Background: The appropriate extent of lymphadenectomy on gastric cancer patients with positive peritoneal cytology (CY1) is uncertain. This study retrospectively compared overall survival (OS) after standard and limited lymphadenectomy. Patients and Methods: The medical records from four institutions from 2004 to 2018 were reviewed and data for 91 patients with CY1, but no other distant metastases, who underwent gastrectomy were analyzed. D2 or greater lymphadenectomy and less than D2 lymphadenectomy...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 19:26
Background/Aim: To investigate the function of preferentially expressed antigen of melanoma (PRAME) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Materials and Methods: mRNA expression levels of PRAME were analyzed in resected esophageal tissues of 150 ESCC patients and correlated with clinicopathological parameters. We also investigated the potential function of PRAME by analyzing coordinately expressed genes in 13 ESCC cell lines. Results: RT-qPCR analysis of clinical samples revealed aberrantly...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 19:26
Background/Aim: We performed multimodality therapy comprising preoperative chemotherapy, extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP), and radiation therapy for patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Although multimodality therapy resulted in good prognosis, further improvement is required. Therefore, herein, we analysed the prognostic factors using surgical specimens and searched for suitable molecular targets to improve the prognosis after multidisciplinary treatment. Patients and Methods: Forty-six...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 19:26
Background/Aim: The presence of ascites in ovarian cancer patients is considered a negative prognostic factor. The underlying mechanisms are not clearly understood. Materials and Methods: The amount of ascites was evaluated, preferably, using diffusion-weighted MRI at primary diagnosis in a retrospective cohort of 214 women with ovarian cancer, in an ordinal manner (amount of ascites: none, limited, moderate, abundant). In a prospective cohort comprising 45 women with ovarian cancer, IL-10 (interleukin),...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 19:26
Background/Aim: We have yet to understand why JAK2-positive myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) patients manifest different phenotypes despite harboring JAK2 mutations and what drives secondary transformations. Patients and Methods: Using targeted sequencing, we analyzed mutational status of 17 polycythemia vera (PV), 16 essential thrombocythemia (ET), 8 primary myelofibrosis (PMF) patients who tested positive for JAK by polymerase chain reaction. Results: The somatic mutations in JAK2 influence the...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 19:26
Background/Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate matrix metalloproteinase 11 (MMP11) as a promising biomarker in human pancreatic cancer. Materials and Methods: A consecutive eliminating method was used to select biomarker candidates in pancreatic cancer. mRNA and protein expression levels of candidates were determined in tissues and whole blood samples of healthy donors and pancreatic cancer patients. The prognostic value of MMP11 was determined using various data-sets and Liptak's Z analysis....
Fri Nov 08, 2019 19:26
Background/Aim: Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) could be clinically undetectable despite the relatively large size of lymph node metastases. Here, we aimed to elucidate the correlation of p16 expression with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers. Patients and Methods: Radically resected 121 OPSCC and 270 non-OPSCC tissue samples were included in the analysis, and p16, Twist, and Snail/Slug immunohistochemistry was performed. Results: Compared to non-OPSCCs, OPSCCs were...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 19:26
Background/Aim: Lenvatinib is a potent inhibitor of receptor tyrosine kinases, targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR1-3), fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR1-4), KIT, and RET. Here, we investigated the antiproliferative effects of lenvatinib in liver cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Materials and Methods: Eleven hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines and two combined hepatocellular/cholangiocarcinoma cell lines were treated with 0-30 μM lenvatinib. Cell growth, apoptosis...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 19:26
Background/Aim: To evaluate the chronological changes in health-related quality of life and treatment satisfaction after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). Patients and Methods: A total of 196 patients were included, and treatment satisfaction was evaluated using the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC) score before and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after RARP. Results: At 12 months after RARP, 64.8% of patients were satisfied. On the contrary, 4.6% of patients were dissatisfied...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 19:26
