American Journal of Neuroradiology September 2019; Vol. 40, No. 9 Perspectives Steven A. Messina AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:1437 doi:10.3174/ajnr.P0085 http://www.ajnr.org/content/40/9/1437 General Contents Altered Relationship between Working Memory and Brain Microstructure after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury S. Chung, X. Wang, E. Fieremans, J.F. Rath, P. Amorapanth, F.-Y.A. Foo, C.J. Morton, D.S. Novikov, S.R. Flanagan and Y.W. Lui AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:1438-1444 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A6146 OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE http://www.ajnr.org/content/40/9/1438.abstract The authors investigated how working memory deficits relate to detectable WM microstructural injuries to discover robust biomarkers that allow early identification of patients with mild traumatic brain injury at the highest risk of working memory impairment. Multi-shell diffusion MR imaging was performed on a 3T scanner with 5 b-values. Diffusion metrics of fractional anisotropy, diffusivity and kurtosis (mean, radial, axial), and WM tract integrity were calculated. Auditory-verbal working memory was assessed using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. ROI analysis found a significant positive correlation between axial kurtosis and Digit Span Backward in mild traumatic brain injury mainly present in the right superior longitudinal fasciculus, which was not observed in healthy controls. Utility of Percentage Signal Recovery and Baseline Signal in DSC-MRI Optimized for Relative CBV Measurement for Differentiating Glioblastoma, Lymphoma, Metastasis, and Meningioma M.D. Lee, G.L. Baird, L.C. Bell, C.C. Quarles and J.L. Boxerman AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:1445-1450 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A6153 OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE http://www.ajnr.org/content/40/9/1445.abstract Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI in Patients with Brain Metastases Undergoing Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy: A Pilot Study J.I. Traylor, D.C.A. Bastos, D. Fuentes, M. Muir, R. Patel, V.A. Kumar, R.J. Stafford, G. Rao and S.S. Prabhu AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:1451-1457 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A6144 http://www.ajnr.org/content/40/9/1451.abstract Molecular Subtype Classification in Lower-Grade Glioma with Accelerated DTI E. Aliotta, H. Nourzadeh, P.P. Batchala, D. Schiff, M.B. Lopes, J.T. Druzgal, S. Mukherjee and S.H. Patel AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:1458-1463 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A6162 http://www.ajnr.org/content/40/9/1458.abstract Widespread Increased Diffusivity Reveals Early Cortical Degeneration in Huntington Disease F. Sampedro, S. Martínez-Horta, J. Perez-Perez, A. Horta-Barba, J. Martin-Lahoz, A. Alonso-Solís, I. Corripio, B. Gomez-Anson and J. Kulisevsky AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:1464-1468 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A6168 OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE http://www.ajnr.org/content/40/9/1464.abstract Usefulness of the Delay Alternating with Nutation for Tailored Excitation Pulse with T1-Weighted Sampling Perfection with Application-Optimized Contrasts Using Different Flip Angle Evolution in the Detection of Cerebral Metastases: Comparison with MPRAGE Imaging D. Kim, Y.J. Heo, H.W. Jeong, J.W. Baek, J.-Y. Han, J.Y. Lee, S.-C. Jin and H.J. Baek AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:1469-1475 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A6158 http://www.ajnr.org/content/40/9/1469.abstract Comparison of Unenhanced and Gadolinium-Enhanced Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis: Is Contrast Needed for Routine Follow-Up MRI? G. Sadigh, A.M. Saindane, A.D. Waldman, N.S. Lava and R. Hu AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:1476-1480 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A6179 http://www.ajnr.org/content/40/9/1476.abstract Optimal Detection of Subtle Gadolinium Leakage in CSF with Heavily T2-Weighted Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery Imaging W.M. Freeze, D.N. ter Weele, W.M. Palm, R.W. van Hooren, E.I. Hoff, J.F.A. Jansen, H.I.L. Jacobs, F.R. Verhey and W.H. Backes AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:1481-1483 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A6145 http://www.ajnr.org/content/40/9/1481.abstract Validation of Zero TE–MRA in the Characterization of Cerebrovascular Diseases: A Feasibility Study S. Shang, J. Ye, W. Dou, X. Luo, J. Qu, Q. Zhu, H. Zhang and J. Wu AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:1484-1490 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A6173 OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE http://www.ajnr.org/content/40/9/1484.abstract Defining Ischemic Core in Acute Ischemic Stroke Using CT Perfusion: A Multiparametric Bayesian-Based Model K. Nael, E. Tadayon, D. Wheelwright, A. Metry, J.T. Fifi, S. Tuhrim, R.A. De Leacy, A.H. Doshi, H.L. Chang and J. Mocco AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:1491-1497 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A6170 OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE http://www.ajnr.org/content/40/9/1491.abstract Color-Mapping of 4D-CTA for the Detection