Abstract Sperm competition commonly occurs whenever females mate multiply, leading to variation in male paternity success. This can be due to variation in the various traits that might affect sperm competitive ability, which itself depends on both genetic and environmental factors, as well as on genotype‐by‐environment interactions (GEI). Seminal fluid is a major component of the male ejaculate that is often expected to mediate sperm competition, where different genotypes can differ in their seminal...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 14:35
Abstract Sexual selection is generally held responsible for the exceptional diversity in secondary sexual traits in animals. Mating system evolution is therefore expected to profoundly affect the covariation between secondary sexual traits and mating success. While there is such evidence at the interspecific level, data within species remain scarce. We here investigate sexual selection acting on the exaggerated male fore femur and the male wing in the common and widespread dung flies Sepsis punctum...
Thu Nov 07, 2019 21:18
Abstract Purpose Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is defined by excessive lipid accumulation in the liver and involves an ample spectrum of liver diseases, ranging from simple uncomplicated steatosis to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that high fructose intake enhances NAFLD development and progression promoting inhibition of mitochondrial β-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids and oxidative...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 02:00
Abstract Introduction Physiological stress is one of the various factors that can have an impact on stable isotope ratios. However, its effect on bone collagen stable isotope ratios is still not fully understood. This study aims to build on previous research on how different disease stages may affect bone collagen stable isotope ratios. Materials and Methods Carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope ratios were assessed in 33 skeletons that retained evidence of infectious disease and healed...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 18:03
Abstract Ancient genomes from multiple Neanderthal and the Denisovan individuals, along with DNA sequence data from diverse contemporary human populations strongly support the prevalence of gene flow among different hominins. Recent studies now provide evidence for multiple gene flow events that leave genetic signatures in extant and ancient human populations. These events include older gene flow from an unknown hominin in Africa predating out‐of‐Africa migrations, and in the last 50,000–100,000 years,...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 14:20
Οι ισπανικές υγειονομικές αρχές ανακοίνωσαν σήμερα ότι επιβεβαιώθηκε ένα κρούσμα μετάδοσης του δάγκειου πυρετού μέσω της σεξουαλικής επαφής μεταξύ δύο ανδρών, κάτι που συμβαίνει για πρώτη φορά παγκοσμίως. Μέχρι σήμερα οι ειδικοί εκτιμούσαν ότι ο ιός μεταδίδεται μόνο από τα κουνούπια. Σε ένα μήνυμα ηλεκτρονικού ταχυδρομείου που εστάλη στο Γαλλικό Πρακτορείο το Ευρωπαϊκό Κέντρο Πρόληψης και Ελέγχου Ασθενειών επιβεβαίωσε ότι έχει λάβει γνώση για αυτήν την περίπτωση, «το πρώτο κρούσμα μετάδοσης του...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 20:32
Η οξειδωτική βλάβη των σπερματοζωαρίων έχει αναγνωριστεί ως η πιο συχνή αιτία της ανδρικής υπογονιμότητας. Το πρόβλημα, όμως, μπορεί να αντιμετωπιστεί με θεραπείες που στοχεύουν στην αναστολή της οξειδωτικής βλάβης. Τα παραπάνω επισήμανε, μιλώντας στο Αθηναϊκό-Μακεδονικό Πρακτορείο Ειδήσεων, ο αναπληρωτής καθηγητής Ουρολογίας – Ανδρολογίας και πρόεδρος του Ουρολογικής Εταιρείας Ιωάννης Βακαλόπουλος, αναφερόμενος στη θεματολογία του 12ου Ουρολογικού Συνεδρίου Βορείου Ελλάδος, το οποίο διεξάγεται...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 14:35
Σημαντικό ρόλο στην εκδήλωση της παχυσαρκίας φαίνεται πως παίζει ο πλούτος και κατ’ επέκταση η οικονομική κατάσταση. Σε αυτό το συμπέρασμα κατέληξε έρευνα του Πανεπιστημίου της Αλαμπάμα με τους επιστήμονες να εξετάζουν πώς οι οικονομικές ανισότητες συμβάλλουν στις διαφορές της υγείας και την παχυσαρκία. «Χωρίσαμε τις ενδείξεις πλουτισμού, οι οποίες τυπικά μετριούνται με τη καθαρή αξία – σε αξία στέγασης, αξία οχήματος, χρέη, οικονομίες και επενδύσεις. Κάθε ένας από αυτούς τους παράγοντες πλούτου...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 10:10
Οι γυναίκες που έχουν διαγνωστεί με καρκίνο του μαστού διατρέχουν μειωμένο κίνδυνο θανάτου όταν ξεκινούν να ασκούνται συστηματικά μετά τη διάγνωση, σύμφωνα με νέα έρευνα. Η συγκεκριμένη μελέτη, που δημοσιεύτηκε στο Breast Cancer Research, έδειξε ότι τουλάχιστον 150 λεπτά μέτριας έως έντονης σωματικής δραστηριότητας μετά τη διάγνωση του καρκίνου του μαστού σχετίζεται με μείωση του κινδύνου θανάτου από οποιοδήποτε αίτιο στις ασθενείς που εμφανίζουν καρκίνο του μαστού μετά την εμμηνόπαυση. Αν και...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 09:20