Background/Aim: DJ-1, an oncogenic molecule, helps to maintain somatic stem cells by reducing the intracellular level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study investigated the role of DJ-1 in glioma stem cells (GSCs). Materials and Methods: U87-MG (U87) and U251-MG (U251) glioblastoma cell lines that express wild-type and mutant p53, respectively, were used. These were cultured with DJ-1-targeting siRNA and subjected to a variety of in vitro experiments or intracranial transplantation into nude...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 19:26
Background/Aim: Although few studies have shown the effectiveness of adjuvant therapy with acridine orange (AO) for soft tissue sarcoma (STS) patients, no study has investigated this among cases with marginal resection. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of AO therapy directly by comparing it to marginal resection cases that did not receive AO. Patients and Methods: This retrospective study included 19 and 33 patients with STS who received AO therapy (AO group) and marginal resection...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 19:26
Background/Aim: This study aimed to discuss the effect and possible molecular mechanisms of Aurora-A/NF-ĸB signaling on the radiotherapy resistance of human docetaxel-resistant lung adenocarcinoma cells. Materials and Methods: The human lung adenocarcinoma SPC-A1 and SPC-A1/DTX cell lines were utilized in the present study. The MTT assay measured the sensitivity of cells to radiotherapy. The tumor-initiating ability of the cells was detected in vitro by cloning assays. Apoptosis was quantified by...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 19:26
Background/Aim: Intracorporeal anastomosis (IA) in laparoscopic colectomy for colon cancer is technically difficult, and there is a lack of consensus on the risk of bacterial contamination and cancer cell dissemination. In this study, short- and long-term outcomes of IA were examined. Patients and Methods: Short and long-term outcomes of those who underwent IA (n=44) or extracorporeal anastomosis (EA) (n=61) were compared. Results: IA was better than EA for blood loss, incision length, and first...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 19:26
Background/Aim: In the present study, we aimed to determine the efficacy of trabectedin (TRAB) combined with oxaliplatinum (OXA)+5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on a colorectal cancer (CRC) patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse model. Materials and Methods: A patient CRC tumor previously established in nude mice was implanted subcutaneously in transgenic green fluorescence protein (GFP)-expressing nude mice. Harvested tumor fragments were transplanted orthotopically in non-transgenic nude mice....
Fri Nov 08, 2019 19:26
Background/Aim: The histone demethylase NO66 regulates gene and protein expression. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a key oncogenic factor for glioblastoma. This study aimed to examine the role of NO66 in glioblastoma. Materials and Methods: The prognostic value of NO66 expression in 263 human glioma tissues and 510 glioblastoma tissues was examined by Kaplan and Meier survival analysis. Immunoblot analysis of EGFR expression, cell proliferation assays and cell cycle analysis were performed...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 19:26
Aim: To improve survival in patients with glucocorticoid-resistant T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), it is critical to develop new therapeutic strategies to overcome steroid resistance. Materials and Methods: Biochemical and molecular methodologies were used to evaluate whether tissue transglutaminase (TG2) confers steroid resistance in T-ALL. Results: T-ALL cells were found to express elevated levels of TG2. Models of steroid-adapted subclones of T-ALL cell lines which were notably less...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 19:26
Background/Aim: We previously reported that expression of melanoma-associated antigen (MAGE)-D4 mRNA was a prognostic factor for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The aim of this study was to validate the expression of MAGE-D4 in two additional patient cohorts, and to investigate its biological functions. Materials and Methods: The role of MAGE-D4 in cell proliferation, adhesion, and migration was determined by gene knockdown experiments in the KYSE590 cell line. MAGE-D4 protein expression...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 19:26
Aim: To investigate the feasibility of hookwire-guided sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) using contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) followed by a one-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) assay. Patients and Methods: Clinical T1-2N0M0 breast cancer patients scheduled to undergo SLNB participated in this study. Both Sonazoid® and dye were used as tracers, and the most upstream sentinel lymph node (SLN) at each lymphatic flow detected by CEUS (First-SLN) was sampled under hookwire guidance, a...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 19:26
