive models is becoming widespread. However, these models should be developed appropriately (CHecklist for critical Appraisal and data extraction for systematic Reviews of prediction Modeling Studies [CHARMS] and Prediction model Risk Of Bias ASsessment Tool [PROBAST] statements). Concerning mortality/recurrence in oropharyngeal cancer, we are not aware of any systematic reviews of the predictive models. We carried out a systematic review of the MEDLINE/EMBASE databases...
Sun Nov 24, 2019 20:56
Abstract Introduction Warthin's tumor (WT) is a common benign salivary gland neoplasm with a negligible risk of malignant transformation. However, there is a risk of malignant tumors being misdiagnosed as WT on cytology and inappropriately managed conservatively. Methods Patients from nine centers in Italy and the United Kingdom undergoing parotid surgery for cytologically diagnosed WT were included in this multicenter retrospective series. Definitive histology was compared with preoperative...
Sun Nov 24, 2019 20:55
Assessment of negative affective states is a key component of animal welfare research. In laying hens, excessive fearfulness results in reduced production and increased sensitivity to stress. Fearfulness can be defined as a response to a known threat, but anxiety is a response to an unknown threat and may have similar negative consequences. The open field test and tonic immobility test are commonly applied to measure fearfulness in laying hens. An attention bias test that measured individual hen’s...
Mon Nov 25, 2019 02:00
The C2H2 zinc finger protein (C2H2-ZFP) transcription factor family regulates the expression of a wide variety of genes in response to various developmental processes or abiotic stresses; however, these proteins have not yet been comprehensively analyzed in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). In this study, a total of 104 C2H2-ZFs were identified in an uneven distribution across the entire tomato genome, and include seven segmental duplication events. Based on their phylogenetic relationships, these genes...
Mon Nov 25, 2019 02:00
The binturong (Arctictis binturong) is classified as a member of the subfamily Paradoxurinae within the family Viverridae (Carnivora: Mammalia) and comprises nine subspecies spread across Southern and Southeast Asia. Here, we describe the complete mitochondrial genome of the Indian subspecies A. b. albifrons using next-generation sequencing methods. The total length of the A. b. albifrons mitogenome was 16,642 bp. Phylogenetic analyses based on 13 mitochondrial protein-coding genes placed the binturong...
Mon Nov 25, 2019 02:00
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is a pathogen causing paratuberculosis in cattle and small ruminants. During the long asymptomatic subclinical stage, high numbers of MAP are excreted and can be transmitted to food for human consumption, where they survive many of the standard techniques of food decontamination. Whether MAP is a human pathogen is currently under debate. The aim of this study was a better understanding of the host-pathogen response by analyzing the interaction of...
Mon Nov 25, 2019 02:00
Over 300 million arthropod specimens are housed in North American natural history collections. These collections represent a “vast hidden treasure trove” of biodiversity −95% of the specimen label data have yet to be transcribed for research, and less than 2% of the specimens have been imaged. Specimen labels contain crucial information to determine species distributions over time and are essential for understanding patterns of ecology and evolution, which will help assess the growing biodiversity...
Mon Nov 25, 2019 02:00
Background The production of photocatalytic nanoparticles such as TiO2 has received increasing interest for biomedical and wastewater treatment applications. However, the conventional synthesis of such materials faces several environmental concerns. Methods In this work, green synthesis is addressed to prepare TiO2 nanoparticles at large scale using Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) and titanium isopropoxide (TTIP). This...
Mon Nov 25, 2019 02:00
Background The exoskeleton of an insect could be an important factor in the success of its evolutionary process. This reaches its maximum expression in beetles, which constitute the most diversified animal taxon. The involvement in the management of environmental radiation could be one of the most important functions of the exoskeleton due to the passive contributions to the thermoregulation of body temperature. We study whether the elytra of two sympatric and closely related beetle species respond...
Mon Nov 25, 2019 02:00
Background In order to designate the various concepts of taxa in biology, evolution and paleontology, scientists have developed various rules on how to create unique names for taxa. Different Codes of Nomenclature have been developed for animals, plants, fungi, bacteria etc., with standard sets of Rules that govern the formation, publication and application of the nomina of extant and extinct species. These Codes are the result of decades of discussions, workshops, publications and...
Mon Nov 25, 2019 02:00
To probe how non-human primates (NHPs) decode temporal dynamic stimuli, we used a two-alternative forced choice task (2AFC), where the cue was dynamic: a movie snippet drawn from an animation that transforms one image into another. When the cue was drawn from either the beginning or end of the animation, thus heavily weighted towards one (the target) of both images (the choice pair), then primates performed at high levels of accuracy. For a subset of trials, however, the cue was ambiguous, drawn...
Mon Nov 25, 2019 02:00
Background This study aimed to draw a series of scientific maps to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate hot spots and trends in postmenopausal osteoporosis research using bibliometric analysis. Methods Scientific papers published on postmenopausal osteoporosis were extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection and PubMed database. Extracted information was analyzed quantitatively with bibliometric analysis by CiteSpace, the Online Analysis Platform of Literature Metrology and...
Mon Nov 25, 2019 02:00
The objective of this study was to analyze the antitumor activity of a hydrogel loaded with lipophilic bismuth nanoparticles on human cervical, prostate, and colon cancer cell lines. The effect of lipophilic bismuth nanoparticles on the viability of cancer cell lines (HeLa, DU145, and HCT-116) and non-cancer lung fibroblasts (HLF; LL 47[MaDo]) was determined with the MTT cell viability assay and compared with known antineoplastic drugs. The biocompatibility at an organismal level was verified in...
Fri Nov 22, 2019 02:00
The mechanism of inflammatory pain involves the central nervous system (CNS) and the immune system. It is reported that immunopotentiator thymosin alpha-1 (Tα1) can reduce inflammation, protect neurons and strengthen the immune function. However, the roles of Tα1 in inflammatory pain still remain unclear. In this study, we found Tα1 can attenuate the complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced mechanical allodynia and heat hyperalgesia. Meanwhile, it reduced the upregulation of CFA-induced inflammatory...
Fri Nov 22, 2019 02:00
Background: Two types of alleles exist within intron 3′ and exon 8 in the presenilin 1 (PS1) gene at nucleotide 16: allele 1 (A at site 16) and allele 2 (C at site 16), and three genotypes (1/1, 1/2, and 2/2) are formed with a combination of these alleles. The present study aims to investigate the association between the intronic polymorphism of PS1 gene and the occurrence of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease in a northern Chinese population. Materials and methods: The genotype and allele frequencies...
Fri Nov 22, 2019 02:00
To investigate the functions of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in axonal regeneration and degeneration after injury, circRNA expression profiles in the injured peripheral nerves were determined using a circRNA-based microarray. The results showed that 281 upregulated and 261 downregulated circRNAs were found in the proximal stump of the sciatic nerve after injury. In the distal stump after injury, 217 circRNAs were upregulated and 224 circRNAs were downregulated. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes...
Fri Nov 22, 2019 02:00
Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos 72100 Crete Greece,00302841026182,00306932607174,alsfakia@gmail.com,Antibiotics, Vol. 8, Pages 234: Development of a Novel Pharmaceutical Formula of Nanoparticle Lipid Carriers of Gentamicin/α-Tocopherol and In Vivo Assessment of the Antioxidant Protective Effect of α-Tocopherol in Gentamicin-Induced NephrotoxicityAntibiotics, Vol. 8, Pages 234: Development of a Novel Pharmaceutical Formula of Nanoparticle Lipid Carriers of Gentamicin/α-Tocopherol...
Mon Nov 25, 2019 09:55
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