Abstract Endosalpingiosis rarely affects the appendix but can be mistaken for acute appendicitis or appendiceal tumors. The medical literature regarding appendiceal endosalpingiosis is sparse; consisting of only four case reports which are primarily focused on the histopathology but provide little radiologic correlation. Endosalpingiosis is a rare condition characterized by the presence of benign fallopian tubal-like glandular epithelium derived from Mullerian ducts, usually...
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Abstract Purpose Prior iterative reconstruction (PIR) uses spatial information from one phase of enhancement to reduce image noise in other phases. We sought to determine if PIR could reduce radiation dose while preserving observer performance and CT number at multi-phase dual energy (DE) renal CT. Methods CT projection data from multi-phase...
07:48
Abstract Purpose To explore the preponderant diagnostic performances of IVIM and DKI in predicting the Gleason score (GS) of prostate cancer. Methods Diffusion-weighted imaging data were postprocessed using monoexponential, lVIM and DK models to quantitate the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), molecular diffusion coefficient (D), perfusion-related...
07:48
Abstract Purpose To establish MRI features that help differentiate atypical leiomyomas and leiomyomas with degeneration that show hyperintensity on T2WI from leiomyosarcomas. Methods and materials This retrospective study evaluated 41 women who performed MRI before undergoing hysterectomy and had histologically proven atypical leiomyomas, leiomyomas...
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Abstract Chemotherapy-induced hepatopathy includes a wide variety of parenchymal and vascular hepatic changes on imaging, including diffuse or focal hepatopathies (i.e. hepatitis, steatosis, fibrosis, pseudocirrhosis, or sinusoidal obstruction). These changes can profoundly alter the hepatic parenchyma on imaging and result in both false negative and false-positive diagnoses of hepatic metastases and lead to errors in patient management strategies. It is therefore important for...
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Abstract Purpose The objective was to evaluate the accuracy of 2D shear wave elastography (SWE) in predicting stages of liver fibrosis using five individual versus grouped measurements and different reliability criteria. Materials and methods This is a prospective study of 109 patients who underwent hepatic 2D SWE (Canon Aplio 500) prior to...
07:48
Abstract Purpose To evaluate whether AFP classification criteria correlate with tumor response measured using the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) and predicate survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). Methods Data from 143 consecutive patients with unresectable...
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Abstract Purpose To identify the incidence and outcomes of iatrogenic celiac and hepatic artery dissections during transarterial therapies, including bland embolization, chemoembolization, radioembolization (TARE), and pre-TARE scintigraphic mapping. Methods The institution’s quality assessment database, electronic medical record, and picture...
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Abstract Purpose The study evaluated the usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) texture parameters in differentiating clear cell renal carcinoma (CC-RCC) from non-clear cell carcinoma (NC-RCC) and in the histological grading of CC-RCC. Materials and methods After institutional ethical approval, this retrospective study analyzed 33 patients...
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Abstract Purpose To evaluate the diagnostic performance of superparamagnetic iron-oxide (SPIO)-enhanced diffusion-weighted image (DWI) for distinguishing an intrapancreatic accessory spleen from pancreatic tumors. Materials and methods Twenty-six cases of intrapancreatic accessory spleen and nine cases of pancreatic tail tumors [neuroendocrine...
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Understanding the persistence of genetic variation within populations has long been a goal of evolutionary biology. One promising route towards achieving this goal is using population genetic approaches to describe how selection acts on the loci associated with trait variation. In particular, gene expression provides a model trait for addressing the challenge of the maintenance of variation because it can be measured genome-wide without information about how gene expression affects traits. Previous...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 03:00
Toll-like Receptors (TLR) play a central role in recognition and host frontline defence against a wide range of pathogens. A number of recent studies have shown that Tlrs often exhibit a large polymorphism in natural populations. Yet, there is little knowledge on how this polymorphism is maintained and how it influences disease susceptibility in the wild. We investigated the selective mechanisms by which multiple-pathogens drive the genetic diversity of Tlr genes, as well as the commonly-used Mhc...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 03:00
All else being equal, the ratio of genetic diversity levels on X and autosomes at selectively neutral sites should mirror the ratio of their numbers in the population and thus equal [3/4]. Because X chromosomes spend twice as many generations in females as in males, however, the ratio of diversity levels is also affected by sex differences in life history. The effects of life history on diversity levels, notably those of sex-specific age structures and reproductive variances, have been studied for...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 03:00
Males and females feature strikingly different phenotypes, despite sharing most of their genome. A resolution of this apparent paradox is through differential gene expression, whereby genes are expressed at different levels in each sex. This resolution, however, is likely to be incomplete, leading to conflict between males and females over the optimal expression of genes. Here we test the hypothesis that gene expression in females is constrained from evolving to its optimum level due to sexually...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 03:00
Novel pathogens can cause massive declines in populations, but seldom lead to extirpation of hosts. Rather, disease can act as a selective pressure on survivors, driving the evolution of resistance or tolerance. Bat white-nose syndrome (WNS) is a rapidly spreading wildlife disease in North America. The fungus causing the disease invades skin tissues of hibernating bats, resulting in disruption of hibernation behavior, premature energy depletion, and subsequent death. We use whole-genome sequencing...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 03:00
Tree congruence metrics are typically global indices that describe the similarity or dissimilarity between dendrograms. This study principally focuses on topological congruence metrics that quantify similarity between two dendrograms and can give a normalised score between 0 and 1. Specifically, this article describes and tests two metrics the Clade Retention Index (CRI) and the MASTxCF which is derived from the combined information available from a maximum agreement subtree and a strict consensus....