Οι προσπάθειες να κατανοηθεί η υπερβολική υπνηλία κατά τη διάρκεια της μέρας οδήγησαν τους ερευνητές στη διαπίστωση πως η υψηλή πρόσληψη κορεσμένων λιπαρών και υδατανθράκων φαίνεται να είναι υπεύθυνη. Η υπερβολική υπνηλία κατά τη διάρκεια της μέρας επηρεάζει σημαντικό αριθμό ανθρώπων και συνδέεται με επιπτώσεις στην υγεία και την κοινωνία από τον αυξημένο κίνδυνο σφαλμάτων που προκαλούν ατυχήματα στο χώρο εργασίας, σε καρδιαγγειακές παθήσεις και θνησιμότητα. Η ερευνητική ομάδα του Δρ. Yohannes...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 09:10
Περισσότερα οφέλη από το να βοηθάει στο να ξυπνάμε ευκολότερα το πρωί φαίνεται πως έχει, ο καφές. Σε αυτό το συμπέρασμα κατέληξαν ερευνητές από το Βασιλικό Πανεπιστήμιο του Μπέλφαστ που εξέτασαν σχεδόν μισό εκατομμύριο ανθρώπους, από τους οποίους περισσότερο από το 75% έπινε καφέ. Σύμφωνα με την έρευνα που δημοσιεύθηκε στο British Journal of Cancer όσοι κατανάλωναν καφέ είχαν κατά 50% μικρότερο κίνδυνο να εμφανίσουν καρκίνο του ήπατος. Σύμφωνα με τους μελετητές οι κόκκοι καφέ περιέχουν πολυφαινόλες...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 08:50
Αυτοί που αντιμετωπίζουν δυσκολίες στον ύπνο ενδέχεται να είναι πιθανότερο να υποστούν εγκεφαλικό επεισόδιο, καρδιακή προσβολή ή άλλη εγκεφαλοαγγειακή ή καρδιαγγειακή νόσο, όπως αποκαλύπτουν νέα ερευνητικά δεδομένα. Η μελέτη αυτή, που δημοσιεύτηκε χτες στο Neurology της Αμερικανικής Ακαδημίας Νευρολογίας, αναδεικνύει τη σχέση του ύπνου με την εμφάνιση καρδιαγγειακών ασθενειών και εγκεφαλικού επεισοδίου. Ο επικεφαλής συντάκτης της μελέτης Λίμινγκ Λι του Πανεπιστημίου του Πεκίνου στην Κίνα τόνισε...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 08:15
Abstract Objective Advanced breast cancer patients around the world experience high symptom burden (i.e., distress, pain, fatigue) and are in need of psychosocial interventions that target symptom management. This study examined the feasibility, acceptability, and engagement of a psychosocial intervention that uses cognitive‐behavioral strategies along with mindfulness and values‐based activity to enhance patients’ ability to manage symptoms of advanced disease in a cross‐cultural setting (United...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 20:34
Abstract Objective To qualitatively investigate and explore oncology nurses’ perceptions of cancer diagnosis disclosure (CDD) for cancer patients. Methods Purposive sampling led to the inclusion of 25 nurses with diverse characteristics from four inpatient oncology nursing wards in two tertiary hospitals. Semistructured, one‐on‐one, in‐depth interviews were conducted. Colaizzi's analysis method was performed with NVivo software to develop categories and themes. Results Four themes...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 18:03
Abstract Objective This paper reports on the continuation of an initial study that demonstrated the effectiveness, as rated by experts, of an undergraduate training in breaking bad news (BBN) using simulated patient (SP) and individual feedback. The current study aimed to further explore whether such an individualized training approach also has positive effects from the perspective of the patient, using the analogue patient (AP) methodology. Methods A subsample of 180 videotaped interviews...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 17:53
Abstract Objective To determine if cognition can identify persons with cancer at high risk for the impaired ability to understand treatment decisions. Methods The association between understanding treatment decisions and cognition was examined using data from 181 participants across four groups: 67 with brain metastasis, 41 with metastatic cancer that has not spread to the brain, 27 with malignant glioma, and 46 healthy controls. All diagnoses were made by board‐certified radiation oncologists...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 17:33
Abstract Objective With the rapid development of the Internet, e‐health interventions are becoming popular and are showing positive impacts. Cancer affects not only patients, but also their caregivers, leading to a recognition that cancer patient‐caregiver dyads cope with cancer as a unit rather than as individuals. The objectives of this paper are to explore web‐based interventions for cancer patient‐caregiver dyads coping with cancer from the aspects of intervention content, delivery format,...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 17:30
Abstract Objective Caregivers of patients with lung cancer often face physical, emotional, and financial distress, which not only negatively affects the caregivers’ mental health and quality of life but may also impact patients’ well‐being. The purpose of this systematic review is to examine the content, delivery, and efficacy of psychosocial interventions targeting caregivers of lung cancer patients. Methods Studies included in this systematic review assessed psychosocial interventions...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 11:48
Abstract Objectives A goal of family‐focused therapies in oncology is to help families communicate effectively about illness and its management. Yet there has been no examination of whether and how conjoint sessions are conducive to this process. In this study, we: (a) described the extent of cancer‐specific communication during family sessions at the end of life; (b) identified characteristics associated with SC; (c) determined the association between SC and longer‐term family bereavement outcomes....
