Abstract Rationale Mood-related behavioral assays, designed typically on rodents’ natural aversion to certain threats, are useful in studying the mechanisms of mood and in discovering effective treatments for neuropsychiatric disorders. Objectives Although reasonable attention has been paid to the conducted sequence, few studies address the argument whether...
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Abstract Rationale Non-contingent chronic nicotine exposure procedures have evolved rapidly in recent years, culminating in electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS or e-cigarettes) to deliver vaporized drugs to rodents in standard housing chambers. Objectives The aim of the current work was to use ENDS to test concentration-dependent effects of nicotine...
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Technology in Cancer Research &Treatment, Volume 18, Issue , January-December 2019. Background:Hepatocellular carcinoma is a highly vascularized tumor, so it is critical to study its angiogenesis. Cancer-associated fibroblasts and enhancer of zeste homolog 2 play an important role in tumor angiogenesis and became significant hallmarks of cancer. But the relationship between enhancer of zeste homolog-2 and cancer-associated fibroblasts in response to angiogenesis and its precise mechanism remains...
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Technology in Cancer Research &Treatment, Volume 18, Issue , January-December 2019. Purpose:To describe and validate the dose calculation algorithm of an independent second-dose check software for spot scanning proton delivery systems with full width at half maximum between 5 and 14 mm and with a negligible spray component.Methods:The analytical dose engine of our independent second-dose check software employs an altered pencil beam algorithm with 3 lateral Gaussian components. It was commissioned...
Fri Nov 22, 2019 13:26
Abstract Purpose Various pathologies of the lumbosacral junction require fusion of the L5/S1 segment. However, pseudarthroses, which often come along with sacral screw loosening, are problematic. The aim of the present investigation was to elaborate the morphological features of the L5/S1 segment to define a so-called “safe zone” for bi- or tricortical screw placement without risking a damage of the iliac vessels. ...
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We investigated the effect of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor everolimus on tuberous sclerosis complex- (TSC-) associated autistic symptoms and focal seizures with impaired awareness in a female child with TSC. We further evaluated the relationship between improved autistic symptoms and seizures and increased the serum levels of the antioxidant proteins, ceruloplasmin (Cp) and transferrin (Tf), and oxidant-antioxidant status indicated by the oxidant marker oxidized low-density...
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Related ArticlesmRNA and piRNA profile in chemical-induced oral squamous cell carcinoma mice model. Exp Anim. 2019 Nov 19;: Authors: Wu L, Jiang Y, Zheng Z, Li H, Cai M, Pathak JL, Li Z, Huang L, Zeng M, Zheng H, Ouyang K, Gao J Abstract Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), a novel class of noncoding RNAs, are involved in the carcinogenesis. However, the functional significance of piRNAs in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains unknown. In the present...
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Tissue Engineering Part A, Ahead of Print.
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Mycobacterium bovis is the main causative agent of zoonotic tuberculosis in humans and frequently devastates livestock and wildlife worldwide. Previous studies suggested the existence of genetic groups of M. bovis strains based on limited DNA markers (a.k.a. clonal complexes), and the evolution and ecology of this pathogen has been only marginally explored at the global level. We have screened over 2,600 publicly available M. bovis genomes and newly sequenced two wildlife M. bovis strains, gathering...
Fri Nov 22, 2019 02:00
The Weddell Seal (Leptonychotes weddelli) represents a remarkable example of adaptation to diving among marine mammals. This species is capable of diving >900 m deep and remaining underwater for more than 60 minutes. A number of key physiological specializations have been identified, including the low levels of aerobic, lipid-based metabolism under hypoxia, significant increase in oxygen storage in blood and muscle; high blood volume and extreme cardiovascular control. These adaptations have been...
Fri Nov 22, 2019 02:00
The non-animal peroxidases belong to a superfamily of oxidoreductases that reduce the hydrogen peroxide and oxidize numerous substrates. Since their initial characterization in 1992, several advances have provided an understanding into the origin and evolutionary history of this family of proteins. Here, we report for the first time an exhaustive evolutionary analysis of non-animal peroxidases using integrated in silico and biochemical strategies. Thanks to the availability of numerous genomic sequences...
