Laryngo-Rhino-OtolDOI: 10.1055/a-1058-0440 Hintergrund Fortschritte der modernen Intensivmedizin haben zu einem drastischen Anstieg der Tracheotomie-Zahlen auf Intensivstationen geführt. Im Gegensatz zur chirurgischen epithelisierten Tracheostomie (ST) entsteht mittels perkutaner Dilatation angelegter Tracheotomie (PDT) ein nur wenig stabiles Stoma. Die Vorteile einer PDT im Vergleich zur ST liegen in dem geringeren organisatorischen Aufwand, der damit verbundenen Kostenreduktion und der...
Mon Nov 25, 2019 01:00
Laryngo-Rhino-OtolDOI: 10.1055/a-1039-1510© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New YorkArticle in Thieme eJournals:Table of contents | Full text
Mon Nov 25, 2019 01:00
Events of host-adaptation involving bacteria is at the origin of the most salient events in the evolution of Eukaryotes: the seminal fusion with an archaeon, and the emergence of both the mitochondrion and the chloroplast. Understanding how bacteria contributed to these events is difficult, due to the scarcity of ancient clades containing host-adapted bacteria only. One such clade is the deep-branching gammaproteobacterial order Legionellales - containing among others Coxiella and Legionella - of...
Mon Nov 25, 2019 02:00
Birth-death processes have given biologists a model-based framework to answer questions about changes in the birth and death rates of lineages in a phylogenetic tree. Therefore birth-death models are central to macroevolutionary as well as phylodynamic analyses. Early approaches to studying temporal variation in birth and death rates using birth-death models faced difficulties due to the restrictive choices of birth and death rate curves through time. Sufficiently flexible time-varying birth-death...
Mon Nov 25, 2019 02:00
Wolbachia is an intracellular bacterium that blocks virus replication in insects and has been introduced into the mosquito, Aedes aegypti for the biocontrol of arboviruses including dengue, Zika and chikungunya. Despite ongoing research, the mechanism of Wolbachia-mediated virus blocking remains unclear. We recently used experimental evolution to reveal that Wolbachia-mediated dengue blocking could be selected upon in the A. aegypti host and showed evidence that strong levels of blocking could be...
Mon Nov 25, 2019 02:00
When one species gradually splits into two, divergent selection on specific traits can cause peaks of differentiation in the genomic regions encoding those traits. Whether speciation is initiated by strong selection on a few genomic regions with large effects or by more diffused selection on many regions with small effects remains controversial. Differentiated phenotypes between differentiating lineages are commonly involved in reproductive isolation, thus their genetic underpinnings are key to the...
Mon Nov 25, 2019 02:00
The gastrointestinal tract has evolved in numerous ways to allow animals to optimally assimilate energy from different food sources. The morphology and physiology of the gut is plastic and can be greatly altered by diet in some animals. In this study, we investigate the evolution and plasticity of gastrointestinal tract morphology by comparing laboratory raised cave-adapted and river-adapted forms of the Mexican tetra, Astyanax mexicanus reared under different dietary conditions. In the wild, river-dwelling...
Mon Nov 25, 2019 02:00
We present a 517-gene phylogenetic framework for the breadfruit genus Artocarpus (ca. 70 spp., Moraceae), making use of silica-dried leaves from recent fieldwork and herbarium specimens (some up to 106 years old) to achieve 96% taxon sampling. We explore issues relating to assembly, paralogous loci, partitions, and analysis method to reconstruct a phylogeny that is robust to variation in data and available tools. While codon partitioning did not result in any substantial topological differences,...
Mon Nov 25, 2019 02:00
When one species gradually splits into two, divergent selection on specific traits can cause peaks of differentiation in the genomic regions encoding those traits. Whether speciation is initiated by strong selection on a few genomic regions with large effects or by more diffused selection on many regions with small effects remains controversial. Differentiated phenotypes between differentiating lineages are commonly involved in reproductive isolation, thus their genetic underpinnings are key to the...
Mon Nov 25, 2019 02:00
Wolbachia are being used to reduce dengue transmission by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes around the world. To date releases have mostly involved Wolbachia strains with limited fitness effects but strains with larger fitness costs could be used to suppress mosquito populations. However, such infections are expected to evolve towards decreased deleterious effects. Here we investigate potential evolutionary changes in the wMelPop infection transferred from Drosophila melanogaster to Aedes aegypti more than...