Thu Nov 07, 2019 20:17
This protocol describes a method for rapid manufacturing of soft pneumatic actuators and robots with a thin form factor. The fabrication method starts with lamination of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) sheets followed by laser cutting/welding of a two-dimensional pattern to form actuators and robots.
Fri Nov 08, 2019 22:00
A Pre-clinical Rat Model for the Study of Ischemia-reperfusion Injury in Reconstructive Microsurgery
Here, we describe a pre-clinical animal model for studying the pathophysiology of ischemia-reperfusion injury in reconstructive microsurgery. This free skin flap model based on the superficial caudal epigastric vessels in the rat may also allow for the evaluation of different therapies and compounds to counteract ischemia-reperfusion injury-related damage.
Fri Nov 08, 2019 21:00
Protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase (PCD) can enzymatically remove free diatomic oxygen from an aqueous system using its substrate protocatechuic acid (PCA). This protocol describes the expression, purification, and activity analysis of this oxygen scavenging enzyme.
Fri Nov 08, 2019 20:00
The protocol describes a method of predicting o-cresol concentration during the production of polyphenylene ether using near-infrared spectroscopy and partial least squares regression. To describe the process more clearly and completely, an example of predicting the o-cresol concentration during the production of polyphenylene is used to clarify the steps.
Fri Nov 08, 2019 19:00
Publication date: Available online 7 November 2019Source: Medical Image AnalysisAuthor(s): Islem Mhiri, Islem RekikAbstractImage-based brain maps, generally coined as ‘intensity or image atlases’, have led the field of brain mapping in health and disease for decades, while investigating a wide spectrum of neurological disorders. Estimating representative brain atlases constitute a fundamental step in several MRI-based neurological disorder mapping, diagnosis, and prognosis. However, these are strikingly...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 22:01
Publication date: Available online 7 November 2019Source: Medical Image AnalysisAuthor(s): Crystal A. Green, Mitchell M. Goodsitt, Marilyn A. Roubidoux, Kristy K. Brock, Cynthia L. Davis, Jasmine H. Lau, Paul L. CarsonABSTRACTThis work investigates the application of a deformable localization/mapping method to register lesions between the digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) craniocaudal (CC) and mediolateral oblique (MLO) views and automated breast ultrasound (ABUS) images. This method was initially...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 22:01
Publication date: Available online 7 November 2019Source: Gait & PostureAuthor(s): Mubarak Patel, Aleksandar Pavic, Victoria A. GoodwinAbstractBackgroundWearable inertial sensors have grown in popularity as a means of objectively assessing fall risk. This review aimed to identify gait and posture differences among older adult fallers and non-fallers which can be measured with the use of wearable inertial sensors. In addition to describing the number of sensors used to obtain measures, the concurrent...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 22:01
Publication date: Available online 7 November 2019Source: Gait & PostureAuthor(s): Tengyu Zhang, Xuefei Bai, Fei Liu, Run Ji, Yubo FanAbstractBackgroundProsthetic alignment directly affects the biomechanical loading in individuals with lower-limb amputation, and improper alignment may be contribute to the high incidence of hip and knee osteoarthritis (OA). The biomechanical changes caused by different alignments should be considered in prosthetic fitting. However, the quantitative effect of alignment...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 22:01
Abstract Purpose : To compare the internal fit and marginal discrepancy of acrylic resin interim crowns fabricated by different manufacturing methods, and to test the consistency of measuring marginal discrepancy and internal fit between different measuring techniques. Materials and Methods : A dentoform mandibular left first molar was prepared for an all‐ceramic crown. Thirty‐six interim crowns were fabricated and divided into three groups (n = 12): group BAC (Bis‐acrylic composite, fabricated...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 15:12
Abstract Purpose To determine and compare the fracture toughness, flexural strength and flexural modulus of four new, commercially available CAD/CAM resin composite blocks and one new CAD/CAM lithium disilicate glass‐ceramic block, tested under dry and aged conditions. Materials and Methods Three dispersed‐fillers resin composite blocks, CERASMART, KZR‐CAD‐HR2, and CAMouflage NOW, one polymer‐infiltrated ceramic network resin composite block, Enamic, along with Obsidian, a lithium disilicate...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 13:40
Abstract The placement of dental implants in the pterygomaxillary region can be advantageous in maxillary complete arch fixed implant‐supported prosthetic rehabilitations to avoid bone grafting and sinus elevation surgeries. Pterygomaxillary implants improve implant biomechanics by eliminating distal cantilevers and increasing the anteroposterior spread with reported mean implant survival rates comparable to traditional implant sites. Although only minor surgical complications have been reported...