Fri Nov 22, 2019 02:00
Historical changes affecting food resources are a major driver of cetacean evolution. Small cetaceans like porpoises (Phocoenidae) are among the most metabolically challenged marine mammals and are particularly sensitive to changes in their food resources. The seven species of this family inhabit mostly temperate waters and constitute a textbook example of antitropical distribution. Yet, their evolutionary history remains poorly known despite major conservation issues threatening the survival of...
Fri Nov 22, 2019 02:00
Catastrophic events, such as volcanic eruptions, can have profound impacts on the demographic histories of resident taxa. Due to its presumed effect on biodiversity, the Pleistocene eruption of super-volcano Toba has received abundant attention. We test the effects of the Toba eruption on the diversification, genetic diversity, and demography of three co-distributed species of parachuting frogs (Genus Rhacophorus) on Sumatra. We generate target-capture data (~950 loci and ~440,000 bp) for three species...
Fri Nov 22, 2019 02:00
As a heritable sequence-specific adaptive immune system, CRISPR-Cas is a powerful molecular mechanism shaping strain diversity in host-virus systems. Nevertheless, the structure and dynamics of host-virus interactions associated with diversification remain largely unexplored. We quantified the network structures of infection ('who infects whom') and immunity ('who is protected from whom') in a stochastic Lotka-Volterra model of host and viral populations including evolution. The coevolutionary dynamics...
Fri Nov 22, 2019 02:00
The population sex ratio is thought to be maintained through balancing selection on rare phenotypes. However, empirical evidence for genetic influence has thus far proven elusive. We combined 1000 Genomes data and large cohorts to study human sex ratios. We found underrepresentation of male offspring in preeclampsia, a serious pregnancy disorder with uncertain pathogenesis. Genetic variation of fetal human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G), regulating maternal anti-fetal immune responses, was found to...
Fri Nov 22, 2019 02:00
Catastrophic events, such as volcanic eruptions, can have profound impacts on the demographic histories of resident taxa. Due to its presumed effect on biodiversity, the Pleistocene eruption of super-volcano Toba has received abundant attention. We test the effects of the Toba eruption on the diversification, genetic diversity, and demography of three co-distributed species of parachuting frogs (Genus Rhacophorus) on Sumatra. We generate target-capture data (~950 loci and ~440,000 bp) for three species...
Fri Nov 22, 2019 02:00
Digital natives are growing up in a new media ecosystem, where the use of the net and social media is a daily practice. Even if there is a growing interest in the use of social media in university education, there is a paucity of outcome based, empirical studies assessing the impact of social media in medical education, in particular in the Human anatomy field. To facilitate human anatomy learning and teacher-student relation, a Sapienza university of Rome human anatomy teacher (HAT) created a professional...
Thu Nov 21, 2019 14:59
Anatomy constitutes the historical and epistemological background of surgery and surgery, in turn, is the area of medicine dealing with the management of injuries and pathologies by means of manual interventions and instrumental devices. As such, surgery may be considered as old as mankind. However, only in the Age of Enlightenment (eighteenth century) was the rigid and negative distinction typical of the past between clinical medicine and surgery overcome. This historical differentiation is by many...
Thu Nov 21, 2019 14:59
Michelangelo’s marble sculpture of David is one of the most admired works of art in the world. It is the most iconic symbol of the Florentine Renaissance, and a representation of the idealized human form in its perfection and proportion. The statue was examined in 2004 by two anatomists who observed the apparent absence of a single muscle. Our re-examination of the statue, from our perspective as clinical geneticists, shows unexpected and hitherto unpublished details of variations and disproportions...
Thu Nov 21, 2019 14:58
Among the literature reports on the possible effects of the seasonal cycle, made of temperature and photoperiod variations, on spontaneous proliferation in the brain of adult fresh water, earth-dwelling Anamnia and heterothermic Amniota, one autoradiographic study was conducted on experimentally brain injured and normal Rana esculenta, collected in the wild in spring and in autumn, and another immunohistochemical study was conducted on brain injured Podarcis hispanica caught in nature in summer....