Thu Sep 12, 2019 03:00
Males and females feature strikingly different phenotypes, despite sharing most of their genome. A resolution of this apparent paradox is through differential gene expression, whereby genes are expressed at different levels in each sex. This resolution, however, is likely to be incomplete, leading to conflict between males and females over the optimal expression of genes. Here we test the hypothesis that gene expression in females is constrained from evolving to its optimum level due to sexually...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 03:00
A widely accepted model for the evolution of cave animals posits colonization by surface ancestors followed by the acquisition of adaptations over many generations. However, the speed of cave adaptation in some species suggests mechanisms operating over shorter timescales. To address these mechanisms, we used Astyanax mexicanus, a teleost with ancestral surface morphs (surface fish, SF) and derived cave morphs (cavefish, CF). We exposed SF to completely dark conditions and identified numerous altered...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 03:00
Many developmental traits that are critical to the survival of the organism are also robust. These robust traits are resistant to phenotypic change in the face of variation. This presents a challenge to evolution. In this paper, we asked whether and how a well-established robust trait, Drosophila segment patterning, changed over the evolutionary history of the genus. We compared segment position scaled to body length at the first-instar larval stage among 12 Drosophila species. We found that relative...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 03:00
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to health and disease. CaMKII is a widely expressed enzyme whose activation by oxidation of regulatory domain methionines (ox-CaMKII) contributes to cardiovascular disease, asthma, and cancer. Here we integrate comparative genomic and experimental data to show that CaMKII activation by ROS arose more than half-a-billion years ago on the vertebrate stem lineage where it constituted a bridge between ROS and increased intracellular Ca2+ release, exercise responsive...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 03:00
The interplay between hybridization and reproductive isolation is critical to the origin and maintenance of species. Hybridization between species is known to affect reproductive barrier strength. An extension of this relationship is the expectation that asymmetric hybridization and gene flow will have asymmetric effects on reproductive barrier strength. We tested this hypothesis in a pair of morning glory species which exhibit asymmetric gene flow in sympatry from highly selfing Ipomoea lacunosa...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 03:00
The Rapidly Accelerated Fibrosarcoma (RAF) kinases are part of large group of serine/threonine-specific protein kinases that play important roles in cell differentiation and organism development. Animal RAF kinases are key connectors in the signaling cascade that links the small G protein RAS and the Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation pathway. Mutations in the RAF genes have been linked to a number of cancers including melanoma, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, thyroid cancer, and ovarian...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 03:00
One-quarter of extant Eukaryotic species are herbivorous insects, yet the genomic basis of this extraordinary adaptive radiation is unclear. Recently-derived herbivorous species hold promise for understanding how colonization of living plant tissues shaped the evolution of herbivore genomes. Here, we characterized exceptional patterns of evolution coupled with a recent (<15 mya) transition to herbivory of mustard plants (Brassicaceae, including Arabidopsis thaliana) in the fly genus Scaptomyza,...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 03:00
Background Genetic Exchange in Trypanosoma cruzi is controversial not only in relation to its frequency but also in relation to its mechanism. A mechanism of parasexuality has been proposed based on laboratory hybrids, but population genomics strongly suggests meiosis. In addition, mitochondrial introgression has been reported several times in natural isolates although its mechanism is not clear. Moreover, hybrid DTUs (TcV and TcVI) have inherited at least part of the kinetoplastic DNA (kDNA = mitochondrial...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 03:00
Abstract Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) revised its 2009 Opinion on the appropriate age for introduction of complementary feeding of infants. This age has been evaluated considering the effects on health outcomes, nutritional aspects and infant development, and depends on the individual's characteristics and development. As long as foods have an age‐appropriate texture, are nutritionally appropriate and prepared following...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 15:58
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