Background/Aim: miRNA expression patterns vary within primary rectal cancers and play a pivotal role in carcinogenesis. It is unknown, however, if these regulatory changes also play a role in local recurrent rectal cancers. In this study, the expression of various angiogenetic small non-coding ribonucleic acids, namely miRNA-21, miRNA-215, miRNA-221, and miRNA-222 were analysed in cancerous and healthy rectal tissues. Patients and Methods: miRNA expression was analyzed via quantitative polymerase...
5h
A Review of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy in the Management of Oligometastatic Prostate Cancer
Background/Aim: Management strategies such as surgery and systemic therapy (androgen-deprivation therapy and chemotherapy) are considered a standard of care for patients with oligometastatic prostate cancer and have shown some positive results in many patients. However, they are often accompanied by side-effects that can negatively affect patients. The aim of this study is to review the potential of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in the management of oligometastatic prostate cancer and...
5h
Background/Aim: The prognostic value of the number of harvested negative lymph nodes (NLNs) in patients with node-negative esophageal carcinoma treated by esophagectomy with or without neoadjuvant chemoradiation is unclear. Patients and Methods: A total of 136 patients who underwent oncological esophagectomy with two-field lymphadenectomy from 1995 to 2014 were analyzed regarding the prognostic impact of NLNs. 86 patients received primary surgery (group 1) and 50 patients had preoperative chemoradiation...
5h
Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent disease, which affects 10% of women in the reproductive age. Malignant transformation is an uncommon event, which affects approximately 0.7-2.5% of women, and, when it occurs, it involves ovarian and extraovarian sites in 75% and 25% of the cases, respectively. Endometriosis correlates with presentation of clear cell and endometrioid carcinoma of the ovary. Activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PIK3) – protein kinase B (AKT) – mammalian target of rapamycin...
5h
Background/Aim: Irreversible electroporation (IRE) has recently been used as an experimental treatment for cancers including locally advanced pancreatic cancer. There is very limited data on IRE in pancreatic cancer that is locally recurrent after surgical resection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of IRE in this setting. Patients and Methods: Ten patients with locally recurrent pancreatic cancer without distant metastases after surgical resection were included and treated...
5h
Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of the urinary tract is a high-grade neuroendocrine tumor with distinct pathological features, usually portending an aggressive clinical behavior in comparison to conventional urothelial carcinoma. Due to its low prevalence, little is known about its clinical management and there is no current standard of care. The aim of this review was to summarize the current knowledge about LCNEC of the bladder, ureter and kidney, with relevance to diagnostic, prognostic...
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Background/Aim: Thrombosis internal jugular vein (IJV) with cervical adenopathy, as first manifestation of gastric cancer is rare. We aimed to compare resection of the cervical mass followed by gastrectomy with gastrectomy alone. Patients and Methods: Nine patients presenting thrombosis of the IJV for gastric carcinoma were divided into two groups. Patients in group A (n=3) underwent anticoagulation treatment, gastrectomy and adjuvant treatment. Patients in group B (n=6) underwent resection of the...
5h
The maintenance of genome integrity is essential for cellular survival and propagation. It relies upon the accurate and timely replication of the genetic material, as well as the rapid sensing and repairing of damage to DNA. Uncontrolled DNA replication and unresolved DNA lesions contribute to genomic instability and can lead to cancer. Chromatin licensing and DNA replication factor 1 (Cdt1) is essential for loading the minichromosome maintenance 2-7 helicase complex onto chromatin exclusively during...
5h
Backround/Aim: Adjuvant radiotherapy in patients with cancer of the left breast may lead to impaired cardiac function. The aim of our prospective study is to evaluate (i) doses to the irradiated volume of the heart and its substructures and (ii) determine whether their correlation with changes in strain echo measurements contribute to the prediction of subclinical heart morbidity. Patients and Methods: Twenty-five patients were enrolled in our study. We retrospectively assessed the radiation doses...
