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The QJM has provided a platform for publishing outstanding ‘State-of-the-Art’ clinical reviews1–4 and we continue this tradition in the current issue of the Journal with a clinical update by Dr Mathur and colleagues from the Aberdeen Royal Infirmary on the common and often difficult to treat—chronic cough.
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Abstract Introduction Extreme hypofractionated radiotherapy for prostate cancer is a common modality in photon therapy. Pencil beam scanning (PBS) in similar fractionation allows better dose distribution and makes proton therapy more available for such patients. The purpose of this study is the feasibility of extreme proton hypofractionated radiotherapy and publication of early clinical results. Methods Two hundred patients with early‐stage prostate cancer were treated with IMPT (intensity‐modulated...
Wed Sep 04, 2019 19:18
Summary The majority of complications following microwave ablation (MWA) of lung tumours are immediately evident, however, delayed complications do occasionally occur. The radiologist plays a major role in identifying and in guiding the management of these complications. This pictorial essay explores the imaging appejmironce of several potentially life‐threatening delayed complications of pulmonary MWA.
Wed Sep 04, 2019 19:20
Abstract Aim The aim of this study was to determine dosimetric factors, such as mean dose and oesophageal length, which may influence the incidence and severity of oesophagitis in breast cancer patients receiving radiotherapy to the supraclavicular nodes. Methods This was a single‐arm prospective observational study. Toxicity grading was undertaken twice weekly to determine the onset of grade 2 oesophagitis in consecutive patients prescribed IMRT to the breast or chest wall and supraclavicular...
Wed Sep 04, 2019 19:29
J Neurol Surg BDOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1696684 Objectives Cranioorbital lesions present a great challenge for neurosurgeons and ophthalmologists. There is no consensus on the choice of surgical approach. The aims of this study were to investigate 49 cases of cranioorbital lesions and evaluate surgical approaches and outcomes. Patients and Methods A retrospective study was done on 49 patients (51 operations) from 2009 to 2018. Information about the lesion was used to decide whether...
Wed Sep 04, 2019 02:00
J Neurol Surg BDOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1694053 Objective To investigate on the feasibility and safety of a new approach which consists of delaying instrumentation after destabilizing craniovertebral junction (CVJ) chordoma surgery, allowing proton beam radiotherapy to be performed in a metal-free tumoral cavity. Design This is a retrospective series of a prospectively maintained database. Participants Five consecutive patients operated on for a CVJ chordomas...
Wed Sep 04, 2019 02:00
J Neurol Surg BDOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1696999 Objective To identify perioperative factors that may predict postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak and meningitis following expanded endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (EETS). Study Design This is a retrospective study. This study was set at the Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles. A total of 78 patients who underwent EETS between January 2007 and November 2018 were participated. The main outcome measures were CSF leak...
Wed Sep 04, 2019 02:00
Abstract Background Bruxism is among the habits considered generally as contributory factors for temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders and its etiology is still controversial. Methods Three-dimensional models of maxilla and mandible and teeth of 37 patients and 36 control subjects were created using in-vivo image data. The maximum values of...
Wed Sep 04, 2019 03:00
Abstract Background To determine the accuracy of volumetric measurements of the mandible in vitro by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to analyze the influence of voxel sizes and segmentation threshold settings on it. Methods The samples were obtained from pig mandibles and scanned with 4 voxel sizes: .125 mm, .20 mm, .30 mm, and .40 mm....
Wed Sep 04, 2019 03:00
Abstract Background The oral flagellated protozoan Trichomonas tenax has been associated with patients with periodontal disease. However, no recent studies have been conducted on the prevalence of T. tenax in Chile. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of T. tenax in patients with periodontal disease, admitted to the Dental Clinic of the University of Antofagasta, Chile, through Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification...
Wed Sep 04, 2019 03:00
Abstract Background To evaluate early failure and possible risk factors for failure of dental implants placed under practice-based conditions. Methods To clarify the research question, anonymized data from 106 patients with 186 dental implants were analyzed. The presence of sucessful healing (yes/no) at the time of incorporation of the final...