Thu Nov 21, 2019 14:58
The immunohistochemical evidence provided by the present authors about the persistence of latent natural brain proliferative potentially in adult vertebrate brain and its response to cyclic seasonal environmental fluctuations (temperature, photoperiod) has been reviewed. These stimuli elicit an otherwise hidden mitotic activity thanks to stem cells still present especially in less high vertebrates like Triturus carnifex, Rana bergeri, Podarcis sicula. The evidence gathered from specimens caught in...
Thu Nov 21, 2019 14:57
Knowledge of the neuroanatomy of the third cranial nerve, oculomotor nerve, which provides motor innervation to four of the six extraocular muscles and the levator palpebrae superioris, and parasympathetic innervation to the sphincter pupillae and ciliary muscles, is critical for neurosurgical management of lesions located in the cavernous sinus or orbit. The oculomotor nerve itself has a complex anatomy regarding anatomical landmarks for its localization, considering the characteristics of the arachnoidal...
Thu Nov 21, 2019 14:57
Gross anatomy classes are still regarded as an integral part of human biomedical education worldwide. The first documentary evidence of the practice of anatomical dissection for teaching purposes dates back to the 13th century AD, although this practice seems to have originated in Ancient Greece, if not in earlier times. Dissection of the human body is practiced in most anatomy institutions worldwide despite increasing pressure to reduce material and staff costs, regardless the ongoing debate concerning...
Thu Nov 21, 2019 14:56
Introduction: vascular anatomy variations are important in academic, clinical and surgical areas as well as nephrology, urology, oncological and vascular surgery, among others. The main objective of this review is to know the real prevalence of multiple renal arteries in a wide, multiethnic population. Secondary objectives are to establish the prevalence of early branching of the renal artery and the prevalence of these variations in left and right kidneys. Methods: this study analyzes the renal...
Thu Nov 21, 2019 14:56
The superficial veins of the forearm are prone to possess different patterns of anastomosis. This is highly significant, as venipunctures in the upper limb are among the most performed procedures in the world and they often rely on the veins of the cubital fossa. In addition, the relationship of these veins to the cutaneous nerves are also prone to vary and are often uncertain. These veins are also manipulated in the creation of arteriovenous fistula for dialisis, which remains as the best choice...
Thu Nov 21, 2019 14:56
White and brown adipocytes are contained in an anatomically dissectible structure called adipose organ. White adipocytes form white adipose tissue (WAT) brown adipocytes form brown adipose tissue (BAT). They have in common the fact that they manage lipids, but WAT uses them as an energy reserve to be given to the body between meals, while BAT burns them to produce heat. In some areas of the organ WAT and BAT are very distinct and easily recognizable by color, but in others the tissue is mixed. Numerous...
Thu Nov 21, 2019 14:55
Situs inversus totalis in a 96-year-old female cadaver: evidence pointing toward the two-cilia model
Situs inversus totalis is a complete transposition of the thoracic and abdominal organs and represents one of many laterality defects within the heterotaxy spectrum. Here we report a case of a 96-year-old female cadaver with situs inversus. Examination of the respective computed tomography images revealed situs inversus totalis with dextrocardia. A detailed dissection demonstrated the transposition of the viscera and confirmed complete reversal of the visceral organs without major anomalies. In order...
Thu Nov 21, 2019 02:00
The effect of nitric oxide (NO) on renal function is controversial in critical illness. We performed a systematic meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis to determine the effect of NO gas on renal function...
Thu Nov 21, 2019 02:00
Indirect indices for measuring impaired ventilation, such as the estimated dead space fraction and the ventilatory ratio, have been shown to be independently associated with an increased risk of mortality. Thi...
Thu Nov 21, 2019 02:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09954
Fri Nov 22, 2019 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11024
Fri Nov 22, 2019 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10857
Fri Nov 22, 2019 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10358
Fri Nov 22, 2019 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10726
Fri Nov 22, 2019 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11048
Fri Nov 22, 2019 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10465
Fri Nov 22, 2019 07:00
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