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The introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) directed against the catalytic activity of the ABL tyrosine kinase has considerably improved the outcome of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients in the chronic phase of the disease. Indeed, these individuals currently show a life-expectancy comparable to those of healthy subjects. Currently, five TKIs (imatinib, dasatinib, nilotinib, bosutinib and ponatinib) are approved for the treatment of CML and can be used as first, second or further lines...
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Background/Aim: The influence of a polyurethane-based tissue adhesive (TissuGlu®) on common complications following breast surgery was investigated. Patients and Methods: Within a Randomized-Controlled-Trial 70 women (n=35 TissuGlu®, n=35 drain) underwent a mastectomy with or without sentinel lymph node excision (SLNE), followed by a 90-day postoperative follow-up. Results: Postoperative interventions: Non-inferiority of the application of TissuGlu® was seen. Pain-Level/ Hospitalization: A statistically...
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Background/Aim: The hormonally-active form of vitamin D, 1,25(OH)2D3, demonstrated activity against oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Cytochrome P450scc (CYP11A1)-derived vitamin D hydroxyderivatives, such as 20(OH)D3 and 1,20(OH)2D3, have overlapping beneficial effects with 1,25(OH)2D3 without causing hypercalcemia. This study sought to determine (i) whether 20(OH)D3 and 1,20(OH)2D3 exhibit antitumor effects against OSCC comparable to those of 1,25(OH)2D3 and (ii) whether these effects may stem...
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Background/Aim: Hydrocele testis is a common disease with a prevalence of 1% in adults. Although it can be diagnosed by physical examination, scrotal ultrasound represents a standard diagnostic tool, to exclude underlying pathologies among them testicular or scrotal malignancies. Patients and Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 156 patients aged between 20 and 60 years who underwent surgical hydrocelectomy between 2003 and 2018. Pre-surgical ultrasound, histological results, complications...
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Background/Aim: Matrix-producing breast carcinoma (MPBC) is a rare and usually aggressive triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). In the present report, we determined the drug sensitivity for a triple-negative MPBC using a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model. Materials and Methods: The PDOX model was established in the left 2nd mammary by surgical orthotopic implantation (SOI). MPBC PDOX models were randomized into 4 groups (6 mice per group) when the tumor volume became 80 mm3: G1, control...
5h
Background/Aim: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a biologically heterogeneous disease that can be classified into de novo AML and secondary AML. Secondary AML can be further divided into therapy-related AML (t-AML) or AML evolving from antecedent hematological disorder (AHD-AML). This study evaluated the characteristics and prognosis of secondary AML in a homogeneous East Asian population who are often under-represented. Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective, longitudinal cohort study of...
5h
Background/Aim: In the present study, the breast cancer patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model was used to identify an effective drug for a highly aggressive triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Materials and Methods: The TNBC tumor from a patient was implanted in the right 4th inguinal mammary fat pad of nude mice to establish a PDOX model. Three weeks later, 19 mice were randomized into the untreated-control group (n=10) and the eribulin treatment group (n=9, eribulin, 0.3 mg/kg, i.p.,...
5h
Background/Aim: Even though advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can effectively differentiate between medulloblastoma and ependymoma, it is not readily available throughout the world. This study aimed to investigate the role of simple quantified basic MRI sequences in the differentiation between medulloblastoma and ependymoma in children. Patients and Methods: The institutional review board approved this prospective study. The brain MRI protocol, including sagittal T1-weighted, axial T2-weighted,...
5h
Background/Aim: This study analyzed the gene expression of the "classic" KLK1 and "new" kallikreins KLK4-KLK15, in relation to the molecular characteristics and in vitro invasiveness of 21 breast cancer (BC) and three normal breast-derived cell lines (CLs). Materials and Methods: Gene expression of KLKs was determined by using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The invasiveness of the CLs was examined using a fibroblast-collagen-based in vitro cell culture assay. Results: KLK5 and KLK7–KLK11...