Background/Aim: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) is a poor prognostic marker in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC). Previous studies have shown a link between hypoxia and CA19-9 in cancer, and we have previously demonstrated a correlation between HDAC1 and HIF-1α in IHCC. Here, we evaluated the expression and correlation of CA19-9 with HIF-1 and HDAC in IHCC. Patients and Methods: This study included 62 patients with IHCC who underwent primary hepatectomy at our department. Clinicopathological...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 19:26
Aim: This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the associations between low and high-fat dairy food (DF) intake and breast density (BD). Materials and Methods: A total of 775 premenopausal and 771 postmenopausal women recruited during screening mammography completed a food frequency questionnaire. Adjusted linear regression models were used to assess the associations. Results: As frequency quartiles of high-fat DF consumption increased, the adjusted mean of absolute BD increased from 31.5 to 36.1...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 19:26
Background/Aim: Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) are a heterogeneous class of particles that differ in size and density from each other. Small dense LDL (sdLDL) particles are considered more atherogenic than larger particles. The aim of the study was to evaluate serum levels of sdLDL in patients who died from cardiovascular diseases (CVD) or cancer in a cohort of patients followed up in the De Bellis Research Hospital for 20 years. Patients and Methods: A total of 75 participants who died of cancer...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 19:26
Background/Aim: Elderly cancer patients are more prevalent and require special attention. This study focused on the outcome of elderly (≥65 years) rectal cancer patients treated with tri-modality therapy. Patients and Methods: A total of 105 patients receiving neoadjuvant radio-chemotherapy and resection for locally advanced rectal cancers were retrospectively evaluated. Nine characteristics were analyzed for loco-regional control (LRC), metastases-free survival (MFS) and overall survival (OS) including...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 19:26
Background/Aim: We have previously reported that alternate-day S-1 had comparable effects and milder adverse events than the respective consecutive-day regimen in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the anticancer effects of both regimens and underlying mechanisms in vitro. Materials and Methods: Two head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines were treated with 5-FU given on an alternate-day or consecutive-day schedule. The relative inhibition...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 19:26
Background/Aim: The present study aimed to prospectively examine the usefulness of interferon-gamma (IFN-) release (IGR) as a biomarker in non-small-cell lung cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment (ICI-Tx). Patients and Methods: IGR was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at four time points: within 14 days before ICI-Tx (T1), and 8±3 (T2), 22±7 (T3), and 43±7 (T4) days after ICI-Tx. Results: Twenty-nine patients were divided into three groups based on IFN-...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 19:26
Background/Aim: For patients undergoing cancer surgery, the risk for cancer progression is enhanced during the perioperative period. To what extent the type of anesthetic can affect the metastatic process and finally the outcome of patients with cancer is under debate. For this reason, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the volatile anesthetics sevoflurane and desflurane on colon cancer cells in vitro. Materials and Methods: SW480 colon carcinoma cells were exposed for 3 or 6...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 19:26
Background/Aim: Therapeutic targeting of receptor protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) has proven successful in treating cancer. However, reports about PTKs in treating prostate cancer are few. Elevated expression of the erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular receptor A2 (EPHA2) receptor tyrosine kinase, a transmembrane protein, is associated with poor prognosis of certain cancer types when the enzyme is dephosphorylated. This study investigated whether EPHA2 is useful in predicting the biochemical recurrence...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 19:26
Background/Aim: The prognosis of patients with osteosarcoma is poor; therefore, new treatment strategies are urgently needed. Phosphodiesterase 2 (PDE2) is one of the 11 families (PDE1–PDE11) of the phosphodiesterase superfamily that regulates the intracellular concentrations and effects of cAMP and cGMP. This in vitro study was performed to investigate the role of PDE2 in human oral osteosarcoma HOSM-1 cells. Materials and Methods: PDE2 expression was measured by a cAMP-PDE assay and real-time-PCR....
