Σάββατο 23 Νοεμβρίου 2019


Characterization of a Halotolerant Fungus from a Marine Sponge
Introduction. Marine sponges have established symbiotic interactions with a large number of microorganisms including fungi. Most of the studies so far have focussed on the characterization of sponge-associated bacteria and archaea with only a few reports on sponge-associated fungi. During the isolation and characterization of bacteria from marine sponges of South Australia, we observed multiple types of fungi. One isolate in particular was selected for further investigation due to its unusually large...
BioMed Research International
08:05
Neopterin and CXCL-13 in Diagnosis and Follow-Up of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense Sleeping Sickness: Lessons from the Field in Angola
Human African Trypanosomiasis may become manageable in the next decade with fexinidazole. However, currently stage diagnosis remains difficult to implement in the field and requires a lumbar puncture. Our study of an Angolan cohort of T. b. gambiense-infected patients used other staging criteria than those recommended by the WHO. We compared WHO criteria (cell count and parasite identification in the CSF) with two biomarkers (neopterin and CXCL-13) which have proven potential to diagnose disease...
BioMed Research International
06:05
Smart Microscope Learns to Diagnose Infectious Diseases
Experienced professionals tend to be better than rookies partly because they know how to use the tools of their trade more effectively. Cytologists who evaluate cells under a microscope become more consistent and accurate when they know how to prep their apparatus to produce clear images. Researchers at Duke University have now given a microscope the capability to intelligently adjust its settings, including the light angles, color, and patterns, to achieve optimal results when classifying...
Medgadget
Fri Nov 22, 2019 22:23
Wireless Skin VR System For Prosthetic Users
Researchers from City University of Hong Kong and Northwestern University have developed a wearable “skin” that can impart a sense of touch through vibrations on the user’s skin beneath. The device is powered and controlled wirelessly, and could provide a sense of touch for prosthetic users and aid in rehabilitation. Imparting a sense of touch for their prosthetic limbs could be a game changer for prosthetic users. However, current technologies to achieve this, which typically use vibratory...
Medgadget
Fri Nov 22, 2019 20:06
Protective Membrane for Pacemakers to Make Replacement Surgeries Easier
Researchers at ETH Zurich have developed a cellulose membrane to cover and protect implantable devices, such as pacemakers. The material can reduce fibrotic build up and make subsequent surgical removal of implants much easier. So far, the pouch-like device has been tested successfully in pigs, and the researchers hope to apply for clinical trials in conjunction with an ETH spin-off company called Hylomorph, with the eventual goal of commercializing the technology. The foreign body...
Medgadget
Fri Nov 22, 2019 17:11
A Computational Framework For Generating Rotation Invariant Features And Its Application In Diffusion MRI
Publication date: Available online 21 November 2019Source: Medical Image AnalysisAuthor(s): Mauro Zucchelli, Samuel Deslauriers-Gauthier, Rachid DericheAbstractIn this work, we present a novel computational framework for analytically generating a complete set of algebraically independent Rotation Invariant Features (RIF) given the Laplace-series expansion of a spherical function. Our computational framework provides a closed-form solution for these new invariants, which are the natural expansion...
Medical Image Analysis
Fri Nov 22, 2019 16:22
Regularized siamese neural network for unsupervised outlier detection on brain multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging: application to epilepsy lesion screening
Publication date: Available online 21 November 2019Source: Medical Image AnalysisAuthor(s): Zaruhi Alaverdyan, Julien Jung, Romain Bouet, Carole LartizienAbstractIn this study, we propose a novel anomaly detection model targeting subtle brain lesions in multiparametric MRI. To compensate for the lack of annotated data adequately sampling the heterogeneity of such pathologies, we cast this problem as an outlier detection problem and introduce a novel configuration of unsupervised deep siamese networks...
Medical Image Analysis
Fri Nov 22, 2019 16:22
Comparative morphology and trophic ecology in a population of the polymorphic lizard Sceloporus minor (Squamata: Phrynosomatidae) from central Mexico
Polymorphism among individuals of the same population has generally been linked to alternative reproductive tactics, where different morphs can exhibit differences in their morphological, ecological, and behavioral attributes. These differences may result in a divergence in diet between morphs due to differential exploitation of habitat, morphological differences that influence prey selection, or differential energy expenditure that results in different nutritional needs. The present study analyzes...
PeerJ Computer Science
Fri Nov 22, 2019 02:00
Molecular characterization of G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and protein kinase A (PKA) cDNA in Perinereis aibuhitensis and expression during benzo(a)pyrene exposure
Background G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are one of the most important molecules that transfer signals across the plasma membrane, and play central roles in physiological systems. The molecular architecture of GPCRs allows them to bind to diverse chemicals, including environmental contaminants. Methods To investigate the effects of benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) on GPCR signaling, GPCR and the protein kinase A (PKA) catalytic subunit of Perinereis aibuhitensis were cloned. The expression...
PeerJ Computer Science
Fri Nov 22, 2019 02:00
Oral toxicity of arjunolic acid on hematological, biochemical and histopathological investigations in female Sprague Dawley rats
Background Arjunolic acid (AA) is a potent phytochemical with wider pharmacological activities. Despite potential medicinal properties on various in vitro and in vivo studies, there is still a dearth of scientific data related to its safety profile and toxicological parameters. The current study aimed to investigate acute toxicity of AA in normal female Sprague Dawley rats. Methods In this study, AA was administered orally at an individual dose of 300 and 2000 mg/kg body weight to group...