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Abstract This preliminary study provides a combined sound therapeutic strategy (called T‐MIST) for the management of tinnitus patients with normal hearing thresholds. It takes into account individual tinnitus characteristics and personal choices of sounds to provide an efficient intervention. High‐resolution pure tone audiometry was used to measure precise tinnitus pitch and loudness. A Residual Inhibition Test (RIT) was performed using narrow band noise matched to tinnitus frequency at...
Wed Sep 04, 2019 21:39
Abstract Objective In the literature, there is a lack of complete description of dural arteries of the dorsoclival area with contradictory data. However, dorsoclival area is a site of tumors and vascular malformation or the skull base. That is why, the knowledge of dural arteries is very important. Methods Using a colored silicone mix preparation, fifteen...
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Abstract Background Transverse ligament tubercles are unique structures that maintain the stability of the upper cervical spine. However, the density variations of tubercles in different clinical contexts or populations have not been carefully studied through multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between...
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Cancers, Vol. 11, Pages 1308: GLUT1 and TUBB4 in Glioblastoma Could be Efficacious Targets Cancers doi: 10.3390/cancers11091308 Authors: Maheedhara R. Guda Collin M. Labak Sara Ibrahim Omar Swapna Asuthkar Subra Airala Jack Tuszynski Andrew J. Tsung Kiran K. Velpula Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive and deadly brain tumor, portending a median 13-month survival even following gross total resection with adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This...
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Abstract Aminotransferases (ATs) are important biocatalysts for the synthesis of chiral amines because of their capability of introducing amino group into ketones or keto acids as well as their high enantioselectivity, high regioselectivity. Among all ATs, branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase (BCAT) can use branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) as substrate, including L-valine, L-leucine, and L-isoleucine, with α-ketoglutarate to form the corresponding α-keto acids and L-glutamate....
Wed Sep 04, 2019 03:00
Abstract The utilization of rubber (poly (cis-1,4-isoprene)) by rubber-degrading bacteria depends on the synthesis of rubber oxygenases that cleave the polymer extracellularly to low molecular weight products that can be taken up and used as a carbon source. All so far described Gram-negative rubber-degrading species use two related ≈ 70 kDa rubber oxygenases (RoxA and RoxB) for the primary attack of rubber while all described Gram-positive rubber-degrading strains use RoxA/RoxB-unrelated...
Wed Sep 04, 2019 03:00
Abstract Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) inducing RNA interference (RNAi) is expected to be applicable to management of agricultural pests. In this study, we selected a ladybird beetle, Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata, as a model target pest that devours vegetable leaves, and examined the effects of feeding the pest sterilized microbes highly accumulating a target dsRNA for RNAi induction. We constructed an efficient production system for diap1*-dsRNA, which suppresses expression...
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Abstract A nitrogen-starving isolation strategy was developed for the first time to screen bacteria with high calcium-precipitating activity (CPA) for bioremediation of damage in porous media. Meanwhile, a novel mini-tube method based on the detection of insoluble Ca2+ was established to evaluate the CPA of the isolates. A low-nitrogen-demanding strain B6, identified as Bacillus sp., was screened to exhibit the highest CPA (55 mM insoluble Ca2+). Furthermore, the effects of environmental...
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Abstract Purpose Familial isolated hyperparathyroidism (FIHP) is a rare inherited disease accounting for 1% of all cases of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). It is genetically heterogeneous being associated with mutations in different genes, including MEN1, CDC73, CASR, and recently GCM2. The aim of the study was to further investigate the molecular pathogenesis in Italian FIHP kindreds. ...
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Abstract Purpose Secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (SFRP4) is an adipokine involving in apoptotic process during ovulation and energy metabolism. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common reproductive and metabolic disorder associated with insulin resistance and impaired oocyte maturation as well as apoptotic dysfunctions through oocyte development. Our aim was to determine whether there was an alteration in levels of SFRP4 and if...
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In vivo and in vitro evidence has shown that mushrooms have the potential to prevent prostate cancer. However, the relationship between mushroom consumption and incident prostate cancer in humans has never been investigated. In the present study, a total of 36,499 men, aged 40–79 years, who participated in the Miyagi Cohort Study in 1990 and in the Ohsaki Cohort Study in 1994 were followed for a median of 13.2 years. Data on mushroom consumption (categorized as <1, 1–2 and ≥3 times/week) was...