Fri Nov 08, 2019 19:26
Background/Aim: The present study aimed to examine the influence of antibiotics (AB) on the clinical outcomes of Japanese patients treated with immune check point inhibitors (ICIs) for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients. Patients and Methods: A total of 31 patients with metastatic RCC treated with ICIs from November 2016 to April 2019 were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. Results: Five patients were treated with AB prior to ICIs treatment. Median progression free survival (PFS)...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 19:26
Background/Aim: Treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) does not reflect immune interactions between tumours and macro-organisms. Serpin B9 is known as an inhibitor of Granzyme B. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the expression of Serpin B9 in CRC and healthy colon tissue on prognosis. Patients and Methods: This retrospective study included 74 CRC patients in all stages. Analysis of gene expression was performed with quantitative polymerase chain reaction with reverse transcription...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 19:26
Background/Aim: The usefulness of C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR) as a predictive indicator for clinically-relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (CR-POPF) after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is unclear. We performed a retrospective analysis to identify reliable inflammatory indicators for prediction of CR-POPF after PD. Patients and Methods: We enrolled 160 consecutive patients who underwent PD. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. The areas under curves (AUCs) were...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 19:26
Background/Aim: Thrombin plays significant roles in various types of cancer. However, the expression levels of prothrombin, the thrombin precursor, in cancer remain unclear. Variants of the 3’end of the prothrombin gene lead to increased prothrombin expression. This study aimed to analyze prothrombin 3’end gene variants in colon tumor and adjacent normal tissue samples. Materials and Methods: The study group consisted of 93 patients suffering from colon adenocarcinoma. The 3’end of the prothrombin...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 19:26
Background/Aim: A minority of grade I meningiomas (MG1s) recur after surgical resection and their progression is associated with high grade transformation (HGT). This study aimed to characterize the clinicoradiological features of recurrent MGs (RMG) with HGT. Patients and Methods: We identified 17 patients diagnosed with MG1 who then underwent surgery for RMG. Patients were categorized into HGT group vs. non-HGT (nHGT) group based on RMG histological grade and clinicoradiological features were comparatively...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 19:26
Background/Aim: Oncolytic adenoviruses are promising therapeutic agents against both the bulk of tumor cells and cancer stem cells. The present study intended to test the oncolytic capability of adenovirus serotype 6 (Ad6), which has a lower seroprevalence and hepatotoxicity relatively to adenovirus 5 (Ad5), against the glioblastoma and its cancer stem cells. Materials and Methods: Oncolytic efficacy of Ad6 was compared to widespread Ad5 both in vitro and in vivo, using the U87 and U251 human glioblastoma...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 19:26
Background/Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase (GALNS) as a new biomarker candidate for detecting lung cancer. Glycodelin or PAEP, the serum levels of which are known to be elevated in lung and other cancers, served as a benchmark for comparison. Patients and Methods: A total of 170 serum samples from healthy controls and patients with pneumonia, lung cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer, liver cancer, and head and neck cancer were analyzed for the levels of...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 19:26
Background: RAS GTPase-activating protein-binding protein (G3BP1) is an RNA-binding protein that is essential for assembling stress granules. Many functions related to the survival and progression of cancer have been reported. The current study aimed to investigate the role of G3BP1 in radio-sensitisation of cancer cells. Materials and Methods: Radiation sensitivity and chemosensitivity were analysed in A549 and H460 cells transfected with G3BP1 siRNAs, and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) was used to elucidate...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 19:26