5h
Aim: To explore whether the size and characteristics of the largest regional lymph node in patients with rectal cancer, based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), following neoadjuvant therapy and before surgery, is able to identify patients at high risk of developing metachronous metastases. Patients and Methods: A retrospective case–control study with data from the Swedish Colo-Rectal Cancer Registry. Forty patients were identified with metachronous metastases (M+), and 40 patients without metastases...
5h
Background: Spectrin αII contributes to cisplatin and carboplatin resistance in ovarian serous carcinoma cells, and its expression in surgical specimens is a valid predictor of prognosis. We sought to identify effective drugs for spectrin αII-mediated cisplatin-resistant cells. Materials and Methods: We employed SKOV3 cells with small interfering RNA-mediated spectrin αII downregulation, serous carcinoma cells (NOS2), cisplatin-resistant cells (NOS2CR2), and oxaliplatin-resistant cells (NOS2OXR)....
5h
Background/Aim: We aimed to study the association between the quantitative interferon-gamma (IFN-) levels and clinical outcomes in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Patients and Methods: Sample collection for IFN- release assay (IGRA) was performed within 14 days before treatment (T1), on day 22±7 (T3), and on day 43±7 (T4). The stored specimens over 10 IU/ml in IGRA were re-examined using the dilution method (with saline as the dilution medium)....
5h
Background/Aim: Matrix-producing breast carcinoma (MPBC) is a rare and usually aggressive triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). In this study, we determined drug sensitivity for a triple-negative MPBC, without BRCA mutations, in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model. Materials and Methods: The MPBC PDOX model was established in the left 2nd mammary gland of nude mouse by implantation of the patient tumor using surgical orthotopic implantation (SOI). We randomized MPBC PDOX mice into...
5h
Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have changed the management of cancer dramatically. However, not all patients respond to ICI and their use places patients at a significant risk of immune-related adverse reactions. A few biomarkers including programmed death-1 receptor/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1), micro-satellite instability (MSI) status, and tumor mutational burden (TMB) have gained popularity as surrogates to predict responsiveness to ICI. Case Report: Herein, we report...
5h
Background/Aim: Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) is associated with a poor survival rate even with multi-modality treatment. In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of recombinant methioninase (rMETase) combined with tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) A1-R against a doxorubicin-resistant DDLPS in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse model. Materials and Methods: A recurrent high-grade DDLPS from the right retroperitoneum of a patient was grown orthotopically...
5h
Background/Aim: Survival scores are important for treatment personalisation. A score for older patients with cerebral metastasis from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was generated. Patients and Methods: Dose-fractionation of whole-brain irradiation, age, gender, general condition, histology, count of cerebral lesions, extra-cerebral metastatic spread and time between NSCLC-diagnosis and whole-brain irradiation were analysed for survival in 285 patients. Independent prognostic characteristics were...
5h
Background/Aim: Mast cell transformation, as manifested in mastocytosis, can be a serious condition for which there are limited therapeutic options. Mastocytosis cells can be sensitive to histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, but their sensitivity to other histone-modifying enzymes has not been assessed. Here we addressed this issue. Materials and Methods: Inhibitors of histone methyl transferases, histone demethylases, histone acetyl transferases and HDACs were tested for their effects on growth,...
5h
Background/Aim: This study aimed to improve the prognostic significance of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Patients and Methods: In this retrospective study, NLR and TIL data from 677 operated breast cancer patients were analysed. The cut-off value of NLR was set at 2.72, and TIL levels were classified as low (<10%), intermediate (≥10 to <50%), and high (≥50%). Results: Recurrence-free survival (RFS) was significantly longer in patients with...
5h
Background/Aim: Radiotherapy-induced autophagy affects radiation-sensitivity and radiotherapy efficacy. Histone modifications also occur during radiotherapy. This study assessed radiotherapy effects on histone modification and autophagy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Materials and Methods: NSCLC cells were subjected to -irradiation. Autophagy was detected using western blotting and acridine orange staining. Radiation effect on cell growth was evaluated by clonogenic assay. Histone modifications...