Mon Nov 25, 2019 02:00
Change in species' climatic niches is a key mechanism influencing species distribution patterns. The question of which factors impact niche change remains a highly debated topic in evolutionary biology. Previous studies have proposed that rates of climatic niche change might be correlated with climatic oscillations at high latitude or adaptation to new environmental conditions. Yet, very few studies have asked if those factors are also predominant in aquatic environments. Here, we reconstruct the...
Mon Nov 25, 2019 02:00
The non-animal peroxidases belong to a superfamily of oxidoreductases that reduce the hydrogen peroxide and oxidize numerous substrates. Since their initial characterization in 1992, several advances have provided an understanding into the origin and evolutionary history of this family of proteins. Here, we report for the first time an exhaustive evolutionary analysis of non-animal peroxidases using integrated in silico and biochemical strategies. Thanks to the availability of numerous genomic sequences...
Mon Nov 25, 2019 02:00
Molecular phylogenetics is a standard tool in modern biology that informs the evolutionary history of genes, organisms, and traits, and as such is important in a wide range of disciplines from medicine to palaeontology. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic reconstruction involves assumptions about the evolutionary processes that underlie the dataset to be analysed. These assumptions must be specified in forms of an evolutionary model, and a number of criteria may be used to identify the best-fitting from...
Mon Nov 25, 2019 02:00
Genetic correlations between traits may cause correlated responses to selection. Previous models described the conditions under which genetic correlations are expected to be maintained. Selection, mutation and migration are all proposed to affect genetic correlations, regardless of whether the underlying genetic architecture consists of pleiotropic or tightly-linked loci affecting the traits. Here, we investigate the conditions under which pleiotropy and linkage have differential effects on the genetic...
Mon Nov 25, 2019 02:00
The firefly Photinus pyralis inhabits a wide range of latitudinal and ecological niches, with populations living from temperate to tropical habitats. Its ample geographic distribution makes this species an ideal system for the study of local adaptation and demographic inference of wild populations. Therefore, in this study we modelled and inferred different demographic scenarios for North American populations of P. pyralis, collected from Texas to New Jersey. To do this, we used a combination of...
Mon Nov 25, 2019 02:00
Dating population divergence within species from molecular data and relating such dating to climatic and biogeographic changes is not trivial. Yet it can help formulating evolutionary hypotheses regarding local adaptation and future responses to changing environments. Key issues include statistical selection of a demographic and historical scenario among a set of possible scenarios, and estimation of the parameter(s) of interest under the chosen scenario. Such inferences greatly benefit from new...
Mon Nov 25, 2019 02:00
Microbes without plasmids divide faster than those harbouring them. Microbiologists rely on this difference in growth rate between both types to foresee whether a plasmid will be maintained, or else purged by the host to avoid extinction. Here I report that plasmids change multiple life-history traits, and I demonstrate that growth rate alone can be a bad predictor for plasmid maintenance. Pairwise competition experiments between two constructs of Escherichia coli---one of which carries a plasmid---revealed...
Mon Nov 25, 2019 02:00
Abstract The prevalence of obesity and an aging population are increasing worldwide. Both obesity and aging are independently known to be associated with cardiac dysfunction. However, in obese insulin-resistant subjects, the effects of aging on metabolic status and cardiac and mitochondrial functions are not completely understood. We hypothesized that in the obese insulin-resistant condition, aging induced by D-galactose increases cardiac senescence markers and aggravates the impairment...
Mon Nov 25, 2019 02:00
Abstract In the present study, we investigated the effects of immunophenotyping on prognosis of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with central nervous system (CNS) relapse treated with rituximab-CHOP (R-CHOP). CNS relapse occurred in 9.5% of DLBCL patients. At the diagnosis of DLBCL, CD25 was detected in 14.3% of cases. CD25 positivity correlated with an advanced stage, higher R-IPI, higher CNS-IPI, the presence of B symptoms, the presence of extranodal involvement >1, and...
Mon Nov 25, 2019 02:00
Abstract Although Olaparib (Ola, a PARP-inhibitor), in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents, was clinically approved to treat prostate cancer, but cytotoxicity, off-target effects of DNA damaging agents limit its applications in clinic. To improve the anti-cancer activity and to study the detailed mechanism of anti-cancer action, here we have used bioactive compound curcumin (Cur) in combination with Ola. Incubation of Ola in Cur pre-treated cells synergistically increased...
