Publication date: Available online 31 October 2019Source: Trends in ImmunologyAuthor(s): Youdiil Ophinni, Umberto Palatini, Yoshitake Hayashi, Nicholas F. ParrishEukaryotic genomes contain virus-derived sequences called endogenous virus elements (EVEs). The majority of EVEs are related to retroviruses, which integrate into the host genome in order to replicate. Some retroviral EVEs encode a function; for example, some produce proteins that block infection by related viruses. EVEs derived from nonretroviral...
Publication date: Available online 31 October 2019Source: Trends in ImmunologyAuthor(s): Shin-Ichiro Fujii, Kanako ShimizuOne of the primary goals in tumor immunotherapy is to reset the immune system from tolerogenic to immunogenic – a process in which invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are implicated. iNKT cells develop in the thymus and perform immunosurveillance against tumor cells peripherally. When optimally stimulated, iNKT cells differentiate and display more efficient immune functions....
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