5h
Background: The Japanese bladder cancer treatment guidelines recommend concurrent chemoradiotherapy, including wide pelvic irradiation. Many elderly patients, however, cannot tolerate standard treatment because of low performance status. Therefore, to reduce complications, elderly patients sometimes receive radiation therapy without elective nodal irradiation or chemotherapy. Patients and Methods: Outcomes were retrospectively analyzed in 19 elderly patients with N0 muscle-invasive bladder cancer...
5h
Background/Aim: Sonodynamic cancer therapy is based on the preferential uptake and/or retention of a sonosensitizing drug (sonosensitizer) in tumor tissues and the subsequent activation of the drug by ultrasound irradiation. In the present study, we investigated the sonodynamically-induced antitumoral effect with functionalized carbon nanotubes, such as poly-ethylene glycol-modified carbon nanotubes (PEG-modified CNTs). Materials and Methods: Antitumor effects were evaluated using histological observation...
5h
Background/Aim: Peritoneal fluid (PF) cytology is critical for distinguishing high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) from metastatic disease in patients with breast carcinoma who present with peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC). Case Report: A 50-year-old woman underwent surgery and adjuvant therapy for pT1N0 grade 2/2 luminal A breast carcinoma. Sixteen months postoperatively, palliative chemotherapy was administered following a pleural biopsy and diagnosis of metastatic carcinoma. The patient developed...
5h
Background/Aim: Androgens are essential for the growth of most prostate cancers (PCa). As a result, androgen ablation is the mainstay of the treatment of PCa. Proteins of the polycomb and trithorax family are master epigenetic regulators of cell type specific gene expression including androgen receptor. Materials and Methods: We interrogated epigenetic changes of a 24-gene panel corresponding to polycomb and trithorax genes by PCR array and differential gene expression by quantitative real time-PCR...
5h
Background/Aim: Microtubule-associated tumor suppressor 1 (MTUS1) is a novel tumor suppressor involved in proliferation and migration, and down-regulation of MTUS1 is associated with the poor prognosis of several cancers. We evaluated the clinicopathological significance of MTUS1 expression in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Patients and Methods: We assessed MTUS1 expression by immunohistochemical staining of tissue microarrays from 249 cases of RCC. We analyzed the correlation of MTUS1 expression and...
5h
Background/Aim: To evaluate the utility of high spatial resolution digital positron emission tomography images with the source-to-background ratio (SBR) algorithm for gross tumour volume (GTV) delineation. Materials and Methods: The bowl and spheres (10-37 mm) were filled with fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose to achieve 4-16 times background radioactivity. The images were reconstructed using three isotropic voxel sizes. The SBR and percentage threshold (TH) to SUVmax were calculated. The plots between SBR...
5h
Background/Aim: To evaluate the role of MRI in patients with atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH) and incorporate MRI findings in predictive models estimating the risk of co-existent endometrial cancer (EC). Patients and Methods: Data from 189 women diagnosed with AEH and had MRI scan prior to operation, over nine years, were retrospectively collected. Results: Histology showed EC in 51 (27%) cases. Presence of myometrial invasion on MRI was more commonly detected in patients with EC compared to...
5h
Background/Aim: We previously showed that oxaliplatin induces necrotic-like cell death in hepatocarcinomas, and combination with ursodexoycholic acid (UDCA) significantly shifts the necrotic-like death to apoptosis. Since cell death mode is crucial on inflammatory responses and chemotherapeutic efficacy, the mechanism underlying determination of cell death mode by UDCA was investigated in this study. Materials and Methods: Apoptosis or necrosis was determined by apoptotic body formation, caspase-8...
