Rubachia O.Berg (Myrtaceae) is a synonym of Plinia instead of Myrcia Abstract Rubachia has usually been synonymized within Marlierea, which in turn is now considered to be a synonym of Myrcia (the only genus of the Myrcia group). However, the type of Rubachia is a species now placed in Plinia (Plinia spiciflora), making Rubachia a synonym of Plinia (part of the Plinia group), a fact that has been largely overlooked. The taxonomic status of Rubachia is here clarified.

Otoba vespertilio (Myristicaceae), una especie nueva de Mesoamérica Resumen Se describe e ilustra Otoba vespertilio, una nueva especie de árbol endémico de la vertiente Caribe de Costa Rica y Panamá. Esta especie es similar a O. cyclobasis, pero se diferencia por tener láminas foliares con 6–8 venas secundarias por lado (vs. 14–17) y flores estaminadas con el pedicelo de 2–3.6 mm de largo (vs. 4–5 mm) y sin un disco extraestaminal rodeando la base de la columna estaminal (vs. disco extraestaminal presente). Se adicionan datos sobre su distribución y hábitat y fenología, comentarios taxonómicos, fotografías in-vivo y una clave para identificar las cuatro especies del género en Mesoamérica.

A new identity for Tetragastris panamensis . Studies in neotropical Burseraceae XXIX Abstract The taxon heretofore known as Tetragastris panamensis is widespread in tropical Central and South America and often common where it occurs. All recent phylogenies for Burseraceae tribe Protieae strongly support submerging Tetragastris as a section of a more inclusive Protium. A recent smorgasbord of nomenclatural changes coined a new name for T. panamensis because the epithet is already occupied in Protium. That is unnecessary, however, because the taxon can be given the next most recent available name from a heterotypic synonym: Protium stevensonii.

Parapolystichum villosissimum (Dryopteridaceae): A new and threatened species from Cuba Abstract During herbarium studies for the Flora of Cuba, a new species was found, Parapolystichum villosissimum, which is here described. The species is endemic to Cuba and known from only four collections from the mountain ranges of southeastern Cuba. The last specimen collected was made over 90 years ago. Recent efforts to relocate this species were unsuccessful, suggesting that it should be treated as threatened. The new species is described, illustrated, and compared to the most similar species. A key to the Neotropical species of Parapolystichum is also provided.

A new record and emended description of a rare Amazonian white-sand species: Schoepfia clarkii (Schoepfiaceae) Abstract Schoepfia clarkii is a rare species of Schoepfiaceae that to date has been known only from the single flowering specimen used in the original description from white-sand vegetation in Venezuela. Here we report new records for this species collected from the lower Negro River basin in Brazil, ca. 900 km from the type locality, but also from white-sand vegetation. We provide a more detailed description of the species, including the first observations of fruit characters, as well as illustrations, photographs, a distribution map, and discussion of its conservation status. We also provide a key for the identification of the South American species of Schoepfia.

The Brazilian species of Elaphoglossum section Squamipedia (Dryopteridaceae) Abstract A taxonomic treatment for the three species of Elaphoglossum sect. Squamipedia found in Brazil is presented. The section is monophyletic and most of its species are characterized by slender, 1–1.5 mm wide, long-creeping stems; the presence of two peg-like aerophores on the rhizome just behind each petiole; pale brown stem scales; the absence of phyllopodia and hydathodes; and echinulate spores. Elaphoglossum peltatum is unique among the Brazilian species of the genus by having sterile leaves with divided laminae. Within the country, E. minutum is known from only two gatherings made in the state of Goiás, where it grows in gallery forests around 700 m. Elaphoglossum peltatum is found on the mountains of the northern Amazon and disjunctly in eastern Brazil, from 800 to 2000 m. Elaphoglossum squamipes occurs on the coastal mountains of Serra da Mantiqueira and Serra do Mar, where it grows in cloud forests above 800 m. None of the three species is endemic to Brazil. We provide identification keys, descriptions, synonyms, comments, line drawings, spore images, distribution maps, and an index of herbarium vouchers to all species accepted in this treatment. A lectotype is designated for Acrostichum craspedariiforme and a second-step lectotype for Osmunda peltata. Additionally, E. ovatum is here excluded from the Brazilian flora.

A new species of Plutarchia (Ericaceae) from Chingaza National Natural Park, Colombia Abstract Plutarchia dolos (Ericaceae: Vaccinioideae), a new endemic species from the páramos of the Chingaza National Natural Park, Colombia, is described and illustrated. Its taxonomic affinities to other members of Plutarchia are addressed, along with its current conservation status.

New circumscription, morphology and synopsis of Chamaecrista sect. Chamaecrista ser. Coriaceae (Leguminosae) Abstract A new circumscription of Chamaecrista sect. Chamaecrista ser. Coriaceae is presented based on the results of molecular and morphological analyses. The series is monophyletic upon exclusion of three species that were included within it by Irwin and Barneby. Morphological variation within the series is discussed. Characters previously neglected, such as the detailed morphology of extrafloral nectaries and the position of stamens, are shown to be valuable for taxonomic purposes. The synopsis includes three neotypifications (C. cinerascens, C. mucronata, C. rotundata var. grandistipula), two new synonymizations (C. papillata under C. arrojadoana, and C. rotundata var. grandistipula under C. rotundata var. rotundata), and a new combination (C. arrojadoana). A key for identification of the species, lists of specimens analysed, notes on taxonomy, nomenclature, and geographic distribution of the taxa, as well as illustrations of diagnostic characters are presented. In the new circumscription, the series comprises nineteen species, two of them each further divided into two varieties, to give a total of 21 taxa, distributed mainly in the Brazilian Central Plateau.

Isachne burchellii (Poaceae, Micrairoideae) from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil – an endemic new species segregated from Isachne goiasensis Abstract Isachne burchellii, an endemic new species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, is here recognized as distinct from Isachne goiasensis based on macro and micromorphological characters, geographic distribution and ecological evidence. This new species is illustrated and its taxonomic and morphological affinities with I. goiasensis are discussed.

Two new species of Chamaecrista sect. Absus (Leguminosae, Casesalpinioideae) from Brazil and Bolivia with phylogenetic delimitation Abstract As a result of a taxonomic and phylogenetic study of Chamaecrista sect. Absus, we identified two new species of Chamaecrista from Brazil and Bolivia, which we designate here as C. oppositifolia and C. longistyla. Morphologically, C. oppositifolia resembles C. sincorana, while C. longistyla is similar to C. paraunana and C. brevicalyx. Description, illustration, diagnostic morphology, systematic position, phenology, distribution, images and preliminary conservation status are provided for both new species. Phylogenetic inference and morphology show that the two new species are clearly distinct and belong to C. sect. Absus, ser. Rigidulae (C. oppositifolia) and ser. Absoideae (C. longistyla).