of Cranial Arteriovenous Shunts M. Meijs, S.A.H. Pegge, K. Murayama, H.D. Boogaarts, M. Prokop, P.W.A. Willems, R. Manniesing and F.J.A. Meijer AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:1498-1504 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A6156 OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE http://www.ajnr.org/content/40/9/1498.abstract A color-mapping method for 4D-CTA is presented for improved and enhanced visualization of the cerebral vasculature hemodynamics. This method was applied to detect cranial AVFs. Thirty-one patients were included, 21 patients with and 10 without an AVF. Arterialization of venous structures in AVFs was accurately visualized using color-mapping. There was high sensitivity (86%–100%) and moderate-to-high specificity (70%–100%) for the detection of AVFs on color-mapping 4D-CTA, even without the availability of dynamic subtraction rendering. Arterialization of venous structures can be visualized using color-mapping of 4D-CTA and proves to be accurate for the detection of cranial AVFs. Quantitative and Qualitative Comparison of 4D-DSA with 3D-DSA Using Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations in Cerebral Aneurysms S. Lang, P. Hoelter, A.I. Birkhold, M. Schmidt, J. Endres, C. Strother, A. Doerfler and H. Luecking AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:1505-1510 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A6172 http://www.ajnr.org/content/40/9/1505.abstract Analysis of Flow Dynamics and Outcomes of Cerebral Aneurysms Treated with Intrasaccular Flow-Diverting Devices J.R. Cebral, B.J. Chung, F. Mut, J. Chudyk, C. Bleise, E. Scrivano, P. Lylyk, R. Kadirvel and D. Kallmes AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:1511-1516 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A6169 OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE http://www.ajnr.org/content/40/9/1511.abstract Two-Center Experience in the Endovascular Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysms Using the Woven EndoBridge 17 Device Including Midterm Follow-Up Results: A Retrospective Analysis C. Maurer, I. König, A. Berlis, W. Weber and S. Fischer AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:1517-1522 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A6177 http://www.ajnr.org/content/40/9/1517.abstract Sentinel Angiographic Signs of Cerebral Hyperperfusion after Angioplasty and Stenting of Intracranial Atherosclerotic Stenosis: A Technical Note M. Ghuman, A.C.O. Tsang, J.M. Klostranec and T. Krings AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:1523-1525 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A6149 http://www.ajnr.org/content/40/9/1523.abstract Distal Transradial Access in the Anatomic Snuffbox for Diagnostic Cerebral Angiography P. Patel, N. Majmundar, I. Bach, V. Dodson, F. Al-Mufti, L. Tomycz and P. Khandelwal AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:1526-1528 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A6178 http://www.ajnr.org/content/40/9/1526.abstract Non-Contrast-Enhanced Carotid MRA: Clinical Evaluation of a Novel Ungated Radial Quiescent-Interval Slice-Selective MRA at 1.5T S. Peters, M. Huhndorf, U. Jensen-Kondering, N. Larsen, I. Koktzoglou, R.R. Edelman, J. Graessner, M. Both, O. Jansen and M. Salehi Ravesh AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:1529-1537 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A6171 OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE http://www.ajnr.org/content/40/9/1529.abstract Carotid Plaque CTA Analysis in Symptomatic Subjects with Bilateral Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage: A Preliminary Analysis L. Saba, G. Lanzino, P. Lucatelli, F. Lavra, R. Sanfilippo, R. Montisci, J.S. Suri and C. Yuan AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:1538-1545 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A6160 http://www.ajnr.org/content/40/9/1538.abstract Improved Assessment of Middle Ear Recurrent Cholesteatomas Using a Fusion of Conventional CT and Non-EPI-DWI MRI F. Felici, U. Scemama, D. Bendahan, J.-P. Lavieille, G. Moulin, C. Chagnaud, M. Montava and A. Varoquaux AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:1546-1551 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A6141 http://www.ajnr.org/content/40/9/1546.abstract A Persistent Foramen of Huschke: A Small Road to Misery in Necrotizing External Otitis W.L. van der Meer, M. van Tilburg, C. Mitea and A.A. Postma AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:1552-1556 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A6161 http://www.ajnr.org/content/40/9/1552.abstract Subretinal and Retrolaminar Migration of Intraocular Silicone Oil Detected on CT M. Abdalkader, K. Takumi, M.N. Chapman, G.D. Barest, C. Peeler and O. Sakai AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:1557-1561 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A6176 http://www.ajnr.org/content/40/9/1557.abstract Zero TE MRI for Craniofacial Bone Imaging A. Lu, K.R. Gorny and M.