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Background/Aim: Skeletal muscle mass loss is an emerging concern in oncology. Our systematic review and meta-analysis identified the mean difference in skeletal muscle index pre- to post-chemotherapy and synthesized potential key factors. Materials and Methods: We searched primary original research published through October 2019 in four databases: MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and Embase. Results: Fifteen studies were included, 60% published in the past 2 years (2018-2019). Advanced non-small...
5h
Background/Aim: Certain integrins including integrin β3 facilitate movement and survival of metastatic cancer cells. We examined whether benzoxazine dimer analogue N,N-bis(5-ethyl-2-hydroxybenzyl) methylamine (HM) has anti-metastatic effects. Materials and Methods: Cell viability was examined by the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Wound healing and phalloidin-rhodamine assays were performed to evaluate the migration and filopodia formation, respectively....
5h
Background/Aim: The aim of the study was to compare platinum resistance and treatment-free interval (TFI) following treatment with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and interval debulking surgery (IDS) or primary debulking surgery (PDS) in women with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Patients and Methods: The study included patients diagnosed with primary EOC, stage IIIC or IV, between 2005 and 2013. Patients were grouped according to first-line treatment (PDS vs. NACT-IDS). Date of second-line...
5h
Background: Physical plasma is a mixture of reactive particles and electromagnetic radiation. Due to the antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, wound-healing promoting, and antineoplastic effects of body tempered physical plasma under atmospheric pressure (cold atmospheric plasma: CAP), CAP therapy is increasingly becoming the focus of surgical and oncological disciplines. However, when applied in practice, a potential emission of harmful noxae such as toxic nitrogen oxides must be taken...
5h
Background/Aim: Understanding of the molecular events associated with progression and survival differences in patients with lower-grade gliomas (LGGs) is still unclear. The comparison of findings across studies using different datasets and methods is essential for a new molecular-based classification system. The aim of the study was to identify biomarkers for prognostic classification of patients with LGGs, and furthermore to lay a foundation for future development of targeted therapies for LGGs....
5h
Background/Aim: Alpha/beta-hydrolase domain containing 12 (ABHD12) is a serine hydrolase that regulates immunological and neurological mechanisms. This study aimed to elucidate the oncogenic effect of ABHD12 on human breast cancer. Materials and Methods: ABHD12 expression was confirmed in breast cancer tissues and breast cancer cell lines by immunohistochemistry and quantitative RT-PCR. To determine the role of ABHD12, ABHD12 siRNA-suppressed breast cancer cells (MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells) were investigated...
5h
Human fascioliasis is a rare parasitic disease outside of countries in which it is endemic. The diagnosis of hepatic-phase fascioliasis by diagnostic imaging alone is challenging. A 69-year-old female was referred to our hospital for the treatment of a solitary solid cystic mass lesion, 6 cm in diameter, accompanied with mild symptoms and minimal changes in laboratory parameters. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma was suspected, and she underwent extended posterior sectionectomy. Four months later,...
5h
Background/Aim: The occurrence of BRAFV600E mutation causes an up-regulation of the B-raf kinase activity leading to the stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) - the promoter of the 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) enzyme. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of the (2E)-3-(3-Pyridinyl)-1-(4-pyridinyl)-2-propen-1-one (3PO), as an inhibitor of PFKFB3, on human melanoma cells (A375) with endogenous BRAFV600E mutation. Materials and Methods:...
5h
Background/Aim: Methionine addiction is a general and fundamental hallmark of cancer. Methionine addiction can be targeted by methionine restriction (MR). Our laboratory has studied methionine addiction in cancer and MR for almost 50 years. The present study describes oral recombinant methioninase (o-rMETase), as a supplement, to induce MR in cancer patients. Patients and Methods: One patient, a 67-year-old female with high-stage ovarian cancer took o-rMETase twice a day at 250 units per dose for...