Thu Nov 07, 2019 18:53
Abstract A growing body of evidence has pointed to a role of environmental chemical exposures in breast cancer etiology. This study was to examine the association between exposure to the endocrine-disrupting metals, including cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg), and breast cancer in US women. A nationally representative subsample of 9260 women aged ≥ 20 years in the 2003–2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was analyzed for the association of blood levels...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 02:00
Abstract The transformation and progression of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) to secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML) involve genetic, epigenetic, and microenvironmental factors. Driver mutations have emerged as valuable markers for defining risk groups and as candidates for targeted treatment approaches in MDS. It is also evident that the risk of transformation to sAML is increased by evasion of adaptive immune surveillance. This study was designed to explore the immune microenvironment,...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 02:00
While there are a number of drugs to treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), they can have some pretty serious side effects. Researchers in Singapore at the country’s Institute of Mental Health (IMH), Duke-NUS (National University of Singapore) Medical School, and A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), have developed a system that combines neuromonitoring with video games to help kids improve their ADHD symptoms. Neeuro Pte Ltd. is a local company that has been spun...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 21:13
As kids grow, their brains undergo a development process that is poorly understood. Children can have short attention spans, move around a lot, and are not easy to get into and then keep still inside a stationary scanner. Now, a collaboration of scientists from University of Nottingham, University of Oxford, and University College London has developed a functional magnetoencephalography scanner that young kids can wear while playing video games and doing other normal activities. Using the...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 19:14
Abstract Raman spectroscopy has proven to be a valuable tool for analyzing various types of forensic evidence such as traces of body fluids. In this work, Raman spectroscopy was employed as a nondestructive technique for the analysis of dry traces of oral fluid to differentiate between smoker and nonsmoker donors with the aid of advanced statistical tools. A total of 32 oral fluid samples were collected from donors of differing gender, age and race and were subjected to Raman spectroscopic analysis....
Fri Nov 08, 2019 17:38
Abstract The progression of ischemic cerebral edema (CE) is closely related to the level of cerebral blood perfusion (CBP) and affects each other. Simultaneous detection of CBP and CE is helpful in understanding the mechanisms of ischemic cerebral edema development. In this article, a wide field of view (FOV) SS‐OCT system was used to detect CE status and CBP levels simultaneously in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats. Images reflecting these two physiological states can be reconstructed...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 17:38
Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) neuroimaging sensors use light source and detector pairs placed over scalp to measure underlying neurophysiology. Source detector separation (SDS) is a critical design parameter and should aim a balanced trade‐off for detected light intensity and sensitivity to brain tissue. In this study, we used multi‐layer digital head models to systematically evaluate the role of SDS on NIRS spatial sensitivity profiles within both healthy and clinical conditions. Further details...
Thu Nov 07, 2019 15:02
The tremendous enhancement factors possessed by surfaceenhanced Raman scattering (SERS), coupled with the flexibility of photonic crystal fibers (PCFs), pave the way to a new generation of ultrasensitive biosensors. This review article aims to provide the latest advancement in SERS‐based PCF sensors for various biochemical applications. Such a sensitive biosensor could be translated for the detection of biomarkers in body fluids for early diagnosis of diseases. Further details can be found in the...
Thu Nov 07, 2019 15:02
Thrombosis monitoring in vivo in small animals is of great value in basic research. The aim of this study is to utilize OCT to monitor thrombosis progression in femoral vein of mice from various measurement criteria, and to validate its use in evaluation the efficacy of the antithrombotic drug. The proved capability of obtaining thrombodynamics information in mice model provide valuable use in preclinical studies for anti‐thrombotic drugs development research. Further details can be found in the...
Thu Nov 07, 2019 15:02
The cover image is based on the Clinical Article Penoscrotal reconstruction with superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator propeller flap by Hyun Ho Han MD et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/micr.30506.