-L. Ho AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:1562-1566 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A6175 http://www.ajnr.org/content/40/9/1562.abstract Global and Regional Changes in Cortical Development Assessed by MRI in Fetuses with Isolated Nonsevere Ventriculomegaly Correlate with Neonatal Neurobehavior N. Hahner, O.M. Benkarim, M. Aertsen, M. Perez-Cruz, G. Piella, G. Sanroma, N. Bargallo, J. Deprest, M.A. Gonzalez Ballester, E. Gratacos and E. Eixarch AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:1567-1574 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A6165 OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE http://www.ajnr.org/content/40/9/1567.abstract Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging in a Prospective Cohort of Children with Cerebral Malaria Offers Insights into Pathophysiology and Prognosis S.M. Moghaddam, G.L. Birbeck, T.E. Taylor, K.B. Seydel, S.D. Kampondeni and M.J. Potchen AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:1575-1580 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A6159 OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE http://www.ajnr.org/content/40/9/1575.abstract Optimizing the Detection of Subtle Insular Lesions on MRI When Insular Epilepsy Is Suspected J. Blustajn, S. Krystal, D. Taussig, S. Ferrand-Sorbets, G. Dorfmüller and M. Fohlen AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:1581-1585 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A6143 http://www.ajnr.org/content/40/9/1581.abstract Quantitative Analysis of Spinal Canal Areas in the Lumbar Spine: An Imaging Informatics and Machine Learning Study B. Gaonkar, D. Villaroman, J. Beckett, C. Ahn, M. Attiah, D. Babayan, J.P. Villablanca, N. Salamon, A. Bui and L. Macyszyn AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:1586-1591 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A6174 http://www.ajnr.org/content/40/9/1586.abstract Automatic Spinal Cord Gray Matter Quantification: A Novel Approach C. Tsagkas, A. Horvath, A. Altermatt, S. Pezold, M. Weigel, T. Haas, M. Amann, L. Kappos, T. Sprenger, O. Bieri, P. Cattin and K. Parmar AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:1592-1600 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A6157 OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE http://www.ajnr.org/content/40/9/1592.abstract The authors assessed the reproducibility and accuracy of cervical spinal cord gray matter and white matter cross-sectional area measurements using magnetization inversion recovery acquisition images and a fully automatic postprocessing segmentation algorithm. The cervical spinal cord of 24 healthy subjects was scanned in a test-retest fashion on a 3T MR imaging system. Twelve axial averaged magnetization inversion recovery acquisition slices were acquired over a 48-mm cord segment. GM and WM were both manually segmented by 2 experienced readers and compared with an automatic variational segmentation algorithm with a shape prior modified for 3D data with a slice similarity prior. Reproducibility was high for both methods, while being better for the automatic approach. The accuracy of the automatic method compared with the manual reference standard was excellent. They conclude that the fully automated postprocessing segmentati on algorithm demonstrated an accurate and reproducible spinal cord GM and WM segmentation. Comparative Analysis of Volumetric High-Resolution Heavily T2-Weighted MRI and Time-Resolved Contrast-Enhanced MRA in the Evaluation of Spinal Vascular Malformations S.K. Kannath, S. Mandapalu, B. Thomas, J. Enakshy Rajan and C. Kesavadas AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:1601-1606 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A6164 http://www.ajnr.org/content/40/9/1601.abstract The authors compared the efficacy of volumetric high-resolution heavily T2-weighted and time-resolved contrast-enhanced images in spinal vascular malformation diagnosis and feeder characterization and assessed whether a combined evaluation improved the overall accuracy of diagnosis in 28 patients. Both sequences demonstrated 100% sensitivity and 93.5% accuracy for the detection of spinal vascular malformations. Volumetric high-resolution heavily T2-weighted imaging was superior to time-resolved contrast-enhanced MR imaging for identification of spinal cord arteriovenous malformations while the opposite was observed for perimedullary arteriovenous fistulas. Both sequences showed equal sensitivity (100%) and accuracy (87%) for spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas. They conclude that combined volumetric high-resolution heavily T2-weighted imaging and time-resolved contrast-enhanced MR imaging can improve the sensitivity and accu racy of spinal vascular malformation diagnosis, classification, and feeder characterization. 35 Years Ago in AJNR Celebrating 35 Years of the AJNR: September 1984 edition AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:1607 doi:10.3174/ajnr.P0083 http://www.ajnr.org/content/40/9/1607 Online Features Letters Can Trace-Weighted Images Be Used to Estimate Diffusional Kurtosis Imaging–Derived Indices of Non-Gaussian Water Diffusion in Head and Neck Cancer? M. Giannelli, C. Marzi, M. Mascalchi, S. Diciotti and C. Tessa AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:E44-E45 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A6167 http://www.ajnr.org/content/40/9/E44 Reply: N. Tu, L. Bu and G. Wu AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:E46-E47 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A6204 http://www.ajnr.org/content/40/9/E46 Vendors Used in CT and MRI Neuroradiology Research S. Ramezanpour, R. Jalilianhasanpour and D.M. Yousem AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:E48-E49 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A6180 http://www.ajnr.org/content/40/9/E48