5h
Background/Aim: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is an aggressive head and neck malignancy. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of periostin (POSTN) in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process mediating the acquisition of radioresistance in HNSCC. Materials and Methods: The expression levels of EMT hallmark genes including POSTN and Erk/Akt signaling pathways were compared between radiosensitive and radioresistant HNSCC cells. Results: POSTN mRNA expression...
5h
Background/Aim: We performed a phase II study of triple-drug combination chemoradiotherapy (DCF-R therapy), in which docetaxel was added to the standard chemoradiotherapy (cisplatin [CDDP]/5-fluorouracil [5-FU]) for unresectable advanced esophageal cancer. Patients and Methods: Sixty-one patients with unresectable advanced esophageal cancer underwent the following DCF-R therapy: intravenous infusion of l60 mg/m2 docetaxel and 60 mg/m2 of CDDP (day 1), and 600 mg/m2 of 5-FU (days 1-5); 2 courses administered...
5h
Background/Aim: There is rapid progression and widespread use of patient-derived tumor xenografts (PDX) in translational pancreatic cancer research. This study aimed to establish a liver transplant PDX model using cryopreserved primary pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Patients and Methods: Primary PDAC from 10 patients were cryopreserved and transplanted into immunodeficient mice using the liver pocket method. H&E staining and immunohistochemical staining, such as Ki-67, p53, Smad4, and...
5h
Background/Aim: Although omitting whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) during the treatment of few brain metastases more popular, many patients receive local therapies plus WBRT. WBRT may be less reasonable for patients with poor overall survival (OS), particularly if they are older. This study aimed to identify predictors of OS in these patients. Patients and Methods: One-hundred-and-two older patients receiving a local therapy (surgery, radiosurgery, simultaneous integrated boost) and WBRT for 1-3 brain...
5h
Background/Aim: Two-thirds of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients present with locally advanced (LA) stages and have a poor survival rate. The aim of this study was to investigate the roles of the long non-coding RNAs MALAT1 on radiation and cisplatin sensitivity of HNSCC cells. Materials and Methods: Clonogenic, cell viability, and apoptosis assays were performed in cells following MALAT1 knockdown using CRISPR/Cas9 system. Results: MALAT1 was overexpressed in HNSCC cell lines...
5h
Background/Aim: Definitive radiotherapy for bone and soft tissues sarcomas benefits patients deemed unfit for surgery; poor outcomes have been reported with conventional photons, while interesting preliminary results have been described with particle in single-Institution experiences. The aim of the study was to retrospectively evaluate preliminary results of carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) in patients with axial bone and soft tissue sarcomas (BSTS) treated with curative intent at the National Center...
5h
Background/Aim: Nitric oxide (NO) functions have been studied in many cancer types, but rarely in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This study aimed to investigate the behavior of HNSCC cells following exposure to high NO (HNO). Materials and Methods: Two pairs of isogenic HNSCC cell lines (HN18/HN17, HN30/HN31) were used, and were treated with a NO donor for 72 h. Cell viability, cell cycle, apoptosis, invasion, and MMP activity were determined using MTT, flow cytometry, Matrigel invasion,...
5h
Background: Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is associated with significant postoperative ileus (POI). This study examined intraoperative gastrointestinal wall thickness (GWT) and its association with patient outcomes. Patients and Methods: A prospective study of patients undergoing CRS and HIPEC. Proximal and distal small intestine GWT, before and after HIPEC were recorded. Results: Thirty-four patients (mean age=56.1 years, 61.8% female) were recruited....
5h
Background/Aim: The therapeutic strategy for patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring the BRAF non-V600E mutation has not been established. LY3009120, a newly discovered pan-RAF inhibitor, has shown strong antitumor effects in cancers with various BRAF genotypes. This study investigated the antitumor effects of LY3009120 in NSCLC cells harboring the BRAF non-V600E mutation. Materials and Methods: We examined the antitumor effects of LY3009120 by MTS assay and flow cytometry. We...