Fri Nov 08, 2019 21:03
Abstract Purpose To evaluate the outcomes of surgery to repair tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) caused by mechanical ventilation. Method Case series and review of all cases reported in English literature. Only reports of TEF following mechanical ventilation and containing description of surgical repair and outcomes were included. ...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 02:00
Abstract Purpose The relationships among PSG findings, OSA symptoms, and tonsil and adenoid size are not clear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the associations between pediatric OSA and tonsil and adenoid size using subjective (OSA-18 questionnaire) and objective (PSG) measurements. Methods 101 consecutive patients aged from 2 to 12 years (mean age,...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 02:00
Solid‐state ‘one‐component’ soft material Frank‐Kasper (FK) phases are a new structural form of matter that possess periodically ordered structures arising from the self‐reconfiguration and close packing of an initial assembly of identical ‘deformable’ spheres into two or more size‐ or shape‐distinct sets of particles. Significant challenges that must still be addressed to advance the field of soft matter FK phases further, however, include their rare and unpredictable occurrence, uncertain mechanisms...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 19:09
MtmOIV and MtmW catalyze the final two reactions in the mithramycin (MTM) biosynthetic pathway, the Baeyer‐Villiger opening of the fourth ring of premithramycin B (PMB), creating the C3 pentyl side chain, strictly followed by reduction of the distal keto group on the new side chain. Unexpectedly this results in a C2 stereoisomer of mithramycin, iso‐mithramycin (iso‐MTM). Iso‐MTM undergoes a non‐enzymatic isomerization to MTM catalyzed by Mg2+ ions. Crystal structures of MtmW and its complexes with...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 18:39
Au130−x Ag x (TBBT)55 is synthesized and structurally characterized. The large bimetallic nanocluster exhibits localization of Au atoms to form a Marks decahedron; fs spectroscopy reveals that this nanocluster is non‐metallic. XAFS analysis revealed charge transfer within the core. The observed structure and properties have provided insights into the structural rule, alloying patterns, and non‐metallicity. Abstract The synthesis and structure of atomically precise Au130−x...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 18:59
Carbon materials find ubiquitous use as electrodes, catalysts or catalyst supports in a myriad of electrochemical applications. However, carbon corrosion at high anodic potentials is known to be a major source of instability especially in acidic electrolytes and impairs long‐term functionality of electrodes. Changing reaction kinetics with changing pH values of the electrolyte require in‐depth investigation of carbon corrosion also for alkaline environments. Evidently, the immediate conversion...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 17:08
Transition metal phosphonates present great potential in catalysis and other applications due to their versatile coordination chemistry and flexible structures. However, many of them grow into dense crystals with low practical use in catalysis. To circumvent this, a simple solvent ligation effect was successfully used to disrupt the growth of a model compound, Fe[(OH)(O 3 P(CH 2 ) 2 CO 2 H)]×H 2 O (MIL‐37), into the extended 2D structure by replacing water with dimethylformamide (DMF) as...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 16:11
Radical‐involved enantioselective oxidative C−H bond functionalization via a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) process has emerged as a promising method for accessing functionally diverse enantioenriched products, while asymmetric C(sp3)−H bond amination remains a formidable challenge. To address this problem, we herein describe a dual Cu(I)/chiral phosphoric acid (CPA) catalytic system for radical‐involved enantioselective intramolecular C(sp3)–H amination of not only allylic positions but also benzylic...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 16:10
An atomic‐level picture of the structural evolution of water on the anisotropic ZnO(10 0) surface was investigated by Y. Wang, C. Wöll et al. in their Research Article (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.20191019110.1002/anie.201910191) by combining experiment and theory. IR spectroscopic evidence of isolated, intact D2O monomers is provided. The hydration proceeds further via an autocatalytic dissociation of dimers, followed by the formation of a mixed 2D D2O/OD adlayer and various complex H‐bonded...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 16:04
Polarons bound to oxygen vacancies limit the charge transport in BiVO4 and hinder its application in compact PEC‐PV tandem cell. A highly oxidative two‐dimensional (2D) precursor, bismuth oxyiodate (BiOIO3), is used to synthesize BiVO4, effectively suppressing oxygen vacancy formation in BiVO4, enabling a fast charge transport and boosting the overall device performance. Abstract The BiVO4 photoelectrochemical (PEC) electrode in tandem with a photovoltaic (PV) cell has shown great potential...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 16:04
Porous Cu x Co y S supraparticles (SPs) featuring strong absorption from 400 to 900 nm were synthesized. The porous SPs produced the highest reactive oxygen species (ROS) yield (1.39) when illuminated with near‐infrared (NIR) light and could be used to identify cancer cells through intracellular telomerase‐responsive fluorescence (FL) imaging in living cells. Abstract In this study, we successfully synthesized Cux Coy S supraparticles (SPs) on the nanoscale featuring...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 16:04
Akt now! A structure and homology model guided approach for the design of diverse and pharmacologically beneficial covalent‐allosteric modifiers for protein kinase Akt is presented. The isoform‐selective Akt inhibitors show a conclusive structure–activity relationship and break ground for further development of selective probes for the dissection of Akt isoform‐specific functions. Abstract Isoforms of protein kinase Akt are involved in essential processes including cell proliferation, survival,...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 16:03
Junction box: An interface‐engineered heterojunction, composed of carbon‐nanoplated CoS@TiO2 nanofibrous membrane, is developed for the nitrogen reduction reaction. The resulting C@CoS@electrocatalyst achieves strikingly high ammonia yield (8.09×10−10 mol s−1 cm−2) and Faradaic efficiency (28.6 %), as well as long‐term durability. Abstract Developing noble‐metal‐free electrocatalysts is important to industrially viable ammonia synthesis through the nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR). However,...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 16:01
Surface enhanced infrared spectra show that interfacial cations interact with the electrode surface by altering the interfacial water structure, rather than the specific adsorption. In their Research Article (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.20190969710.1002/anie.201909697) Y. Yan, B. Xu, and co‐workers demonstrate that interfacial water structure engineering could hold the key to improving the kinetics of the hydrogen oxidation and evolution reactions.