Background/Aim: To characterize the demographics, tumor staging and treatment of African American (AA) patients diagnosed with melanoma in the United States. Patients and Methods: The National Cancer Database was used to extrapolate data from patients with melanoma between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2015. The patients were then further divided based on ethnicity (AAs vs. Caucasians) to compare patient efficacy of treatment. Results: The mean time for AA patients to receive treatment was 20.37...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 19:26
Background/Aim: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common in the world and its prevalence is rapidly increasing. Jagged-1-activated Notch signaling by apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1 (APEX1) promotes CRC, and high expression of Jagged-1 is associated with poor prognosis. However, its clinical implication is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical role of Jagged-1-activated Notch signaling by APEX1. Materials and Methods: The 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) 2,...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 19:26
Background/Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the significance of immunonutritional and physical index in the assessment of risk associated with pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) in the elderly. Patients and Methods: This study enrolled 92 patients who underwent PD. They were divided into 2 groups: Group A included patients 79 years and younger (n=79) and Group B patients 80 years and older (n=13). Among 37 patients, physical function and body composition were also evaluated. Results: Significantly...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 19:26
Aim: The present investigation aimed to examine the therapeutic potential of the new coumarin derivative bis(4-hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-one) coumarin (4HC) against breast cancer. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, the effects of 4HC treatment on the proliferation of MCF-7 breast cancer cells and on MCF-10a non-cancerous cells were evaluated using a fluorescent assay. Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were measured by image cytometry. The expression level of aromatase (CYP19A1) and apoptosis-related...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 19:26
Background/Aim: To analyze whether demographic and facility type characteristics cause inequality in the type of biopsy performed in patients with cutaneous melanoma. Patients and Methods: The skin cancer National Cancer Database was assessed. Men and women of all ages with cutaneous melanoma in situ and malignant melanoma at any stage of the disease were included. Patients were selected who underwent one of the following biopsy types: excisional, punch, shave, or incisional. Bivariate and multivariate...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 19:26
Background/Aim: Colon cancer is the second most common deadliest malignancy in the world and better understanding of its underlying mechanisms is needed to improve clinical management. Natural plant extracts are gaining attention in the development of new therapeutic strategies against various cancer types. Shikonin is a naturally extracted naphthoquinone pigment with effects against cancer, including colon cancer. Materials and Methods: In this study, we conducted a series of in vitro experiments...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 19:26
Background/Aim: Radiotherapy (RT) with adjuvant hormone therapy (HT) improves prognosis in prostate cancer (PC) patients. Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) with luteinizing hormone–releasing hormone (LH-RH) analogues is the standard HT. High-dose antiandrogen therapy also improves survival in patients with locally advanced PC. The aim of this study was to compare the results of patients treated with RT plus GnRHa and patients treated with RT plus bicalutamide. Patients and Methods:...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 19:26
Aim: The aim of the study was to identify novel biomarkers that are vital for improving management of patients with gastric cancer (GC). Materials and Methods: An RNA-sequencing analysis was conducted using gastric tissue from patients with metastatic GC. In vitro cell functions were evaluated by siRNA-mediated knockdown assays. A total of 230 pairs of gastric tissue were subjected to expression analysis of mRNA and protein in situ. The serum levels of the candidate biomarker were determined by ELISA....