5h
Background/Aim: This study evaluated the prognostic significance of preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and whether preoperative NLR was associated with CD8+ TILs in biliary tract cancers (BTCs). Patients and Methods: A total of 154 patients with BTCs who underwent surgery were enrolled in this study. We obtained neutrophil and lymphocyte counts, and calculated NLR from preoperative peripheral blood samples. CD8+ TILs were identified by...
5h
Background/Aim: To evaluate the anti-cancer mechanism of N-Farnesyl-norcantharimide (NC15). Materials and Methods: The viability of NC15-treated human leukemic Jurkat T (JKT) cells was assessed using the Kit-8 cell counting method. Flow cytometry analysis, human apoptosis antibody array assay, and whole genome sequencing were adopted to investigate the mechanism underlying the anti-cancer activity of NC15 in JKT cells. Results: The growth inhibition rates of NC15 in JKT cells were about 80% and 95%...
5h
Background/Aim: Competing mortality risks complicate treatment of elderly melanoma patients potentially leading to conservative management, including no sentinel lymph node biopsy. As systemic immunotherapy offers justification for nodal evaluation, we examined treatment trends among elderly melanoma patients. Patients and Methods: We performed a National Cancer Database analysis of melanoma patients from 2004-2015. Patients were categorized by age (elderly ≥80-years-old). Multivariable logistic...
5h
Background/Aim: Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) plays dual suppressive and oncogenic roles in mammary carcinogenesis. Materials and Methods: To analyze whether TGF-β exerts suppressive or oncogenic actions on mammary carcinogenesis, transgenic mice overexpressing a dominant-negative mutant type II TGF-β receptor (TβRII-DNR) driven by the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) promoter were treated with a low dose of urethane, a carcinogen present in fermented food products and alcoholic beverages....
5h
Background: Although oncogene-targeted therapy is a first-line treatment for advanced, unresectable lung adenocarcinoma harboring a target gene mutation, its effect on potentially resectable, locally advanced lung adenocarcinoma remains unclear. Patients and Methods: Ten patients with clinically diagnosed stage III lung adenocarcinoma harboring a target gene mutation were enrolled in the current feasibility study of targeted therapy followed by cytotoxic chemotherapy (platinum and pemetrexed) before...
5h
Background/Aim: Tumour budding (TB), i.e. the presence of groups of ≤5 tumour cells ahead of the invasive tumour front, is a pathological feature associated with an aggressive outcome in several cancer types. The aim of this study was to assess the value of TB as an independent prognostic factor of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCC). Materials and Methods: We studied 25 cases of aggressive cSCC (defined as tumours that developed local recurrences and/or metastases after adequate excision)...
5h
Background/Aim: Contrast enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) is a novel method of breast cancer diagnosis. Benign lesions are enhanced after contrast injection on both CESM and breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Kinetic curves on breast MRI facilitate differentiation between benign and malignant lesions, while on CESM there is no such possibility and we need to asses lesions based only on their level of enhancement and its patterns. The aim of this study was to compare two subjective assessments...
5h
Background/Aim: Oral mucositis, which occurs frequently in the treatment of cancer, is a major problem. In this study, we aimed to develop a rat model of oral mucositis induced by cancer chemotherapy for quantitative measurement. Materials and Methods: A model animal of oral mucositis was prepared by injecting an acetic acid aqueous solution into the buccal mucosa of rats to which a 5-FU solution had been previously administered. The doses of 5-FU and acetic acid were examined, and a treatment experiment...
5h
Background/Aim: The spliceosome pathway, including Splicing Factor 3b Subunit 4 (SF3B4), plays an important role in carcinogenesis and progression in various cancers; however, the clinical relevance of SF3B4 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unknown. Patients and Methods: SF3B4 expression was evaluated by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in 80 ESCC patients. In order to explore the mechanism of SF3B4 in ESCC, the mRNA expression and copy number of SF3B4...