Mon Nov 25, 2019 02:00
Over the past decade, significant progress has been made in the field of eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases (EGIDs). Refined diagnostic guidelines as well as development of standardized approaches to patient reported outcomes (PROs) and endoscopic and histologic assessments has paved the way to improvements in diagnosis and outcomes. The mechanisms of disease, especially in eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), are better understood and have lead to identification of an increasing number of potential...
Mon Nov 25, 2019 02:00
Eko Devices just announced it’s releasing the second generation of its popular CORE digital stethoscope technology. The new Eko CORE comes either as an all-in-one digital stethoscope or as an attachment for most existing stethoscopes. This gives nurses and physicians the option to go with Eko’s own stethoscope or stay with one of their choice while still benefiting from Eko’s advanced amplification and signal processing capabilities. “When heart and lung sounds are amplified...
00:35
Canon Medical is releasing a new high-end digital PET/CT scanner at the upcoming RSNA conference in Chicago. The Cartesion Prime Digital PET/CT combines Canon’s Aquilion Prime SP CT scanner and the SiPM (silicon photomultiplier) PET detector, providing high resolution imaging and easy operator control, according to the company. So far, it is known that the device has an impressively fast time-of-flight resolution of less than 280 picoseconds, a 27 cm axial field of view, and one-to-one SiPM...
Mon Nov 25, 2019 18:50
Medtronic has won FDA approval to introduce its IN.PACT AV drug-coated balloon as a treatment option for failing arteriovenous (AV) fistulae. People with non-functional kidneys who undergo dialysis receive AV fistulae, which link an artery to a vein. Veins tend to be too fragile for regular access, but arteries are too deep. Creating an AV fistula makes the connected vein much more resilient and capable of providing vascular access for dialysis. Eventually, AV fistulae tend...
Mon Nov 25, 2019 17:51
Pituitary abscess is a rare condition with nonspecific symptoms that can be delayed. Proper diagnosis needs to occur preoperatively so that the management can be set up accordingly. Accurate diagnosis is chall...
Sun Nov 24, 2019 02:00
The albumin:globulin (A:G) ratio, adult comorbidity evaluation 27 (ACE-27), and TMN staging have been shown to be strong predictive indicators of the survival of patients with many types of tumours. We have investigated the prognostic value of pretreatment based on the A:G ratio combined with TMN staging and ACE-27 in patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the maxillary sinus. We studied 196 patients, and the prognostic value was explored by univariate and multivariate Cox’s hazards analysis.
Mon Nov 25, 2019 02:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08311
Mon Nov 25, 2019 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10497
Mon Nov 25, 2019 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10809
Mon Nov 25, 2019 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11208
Mon Nov 25, 2019 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10505
Mon Nov 25, 2019 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08503
Mon Nov 25, 2019 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11298
Mon Nov 25, 2019 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10473
Mon Nov 25, 2019 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09360
Mon Nov 25, 2019 07:00
Longevity genes that helped humans survive ancient airborne toxins may be the same genes that make humans resilient to pollution from fossil fuels and cigarette smoke today, according to a new study.
Mon Nov 25, 2019 20:13
Researchers describe a new method for investigating the genomes of eukaryotic flagellate organisms. These elusive aquatic creatures may offer clues about LECA -- the progenitor of all complex life on earth.
Mon Nov 25, 2019 19:09
Abstract Purpose Detection of residual or recurrent vital renal tumor on follow-up (FU) cross-sectional imaging after ablative therapy is challenging. The specific and high expression levels of carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) makes it a suitable target for imaging using radiolabeled anti-CAIX antibody girentuximab. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of targeted FU imaging...
Mon Nov 25, 2019 02:00
Abstract Rationale In Parkinson’s disease (PD), spatial covariance analysis of 18F-FDG PET data has consistently revealed a characteristic PD-related brain pattern (PDRP). By quantifying PDRP expression on a scan-by-scan basis, this technique allows objective assessment of disease activity in individual subjects. We provide a further validation of the PDRP by applying spatial covariance analysis to PD cohorts from the Netherlands (NL),...
Mon Nov 25, 2019 02:00
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