Fri Nov 08, 2019 16:01
N‐(hetero)arylated heteroarenes were synthesized through Cu‐mediated C−H amination with NH azaheterocycles. This directing‐group (DG)‐mediated reaction proceeds with air as the sole oxidant, and its outstanding compatibility with heterocycles enables late‐stage diversification of a wide range of drug compounds containing multiple heterocycles. Abstract Direct synthesis of N‐(hetero)arylated heteroarenes has been realized through Cu‐mediated C−N coupling of NH azaheterocycles with aryl C−H bonds...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 12:35
The advantages of being single: Organic semiconducting single crystals are perfect for both fundamental and applied research. This Review discusses recent progress in organic single‐crystal electronics, from fabrication to application. Abstract Organic semiconducting single crystals are perfect for both fundamental and application‐oriented research due to the advantages of free grain boundaries, few defects, and minimal traps and impurities, as well as their low‐temperature processability,...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 12:11
A novel pentavalent plutonium solid phase was observed on the pathway from aqueous PuVI to PuO2 nanoparticles, as reported by K. O. Kvashnina et al. in their Communication (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.20191163710.1002/anie.201911637). This was achieved by combining a high‐energy‐resolution fluorescence detection method at the Pu M4 and L3 edges with electronic‐structure calculations.
Fri Nov 08, 2019 12:09
Taking the strain: According to the isolated pentagon rule (IPR), fused pentagons in fullerene cages result in an increase in the local steric strain of the fullerene. The release of the strain arising from fused pentagons can be achieved by endohedral or exohedral functionalization. This Review gives an overview on fullerenes with fused pentagons, highlighting their role in the stability, electronic properties, and chemical reactivity of the fullerene cage. Abstract According to the isolated...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 12:03
The N‐centered open‐shell character of photoexcited cyclopropylimines is utilized to initiate a radical fragmentation–cyclization sequence that generates bridgehead‐functionalized norbornanes. This unique mode of reactivity requires only violet light to proceed, and the 1‐aminonorbornane products are valuable building blocks for drug and agrochemical discovery programs. Abstract This report details the development of a masked N‐centered radical strategy that harvests the energy of light to...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 12:01
In nine steps: The first copper‐catalyzed intermolecular [5+2] homodimerization of hydroxy p‐quinone is presented, furnishing bicyclo[3.2.1]octadienone core structures in typically good yields and excellent diastereoselectivities. Applying this synthetic approach enables a concise nine‐step total synthesis of (−)‐perezoperezone from commercially available 3,5‐dimethoxytoluene. Abstract The first copper‐catalyzed intermolecular [5+2] homodimerization of hydroxy p‐quinone is presented, furnishing...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 12:00
Circle in a spiral: An amide bond linking the side chains of the first and fifth amino acids in a pentapeptide stabilizes the smallest known α‐helix in water. A long‐range n→π* interaction between a main‐chain amide oxygen and a carbonyl group in the linker of the cyclic pentapeptides was discovered. CD and NMR spectra, NMR and X‐ray structures, modelling, and MD simulations reveal that this interaction stabilizes a peptide α‐helix in water but not DMSO. Abstract The introduction of an amide...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 11:58
We report the first crystallographic observation of stereospecific bindings of L‐ and D‐lysine in achiral MFI zeolites. The MFI structure has offered inherent geometric and internal confinement effects for the enantiomeric difference in L‐ and D‐lysine adsorption. Notable difference over the sorption properties has been observed by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Distinct L‐ and D‐lysine adsorption behaviours on the H‐ZSM‐5 framework have been revealed by...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 11:38
Uranyl capture: A hierarchical micro/macroporous copper metal–organic framework featuring carbonyl‐group‐decorated multi‐nanocages shows one of the highest uranyl cation saturation sorption capacities, 562 mg g−1, as determined by a two‐step adsorption process. Abstract To efficiently capture the toxic uranyl ions (UO22+), a new hierarchical micro‐macroporous metal–organic framework was prepared under template‐free conditions, featuring interconnected multi‐nanocages bearing carbonyl groups...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 11:27
An organic crystal displays elasticity even in liquid nitrogen (77 K). It may lead to organic materials applicable in extreme conditions, such as outer space. Heat setting caused by a phase transition has also been found for the same crystal. The heat setting enables various shapes of crystalline fibers to be made based on this single kind of crystal. Abstract Organic single crystals with elastic bending capability and potential applications in flexible devices and sensors have been elucidated....