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Background/Aim: Using a syngeneic tongue cancer mouse model, the effect of CD40 agonist and PD-1 antagonist combination therapy for local recurrence after surgery was evaluated in a partially depleted CD4 model. Materials and Methods: C3H/HeN mice were injected with 0.05 mg of the anti-mouse CD4 clone GK1.5, causing partial depletion of CD4 cells. Tongue cancer was induced by injecting the squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) VII cell line, the tumor was resected by partial glossectomy, and CD40 agonist...
5h
Background/Aim: Currently, there is no recommendation for the treatment of breast cancer (BC) with bone-marrow cell infiltration (BMI). We evaluated the efficacy and safety of weekly-paclitaxel in this population. Patients and Methods: This retrospective study included all BC patients with BMI receiving weekly-paclitaxel between January 2014 and May 2018. Overall-survival (OS) was the primary endpoint. Secondary endpoints were progression-free-survival (PFS) and safety. Results: BMI was diagnosed...
5h
Background/Aim: Interactions between stromal and tumor cells in tumor microenvironment contribute to tumor progression. In bladder cancer (BCa), infiltration of macrophages in tumors correlates with cancer progression. Herein, the aim was to study the paracrine effects of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) on BCa cells. Materials and Methods: The correlation between TAMs and tumor grade and stages was examined in tumor tissue microarrays. In addition, a conditioned media (CM) model was employed to...
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Background: Although oncological results for resection of colon cancer with inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) ligation at its origin (high tie) or immediately below the left colic artery (low tie) are similar, injury of the superior hypogastric plexus may be caused when the IMA is tied at its origin, thus impairing defecatory functions. Aim: The importance of IMA tie location on defecatory dysfunction in patients undergoing laparoscopic sigmoidal resection without preoperative radiation therapy was...
5h
Background/Aim: Glioblastoma (GB) is the most aggressive type of tumor in the central nervous system and is characterized by resistance to therapy and abundant vasculature. Tumor vessels contribute to the growth of GB, and the tumor microenvironment is thought to influence tumor vessels. We evaluated the molecular communication between human GB cells and human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) in vitro. Materials and Methods: We investigated whether GB-conditioned media (GB-CM) influenced...
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Background/Aim: Continuation maintenance therapy is standard for advanced nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer; however, the optimal maintenance strategy has yet to be determined. Patients and Methods: Patients without disease progression after four cycles of carboplatin (CBDCA)+ pemetrexed (PEM)+ bevacizumab (BEV) were randomized to maintenance therapy with BEV, PEM, or BEV+PEM. The primary endpoint was 1-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate. Results: Of the 90 patients enrolled, 64 were...
5h
Background/Aim: Ciprofloxacin has been used as an antibiotic in the clinic for decades. Recently, ciprofloxacin and its derivatives have shown promising anti-proliferative and cytotoxic activities against several malignant cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a new derivative of ciprofloxacin on colorectal cancer (HCT116) and non-small lung carcinoma (A549) cells. Materials and Methods: Cell viability was detected by the MTT assay. Flow cytometry was used to examine the cell...
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Background/Aim: Expanded indications for patients with preoperatively suspected prostate cancer (PC) undergoing theranostic robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (T-RARP) are reported. We aimed to build a nomogram of T-RARP to predict final pathologically proven PC. This study reviewed data of 153 patients that underwent T-RARP for suspected PC performed by the same surgeon. Patients and Methods: Patients' preoperative demographic and clinical characteristics included age, prostate-specific...
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Utility of the Free Vascularized Fibula Flap to Reconstruct Oncologic Defects in the Upper Extremity
Background/Aim: Non-vascularized methods to reconstruct bone defects following tumor resection are associated with complications. As a result, the free vascularized fibular flap (FVF) has become a mainstay for reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to analyze FVF reconstruction in the upper extremity. Patients and Methods: We reviewed 28 (14 female and 14 male, mean age of 29±20 years) patients reconstructed with an FVF in the upper extremity following tumor resection. Reconstruction most...
5h
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