Fri Nov 08, 2019 19:26
Background/Aim: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is characterized by the occurrence of multisystem tumors, among which the most characteristic are optic pathway gliomas (OPGs) and plexiform neurofibromas (PNFs). With the development of new anticancer drugs targeting the immune system, it is important to examine the immunological status of patients with NF1. Furthermore, the immune system has been suggested as a probable modulator of NF1-associated phenotypes. The objective of this study was the analysis...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 19:26
Aim: To investigate the effect of carnosine, an active compound of dietary beef, fish and chicken, on the regulation of cell adhesion and extravasation during metastasis. Materials and Methods: Cell adhesion and extravasation abilities, and related regulating molecular mechanisms were analyzed in human colorectal cancer cells (HCT-116) and human umbilical vein cells (EA.hy926). Results: Carnosine reduced the ability of HCT-116 cells to adhere to EA.hy926 cells. The expression levels of integrin-β1...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 19:26
Background: Cytokines, metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) take part in many processes involved in tumor progression and invasion such as degradation of the extracellular matrix, influence on immune cells associated with tumor tissue, and angiogenesis. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the concentration of plasma levels and tissue expression of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 19:26
Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the antitumor effects of cyclolinopeptide (CL), which suppresses receptor activator of nuclear factor-B ligand (RANKL) signalling on giant-cell tumours of the bone (GCTB) cells. Materials and Methods: GCTB cell lines were established, and the inhibition of cell growth by CL was evaluated using the water-soluble tetrazolium salt-8 cell proliferation assay, cell cycle assay, and 5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine (EdU) cell proliferation assay. RANKL and runt-related transcription...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 19:26
Background/Aim: Fluoxetine, an antidepressant, has cytotoxic effects on several cancer cell lines, while paclitaxel is an antineoplastic agent for various cancers. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether fluoxetine enhances the cytotoxic effect of paclitaxel in gastric adenocarcinoma cells and determine the mechanism of cell death. Materials and Methods: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to examine cell viability and perform cell cycle analysis....
Fri Nov 08, 2019 19:26
Please click the link below to see a complete list of SLA panels at this year’s AAA/CASCAA Meetings in Vancouver: SLA panels at 2019 AAA/CASCAA Meetings Thank you to Jennifer Roth Gordon for compiling this list! The post SLA Panels at AAA/CASCAA in Vancouver! appeared first on Society for Linguistic Anthropology.
03:44
The concept of the evolutionary stable strategy (ESS) has been fundamental to the development of evolutionary game theory. It represents an equilibrial evolutionary state in which no rare invader can grow in population size. With additional work, the ESS concept has been formalized and united with other stability concepts such as convergent stability, neighborhood invasion stability, and mutual invisibility. Other work on evolutionary models, however, shows the possibility of unstable and/or non-equilibrial...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 02:00
The trimming of fast-evolving sites, often known as slow-fast analysis, is broadly used in microbial phylogenetic reconstruction under assumption that fast-evolving sites do not retain accurate phylogenetic signal due to substitution saturation. Therefore, removing sites that have experienced multiple substitutions would improve the signal-to-noise ratio in phylogenetic analyses, with the remaining slower-evolving sites preserving a more reliable record of evolutionary relationships. Here we show...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 02:00
Current evolutionary scenarios posit the emergence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the deadliest bacterial pathogen for humans globally, from an environmental saprophyte through a cumulative process of genome adaptation. Mycobacterium riyadhense is a novel non-tuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) that is being increasingly isolated from human clinical cases with tuberculosis (TB)-like symptoms in various parts of the world. We provide evidence here that M. riyadhense is likely a "missing link" in the evolution...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 02:00
Organisms must cope with both short- and long-term environmental changes to persist. In this study we investigated theoretically if life histories trade off between their robustness to short-term environmental perturbations and their ability to evolve directional trait changes. By the use of mathematical models and stochastic individual-based simulations we could confirm the tradeoff, at least for comparisons between standardized life histories. Offspring dormancy and high adult survival allowed...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 02:00
Abstract Acetaminophen (APAP) induced hepatotoxicity involves activation of c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK), mitochondrial damage and ER stress. BGP-15, a hydroximic acid derivative, has been reported to have hepatoprotective effects in APAP overdose induced liver damage. Effect of BGP-15 was further investigated on mitochondria in APAP-overdose induced acute liver injury in mice. We found that BGP-15 efficiently preserved mitochondrial morphology, and it caused a marked decrease...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 02:00
In terms of their body plan, Old World monkeys -- a group that includes primates like baboons and macaques -- are generally considered more similar to ancestral species than apes are. But a new study suggests that as far as locomotion goes, apes and Old World monkeys each evolved a way of moving that was different from the ancestral species as they adapted to different niches in their environments.