Fri Nov 08, 2019 11:26
Cathode materials: Developing new types of cathode materials is the best way towards the next‐generation of rechargeable lithium batteries. To achieve this goal, understanding the principles of the materials and recognizing the problems confronting the state‐of‐the‐art cathode materials are essential prerequisites. Abstract The accelerating development of technologies requires a significant energy consumption, and consequently the demand for advanced energy storage devices is increasing at...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 11:25
Graphene‐Oxide‐Modified Lanthanide Nanoprobes for Tumor‐Targeted Visible/NIR‐II Luminescence Imaging
Flow with the GO: A graphene‐oxide‐modified luminescent lanthanide nanoprobe was developed that exhibited excellent dispersibility and biocompatibility and permitted facile surface modifications with DNA, protein, or nanoparticles. The nanoprobe can be tailored for simultaneous intracellular tracking and microRNA‐21 visualization, as well as highly sensitive NIR‐II imaging of mice tumors. Abstract The synthesis of hydrophilic lanthanide‐doped nanocrystals (Ln3+‐NCs) with molecular recognition...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 11:22
A lightbulb moment: Photocaged quinone methide (PQM) crosslinkers that target nine nucleophilic amino acids, including Gln, Arg, and Asn, have been developed. These can be used in vitro, in Escherichia coli, and in mammalian cells to study protein–protein and protein–DNA interactions. Abstract Small‐molecule crosslinkers are invaluable for probing biomolecular interactions and for crosslinking mass spectrometry. Existing chemical crosslinkers target only a small selection of amino acids, while...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 11:21
A BiVO4 photoanode was modified with borate at the molecular level (B‐BiVO4) by a simple immersion method, giving rise to increased photocurrent and decreased onset potential for water oxidation, which is comparable to loading a water‐oxidation co‐catalyst. The self‐anchored borate plays the role of passivator in decreasing the surface charge recombination and also a ligand in modifying the catalytic site to facilitate faster water oxidation. Abstract Water‐splitting photoanodes based on semiconductor...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 11:20
Caught in the act: The gas‐phase reaction of the heteronuclear oxide cluster [VPO4].+ with C2H4 was studied by infrared photodissociation spectroscopy, which directly identified the formation of acetaldehyde and revealed the terminal P=O moiety as the active site of [VPO4].+ in the oxygen atom transfer (OAT) reaction with ethylene, in line with theoretical predictions. Abstract The gas‐phase reaction of the heteronuclear oxide cluster [VPO4].+ with C2H4 is studied under multiple collision conditions...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 11:19
Slow down, please! An extremely slow spin‐transition and a remarkably wide magnetic bistability at 95 K triggered by both temperature and selected irradiations are observed in a mononuclear FeII complex. This work describes the necessary elements to design new families of spin‐crossover complexes with reversible thermally and photo‐induced bistabilities over very large temperature domains. Abstract A mononuclear FeII complex that shows a high‐spin (S=2) paramagnetic behavior at all temperatures...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 11:18
Graphene was introduced into Li‐N2 batteries to investigate the cycling stability, as described by Z. Zhang, Z. Zhou, and co‐workers in their Research Article (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.20191133810.1002/anie.201911338). The low efficiency and irreversibility of Li‐N2 batteries are due to the instability and hygroscopicity of the discharge product Li3N. Moreover, modification by in situ generated Li3N and LiOH reduces the loss and volume change of Li anodes during stripping and plating, thereby...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 11:17
Photoaffinity probes were designed to target cyclin‐dependent kinases (CDKs), which can be regarded as the timekeepers of cellular processes. As reported by J. T. Bush and co‐workers in their Research Article (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.20190632110.1002/anie.201906321), these probes competitively enrich CDKs from cell lysates, and a biochemical photoaffinity displacement assay was developed to measure compound potency. The seesaw represents the balance of competition between the photoaffinity...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 11:17
A new polymorph of l‐tryptophan was prepared through crystallization from the gas phase, with structure determination carried out directly from powder XRD data augmented by periodic DFT‐D calculations. The new polymorph (denoted β) and the previously reported polymorph (denoted α) are both based on alternating hydrophilic and hydrophobic layers, but with substantially different hydrogen‐bonding arrangements. Abstract A new polymorph of l‐tryptophan was prepared through crystallization from...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 11:15
Thieme, 2018. 992 pp., softcover, € 449.00.—ISBN 9783132421486
Fri Nov 08, 2019 11:13
Fluorinated alkyl groups are important motifs in bioactive compounds, positively influencing pharmacokinetics, potency and conformation. The oxidative difluorination of alkenes represents an important strategy for their preparation, yet current methods are limited in their alkene‐types and tolerance of electron‐rich, readily oxidized functionalities, as well as in their safety and scalability. Herein, we report a method for the difluorination of a number of unactivated alkene‐types that is tolerant...