PeerJ Computer Science
Fri Nov 22, 2019 02:00
Lymph node detection in MR Lymphography: false positive reduction using multi-view convolutional neural networks
Purpose To investigate whether multi-view convolutional neural networks can improve a fully automated lymph node detection system for pelvic MR Lymphography (MRL) images of patients with prostate cancer. Methods A fully automated computer-aided detection (CAD) system had been previously developed to detect lymph nodes in MRL studies. The CAD system was extended with three types of 2D multi-view convolutional neural networks...
PeerJ Computer Science
Fri Nov 22, 2019 02:00
Comprehensive analysis of differentially expressed microRNAs and mRNAs in MDBK cells expressing bovine papillomavirus E5 oncogene
Delta bovine papillomaviruses (δBPVs) causes fibropapillomas or bladder cancer in cattle. E5 is the major oncogene of δBPVs; however, the influence that E5 oncogene has on host microRNA (miRNA) and mRNA expression profiles remains little elucidated. In the present study, small RNA sequencing and RNA sequencing were used to explore alterations in miRNAs and mRNAs in E5 over-expressing Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells compared with controls. In total, 77 miRNAs (including 30 bovine-derived miRNAs)...
PeerJ Computer Science
Fri Nov 22, 2019 02:00
Long-term study of behaviors of two cohabiting sea urchin species, Mesocentrotus nudus and Strongylocentrotus intermedius, under conditions of high food quantity and predation risk in situ
Background In the predator–sea urchin–macrophyte trophic cascade, the ecological effect of sea urchins as grazers depends both on their density and the changes in foraging activity, which are influenced by various disturbing factors. However, the complete duration of the alarm reactions of echinoids has not been studied until now. Here, we tested a hypothesis that two cohabiting sea urchins, Mesocentrotus nudus and Strongylocentrotus intermedius, which differ morphologically, might display different...
PeerJ Computer Science
Fri Nov 22, 2019 02:00
The first North American Propterodon (Hyaenodonta: Hyaenodontidae), a new species from the late Uintan of Utah
The carnivorous mammalian fauna from the Uintan (late middle Eocene) of North America remains relatively poorly documented. This is unfortunate, as this is a critical interval in the transition from “creodont” to carnivoran dominated carnivore guilds. This study reports a new species from the Uinta Formation of the Uinta Basin, Utah, the first North American species of the otherwise Asian hyaenodont genus Propterodon. The new species, Propterodon witteri, represented by a dentary with M2-3 from the...
PeerJ Computer Science
Fri Nov 22, 2019 02:00
Munidopsis species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Munidopsidae) from carcass falls in Weijia Guyot, West Pacific, with recognition of a new species based on integrative taxonomy
Several squat lobster specimens of the genus Munidopsis were collected from an artificially placed carcass fall (cow bones) on Weijia Guyot in the western Pacific Ocean. Based on morphological comparisons and molecular analysis, three specimens were confirmed as juveniles of M. albatrossae Pequegnat & Pequegnat, 1973, which represents the first record of this species in the western Pacific. The other specimens collected are newly described as Munidopsis spinifrons sp. nov., which is distinguished...
PeerJ Computer Science
Fri Nov 22, 2019 02:00
Accumulation of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate from polyvinyl chloride flooring into settled house dust and the effect on the bacterial community
Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is a plasticizer used in consumer products and building materials, including polyvinyl chloride flooring material. DEHP adsorbs from material and leaches into soil, water, or dust and presents an exposure risk to building occupants by inhalation, ingestion, or absorption. A number of bacterial isolates are demonstrated to degrade DEHP in culture, but bacteria may be susceptible to it as well, thus this study examined the relation of DEHP to bacterial communities in...
PeerJ Computer Science
Fri Nov 22, 2019 02:00
Zika Virus Targeting by Screening Inhibitors against NS2B/NS3 Protease
Zika flavivirus is suspected to cause Guillain-Barre syndrome in adults and microcephaly, along with other congenital abnormalities in infants. Presently, no vaccines or therapeutics are available. Here, we report novel compounds identified by high-throughput virtual screening of Maybridge chemical database and molecular docking studies. We selected viral enzyme NS2B/NS3 serine protease as the therapeutic target because of its important role in viral replication. We selected seven potential compounds...
BioMed Research International
Fri Nov 22, 2019 10:05
Measuring Similarity among Protein Sequences Using a New Descriptor
The comparison of protein sequences according to similarity is a fundamental aspect of today’s biomedical research. With the developments of sequencing technologies, a large number of protein sequences increase exponentially in the public databases. Famous sequences’ comparison methods are alignment based. They generally give excellent results when the sequences under study are closely related and they are time consuming. Herein, a new alignment-free method is introduced. Our technique depends on...
BioMed Research International
Fri Nov 22, 2019 10:05
Molecular Mechanism of Matrine from Sophora alopecuroides in the Reversing Effect of Multi-Anticancer Drug Resistance in K562/ADR Cells
Multidrug resistance is the main obstacle to current chemotherapies. In this study, we evaluated the reversing effect of matrine, the principal alkaloid derived from Sophora alopecuroides, on chemoresistant leukemia K562/ADR cells. Matrine in a range of the nontoxic concentration was employed in the whole study. IC50s of cancer medicines were tested using WST-8 assay. Drug export and apoptotic rates were examined using flow cytometry. The mRNA and protein expressions were quantified by quantitative...
BioMed Research International
Fri Nov 22, 2019 10:05

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