Wed Sep 04, 2019 20:01
Analyst, 2019, Accepted ManuscriptDOI: 10.1039/C9AN01466G, PaperTao Gao, Wenxin Chai, Liu Shi, Hai Shi, Anzhi Sheng, Jie Yang, Genxi LiThe early detection of low abundant anti-hepatitis C virus antibody (anti-HCV Ab) is critical for efficient diagnosis and treatment of HCV infection. In this work, a new colorimetric assay method...The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
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Abstract Rationale Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) is a cross-species neuroimaging technique that can measure concentrations of several brain metabolites, including glutamate and GABA. This non-invasive method has promise in developing centrally acting drugs, as it can be performed repeatedly within-subjects and be used to translate findings from the preclinical to clinical laboratory using the same imaging biomarker. ...
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Τις δυσμενείς επιπτώσεις που έχει η ατμοσφαιρική ρύπανση που δημιουργούν τα καυσαέρια των πετρελαιοκινητήρων στην καρδιαγγειακή υγεία επιβεβαιώνει ελληνική μελέτη που παρουσιάστηκε στο Ευρωπαϊκό και Παγκόσμιο Συνέδριο Καρδιολογίας στο Παρίσι. Συγκεκριμένα, ο καρδιολόγος κ. Πέτρος Φουντουλάκης παρουσίασε μελέτη που περιλήφθηκε στα βραβεία για τον καλύτερο νέο ερευνητή λαμβάνοντας το 2ο βραβείο πανευρωπαϊκά. Στην εργασία αυτή που έγινε στο πλαίσιο της Α’ Πανεπιστημιακής Καρδιολογικής Κλινικής που...
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Νέα έρευνα από το Πανεπιστήμιο του Kentucky επιβεβαίωσε ότι η παρουσία των χρωμοσωμάτων του φύλου XX αυξάνει την ποσότητα του λίπους που κυκλοφορεί στο αίμα, φαινόμενο που οδηγεί σε στένωση των αρτηριών και τελικά υψηλότερο κίνδυνο καρδιακής προσβολής και στεφανιαίας νόσου. Η έρευνα δημοσιεύθηκε στο Nature Communications. Η στεφανιαία νόσος αποτελεί την κύρια αιτία θανάτου των γυναικών, έχει παρατηρηθεί, όμως, ότι η ασθένεια αυτή εμφανίζεται στις γυναίκες σχεδόν 10 χρόνια αργότερα από ό,τι στους...
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Αρκεί ένα και μοναδικό σοβαρό τραύμα στο κεφάλι για να οδηγήσει μερικούς ανθρώπους σε εγκεφαλική βλάβη και σε άνοια πολύ αργότερα, μετά από δεκαετίες, ακόμη και αν ο ασθενής είχε προ πολλού θεραπευθεί πλήρως, σύμφωνα με μια νέα βρετανική επιστημονική έρευνα, με συμμετοχή ενός Έλληνα νευροεπιστήμονα της διασποράς. Οι ερευνητές, με επικεφαλής τον καθηγητή Ντέιβιντ Σαρπ του Κολεγίου Imperial του Λονδίνου, που έκαναν τη σχετική δημοσίευση στο Science Translational Medicine, χρησιμοποίησαν τομογραφία...
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Τα άτομα που ακολουθούν τον υγιεινότερο τρόπο ζωής έχουν 75% χαμηλότερο κίνδυνο να εκδηλώσουν διαβήτη τύπου 2, συγκριτικά με όσους ακολουθούν έναν ελάχιστα υγιεινό τρόπο ζωής, σύμφωνα με νέα μελέτη που δημοσιεύθηκε στο Diabetologia. Μάλιστα, στους πάσχοντες από διαβήτη τύπου 2 ο υγιεινός τρόπος ζωής συντελεί επίσης σε μειωμένο κίνδυνο καρδιαγγειακού νοσήματος και μικρότερο κίνδυνο θανάτου από οποιαδήποτε αιτία, περιλαμβανομένων των καρδιαγγειακών νοσημάτων και του καρκίνου. Ο αριθμός των ατόμων...