Thu Nov 07, 2019 22:32
Mucoadhesive polymers are of significant interest to the pharmaceutical, medical device, and cosmetic industries. Polysaccharides possessing charged functional groups, such as chitosan, are known for mucoadhesive properties but suffer from poor chemical definition and solubility, while the chemical synthesis of polysaccharides is challenging with few reported examples of synthetic carbohydrate polymers with engineered‐in ionic functionality. We report the design, synthesis, and evaluation of a synthetic,...
Thu Nov 07, 2019 17:11
Publication date: Available online 7 November 2019Source: European Journal of Surgical OncologyAuthor(s): Monica Ramello, Riccardo A. AudisioAbstractPatient's frailty, attitude, life expectancy, affect the decision-making process, impacting on the following four points:1.Disclosing the diagnosis.2.Discussing treatment options and prognosis.3.Tailoring treatment.4.Assisting patients along their recovery.Setting up an open, frank, transparent and informative discussion is the key step in addressing...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 20:58
The metaplastic effects of ketamine on sucrose renewal and contextual memory reconsolidation in rats
Publication date: Available online 7 November 2019Source: Behavioural Brain ResearchAuthor(s): Alessandro Piva, Lucia Caffino, Laura Padovani, Nicholas Pintori, Francesca Mottarlini, Giuseppe Sferrazza, Giovanna Paolone, Fabio Fumagalli, Cristiano ChiamuleraAbstractMetaplastic effects of the NMDARs blocker ketamine at the neural and behavioural levels have been described as potential mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects in treatment-resistant depression. However, ketamine effects on addictive...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 19:58
Publication date: Available online 7 November 2019Source: Behavioural Brain ResearchAuthor(s): Xi Mei, Guolin Tan, Wenxiang QingAbstractThe pathogenesis of postoperative cognitive impairment of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) individuals remains unclear. AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a ubiquitous sensor/effector of cell stresses. Thus we detected the role and underlying mechanisms of AMPK in postoperative cognitive impairment of OSAHS individuals in intermittent hypoxia...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 19:58
The Journal of Antibiotics, Published online: 08 November 2019; doi:10.1038/s41429-019-0256-yFosfomycin and Staphylococcus aureus: transcriptomic approach to assess effect on biofilm, and fate of unattached cells
Fri Nov 08, 2019 02:00
Fri Nov 08, 2019 02:00
An extension of Phase Linearity Measurement for revealing cross frequency coupling among brain areas
Brain areas need to coordinate their activity in order to enable complex behavioral responses. Synchronization is one of the mechanisms neural ensembles use to communicate. While synchronization between signal...
Thu Nov 07, 2019 02:00
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that has shown promise for rehabilitation after stroke. Ipsilesional anodal tDCS (a-tDCS) over the motor cortex incr...
Thu Nov 07, 2019 02:00
The complex task of Electric Powered Wheelchairs (EPW) prescription relies mainly on personal experience and subjective observations despite standardized processes and protocols. The most informative measureme...
Wed Nov 06, 2019 02:00
The above-knee amputation of a lower limb is a severe impairment that affects significantly the ability to walk; considering this, a complex adaptation strategy at the neuromuscular level is needed in order to...
Wed Nov 06, 2019 02:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b07357
Fri Nov 08, 2019 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10319
Fri Nov 08, 2019 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11588
Fri Nov 08, 2019 07:00
Publication date: Available online 7 November 2019Source: Journal of ProteomicsAuthor(s): Priya Sivadasan, Manoj Kumar Gupta, Gajanan Sathe, H.V. Sudheendra, Sumsum P. Sunny, Durairaj Renu, P.S. Hari, H.C. Harsha, Amritha Suresh, Moni Abraham Kuriakose, Ravi SirdeshmukhAbstractDysplastic leukoplakia (LP) of the oral cavity is a potentially malignant condition for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), early detection of which remains an unmet clinical need. In an effort to develop non-invasive biomarker...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 19:30
Publication date: Available online 7 November 2019Source: Revista Española de Medicina Nuclear e Imagen MolecularAuthor(s): M.I. Morales, A. Erhard, M.D. Lozano, G. Quincoces, J.A. Richter, M. Rodríguez-Fraile
Fri Nov 08, 2019 19:28
Abstract Paragangliomas are rare neuroendocrine tumors which originate from embryonic neural crest cells. These tumors may arise from parasympathetic or sympathetic paraganglia, may secrete catecholamines, and can occur in varied anatomic locations, with some locations being less common than others. Hereditary paraganglioma-pheochromocytoma (PGL/PCC) syndromes are characterized by paragangliomas and pheochromocytomas and have been associated with germline heterozygous mutations...
Fri Nov 08, 2019 02:00
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