00:16
Mammals' backbones are weird. They're much more complex than the spines of other land animals like reptiles. Scientists wanted to find out how these complex backbones evolved in the first place. They discovered that the process was marked by big, dramatic evolutionary changes, and that it's linked to mammals being active animals with high metabolisms.
Thu Nov 07, 2019 15:40
Globally, cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women. Here, we report a case of cutaneous lymphangitis carcinomatosa arising from cervical cancer, an extremely rare and treatment-resistant condi...
Thu Nov 07, 2019 02:00
Antimicrobial resistance in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDR-AB) isolated from burn wound infections is a major concern in intensive care or burns units worldwide, and molecular studies are consid...
Thu Nov 07, 2019 02:00
Journal Name: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and MetabolismIssue: Ahead of print
01:02
Latissimus flap with prosthetic breast reconstruction after mastectomy is an established method, particularly in patients who have failed breast conserving therapy. This study presents comparison of prepectoral and subpectoral approach for two-stage prosthetic breast reconstruction with latissimus flap.
Fri Nov 08, 2019 02:00
Intraoperative retrograde blood flow from the vein to the lymphatic vessels in a lymphaticovenular anastomosis (LVA) for lower extremity lymphedema (LEL) leads to poor results. This study aimed to establish a treatment strategy to control venous reflux in LVA.
Fri Nov 08, 2019 02:00
The current literature is limited with regards to trends for inpatient head and neck skin cancer reconstruction. Rather, studies have focused primarily on patients treated on an outpatient basis. To gain a better understanding of the effect that reconstructive correction of complex skin cancer defects has on the healthcare system, we examined the existing incidence and reconstructive trends of head and neck melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) in the inpatient setting.
Fri Nov 08, 2019 02:00
Parasite attachment structures are critical traits that influence effective host exploitation and survival. Morphology of attachment structures can reinforce host specificity and niche specialisation, or even ...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 02:00
Abstract Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of Belfeed B MP/ML as a feed additive for sows in order to have benefits in piglets and for all porcine species. This additive contains endo‐1,4‐β‐xylanase produced by a genetically modified strain of Bacillus subtilis and it is authorised in the European Union as a feed additive for poultry...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 12:07
This study evaluates adherence to adrenaline autoinjector prescriptions in a cohort of well-characterized anaphylaxis patients. The overall retrieval rate was 76% with the highest rate in patients with severe ...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 02:00
Therapeutic success of targeted therapy with BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) for melanoma is limited by resistance development. Observations from preclinical mouse models and recent insights into the immunological effects caused by BRAFi give promise for future development of combination therapy for human melanoma. In this study, we used the transplantable D4M melanoma mouse model with the BRAFV600E mutation and concomitant PTEN loss in order to characterize alterations in tumor‐infiltrating effector immune...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 17:49
Publication date: Available online 7 November 2019Source: Annals of Diagnostic PathologyAuthor(s): Sean Hacking, Mallorie Angert, Cao Jin, Myriam Kline, Neha Gupta, Margaret Cho, Rebecca Thomas, Lili Lee, Hector Chavarria, Mansoor NasimAbstractBackgroundColorectal carcinomas are one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies. There are many prognostic factors relating to clinical course and disease progression, including tumor stage, metastasis, and tumor budding. In 2016, the International Tumor...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 23:59
Analytical ChemistryDOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04142
Fri Nov 08, 2019 07:00
Analytical ChemistryDOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03715
Fri Nov 08, 2019 07:00
Analytical ChemistryDOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02908
Fri Nov 08, 2019 07:00
Analytical ChemistryDOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01513
Fri Nov 08, 2019 07:00
Analytical ChemistryDOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04282
Fri Nov 08, 2019 07:00
Analytical ChemistryDOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04038
Fri Nov 08, 2019 07:00
Analytical ChemistryDOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03290
Fri Nov 08, 2019 07:00
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