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Ένα τεστ ούρων που θα αλλάζει χρώμα αν εντοπίσει καρκίνο θα μπορούσε να συμβάλει σημαντικά στη διάγνωση της ασθένειας στο μέλλον, σύμφωνα με τα ευρήματα μιας νέα επιστημονικής μελέτης από το Imperial College του Λονδίνου και το Τεχνολογικό Ινστιτούτο της Μασαχουσέτης (MIT) που δημοσιεύθηκε στο Nature Nanotechnology. Δοκιμές που πραγματοποιήθηκαν σε ποντίκια έδειξαν ότι η θεωρία αυτή λειτουργεί και στην πράξη, με το χρώμα στα δείγματα ούρων των τρωκτικών να αλλάζει σε ανοιχτό μπλε αν έπασχαν από...
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Επιστήμονες στη Βρετανία ανακοίνωσαν ότι για πρώτη φορά εντόπισαν περιοχές του ανθρώπινου γονιδιώματος που σχετίζονται με την αριστεροχειρία στο γενικό πληθυσμό και συσχέτισαν αυτές τις περιοχές με επιπτώσεις στην αρχιτεκτονική του εγκεφάλου των αριστερόχειρων. Περίπου το 90% των ανθρώπων είναι δεξιόχειρες εδώ και τουλάχιστον 10.000 χρόνια, ενώ ένας στους δέκα είναι αριστερόχειρας. Η βιολογική βάση της αριστεροχειρίας παραμένει ένα μυστήριο μέχρι σήμερα. Οι ερευνητές του Πανεπιστημίου της Οξφόρδης,...
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Abstract Introduction As one of the most obvious signs of aging, wrinkles have long been the concern of many people and continue to be a major topic in dermal‐cosmetic industry. Accordingly, there is a need to develop products with good efficacy and safety profile. The Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim (ZBM) extract is a natural food which may possess the property of a toxin‐like botulinum. Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a formulation that contains 2% ZBM pericarp extract in...
Tue Sep 03, 2019 17:28
Ecosystems worldwide are suffering from climate change. Coral reef ecosystems are globally threatened by increasing sea surface temperatures. However, gene expression plasticity provides the potential for organisms to respond rapidly and effectively to environmental changes, and would be favored in variable environments. In this study, we investigated the thermal stress response in Pocillopora coral colonies from two contrasting environments by exposing them to heat stress. We compared the physiological...
Wed Sep 04, 2019 03:00
Microbial endosymbiosis is widespread in animals, with major ecological and evolutionary implications. Successful symbiosis relies on efficient vertical transmission through host generations. However, when symbionts negatively affect host fitness, hosts are expected to evolve suppression of symbiont effects or transmission. Here we show that sex chromosomes control vertical transmission of feminizing Wolbachia endosymbionts in the isopod Armadillidium nasatum. Theory predicts that the invasion of...
Wed Sep 04, 2019 03:00
Hybridization is differentially manifested across the genome, with observed introgression representing a balance between selection and migration. The capacity to quantify introgression and subsequently pinpoint the constituent genetic elements governing cross-species exchange has been promoted by the unprecedented resolution of contemporary sequencing technologies. Furthermore, the availability of annotated reference genomes has allowed genomic patterns to be associated with ecologically relevant...
Wed Sep 04, 2019 03:00
HIV-1 group M was transmitted to humans nearly one century ago. The virus has since diversified to form distinct clades, which spread to multiple regions worldwide. Of the different proteins encoded by HIV-1, the envelope glycoproteins (Envs) have diversified most rapidly in all infected populations. We compared the range of variants that emerged during the AIDS pandemic in diverse HIV-1 clades and distinct geographic regions. Our analyses focused on two components of Env that contain multiple epitopes...
Wed Sep 04, 2019 03:00
Searching for the population genomic signals left behind by positive selection is a major focus of evolutionary biology, particularly as sequencing technologies develop and costs decline. The effect of the number of chromosome copies (i.e. ploidy) on the manifestation of these signals remains an outstanding question, despite a wide appreciation of ploidy being a fundamental parameter governing numerous biological processes. We clarify the principal forces governing the differential manifestation...
Wed Sep 04, 2019 03:00
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