Best practices for measuring emerging light-emitting diode technologies,
Miguel Anaya, Barry P. Rand, Russell J. Holmes, Dan Credgington, Henk J. Bolink, Richard H. Friend, Jianpu Wang, Neil C. Greenham & Samuel D. Stranks
Nature Photonics volume 13, pages818–821(2019)Cite this article
The arrival of light-emitting diodes based on new materials is posing challenges for the characterization and comparison of devices in a trusted and consistent manner. Here we provide some advice and guidelines that we hope will benefit the community.
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Acknowledgements
S.D.S. and M.A. acknowledge funding from the European Research Council (ERC) (grant agreement no. 756962 (HYPERION)) and the Marie Skłodowska–Curie actions (grant agreement no. 841386) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme. S.D.S. acknowledges support from the Royal Society and Tata Group (UF150033). B.P.R. acknowledges support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under award no. FA9550-18-1-0037. R.J.H. acknowledges support from a Visiting Fellowship at Clare Hall and a Leverhulme Trust Visiting Professorship, both at the University of Cambridge, the National Science Foundation (ECCS-1509121 and DMR-1708177), and the University of Minnesota Institute on the Environment. D.C. acknowledges funding from the Royal Society. H.J.B. acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) via the Unidad de Excelencia María de Maeztu MDM-2015-0538 and MAT2017-88821-R. J.W. acknowledges support from the Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91733302). We acknowledge the EPSRC (EP/M005143/1). We thank P. Conaghan for providing data for the example LED calculations.
Author information
Affiliations
Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
Miguel Anaya, Dan Credgington, Richard H. Friend, Neil C. Greenham & Samuel D. Stranks
Department of Electrical Engineering & Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
Barry P. Rand
Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
Russell J. Holmes
Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
Henk J. Bolink
Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
Jianpu Wang
Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
Samuel D. Stranks
Corresponding author
Correspondence to Samuel D. Stranks.
Miguel Anaya, Barry P. Rand, Russell J. Holmes, Dan Credgington, Henk J. Bolink, Richard H. Friend, Jianpu Wang, Neil C. Greenham & Samuel D. Stranks
Nature Photonics volume 13, pages818–821(2019)Cite this article
The arrival of light-emitting diodes based on new materials is posing challenges for the characterization and comparison of devices in a trusted and consistent manner. Here we provide some advice and guidelines that we hope will benefit the community.
References
1.
Greenham, N. C., Friend, R. H. & Bradley, D. D. C. Adv. Mater. 6, 491–494 (1994).
Article
Google Scholar
2.
Forrest, S. R., Bradley, D. D. C. & Thomson, M. E. Adv. Mater. 15, 1043–1048 (2003).
Article
Google Scholar
3.
Illuminating Engineering Society of North America Standards LM-79-08, LM-80-08, TM-21-11 and LM-82-12 (American National Standards Institute).
4.
Ai, X. et al. Nature 563, 536–540 (2018).
ADS
Article
Google Scholar
5.
Yang, Y. et al. Nat. Photon. 9, 259–266 (2015).
ADS
Article
Google Scholar
6.
Cao, Y. et al. Nature 562, 249–253 (2018).
ADS
Article
Google Scholar
7.
Lin, K. et al. Nature 562, 245–248 (2018).
ADS
Article
Google Scholar
8.
Zhao, B. et al. Nat. Photon. 12, 783–789 (2018).
ADS
Article
Google Scholar
9.
Stranks, S. D., Hoye, R. L. Z., Di, D., Friend, R. H. & Deschler, F. Adv. Mater. 1803336 (2018).
10.
Kim, K.-H. et al. Nat. Commun. 5, 4769 (2014).
ADS
Article
Google Scholar
11.
Lee, E. et al. J. Inf. Disp. 17, 151–158 (2016).
Article
Google Scholar
12.
Light and Lighting. Lighting of Work Places European Standards EN 12464-1:2011 and EN 12464-2:2014 (British Standards Institute).
13.
US General Services Administration 6.15 Lighting https://www.gsa.gov/node/82715 (2014).
14.
Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage Colorimetry 3rd edn (Technical Report CIE 15, 2004).
15.
Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage Method of Measuring and Specifying Colour Rendering of Light Sources CIE 13.3-1995 (1995).
Download references
Acknowledgements
S.D.S. and M.A. acknowledge funding from the European Research Council (ERC) (grant agreement no. 756962 (HYPERION)) and the Marie Skłodowska–Curie actions (grant agreement no. 841386) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme. S.D.S. acknowledges support from the Royal Society and Tata Group (UF150033). B.P.R. acknowledges support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under award no. FA9550-18-1-0037. R.J.H. acknowledges support from a Visiting Fellowship at Clare Hall and a Leverhulme Trust Visiting Professorship, both at the University of Cambridge, the National Science Foundation (ECCS-1509121 and DMR-1708177), and the University of Minnesota Institute on the Environment. D.C. acknowledges funding from the Royal Society. H.J.B. acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) via the Unidad de Excelencia María de Maeztu MDM-2015-0538 and MAT2017-88821-R. J.W. acknowledges support from the Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91733302). We acknowledge the EPSRC (EP/M005143/1). We thank P. Conaghan for providing data for the example LED calculations.
Author information
Affiliations
Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
Miguel Anaya, Dan Credgington, Richard H. Friend, Neil C. Greenham & Samuel D. Stranks
Department of Electrical Engineering & Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
Barry P. Rand
Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
Russell J. Holmes
Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
Henk J. Bolink
Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
Jianpu Wang
Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
Samuel D. Stranks
Corresponding author
Correspondence to Samuel D. Stranks.
Supplementary Information
Analysis of device responsivity, geometry, external quantum efficiency and luminance.
Supplementary Data 1
Photopic luminosity function data.
Supplementary Data 2
EL data.
Supplementary Data 3
J–V data.
Supplementary Data 4
Photodetector data.
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