Abstract Many organisms inhabiting seasonal environments exhibit adaptive developmental plasticity, allowing them to optimally match life-history traits with fluctuating conditions. This critically relies on environmental cues, such as temperature, as predictors for seasonal transitions. In most seasonal environments, multiple factors vary together, but might not be equally relevant as cue, making it crucial to understand their combined effects on an organism’s phenotype. Here,...
Thu Jul 09, 2020 03:00
Abstract Purpose of Review The looming threat of antimicrobial resistance requires robust stewardship and new developments in infectious diseases pharmacotherapy. This review discusses the pertinent spectrum and clinical data of lefamulin (Xenleta®), with a focus on potential real-world use. Recent Findings Lefamulin is a novel pleuromutilin...
Thu Jul 09, 2020 03:00
Wed Jul 08, 2020 21:17
Wed Jul 08, 2020 21:17
Key points We explored the large variability in motor skill acquisition‐related effects on the primary and sensory cortices. Namely, we tested whether this variability depends on interindividual variance or the type of motor task investigated. We compared different motor learning tasks, i.e. model‐free vs. model‐based learning tasks, and their possible differential effects on the primary motor and sensory cortices by using transcranial magnetic stimulation techniques. The model‐free learning...
Wed Jul 08, 2020 17:25
Key points Changes in hematocrit influence nitric oxide signalling through alterations in shear stress stimuli and hemoglobin scavenging of nitric oxide; these two regulatory factors have not been assessed simultaneously Isovolumic hemodilution led to a marked increase in brachial artery flow‐mediated dilation in humans The increase in flow‐mediated dilation occurred in the face of an unaltered shear stress stimulus for vasodilation and reduced resting steady‐state nitric oxide levels in the...
Wed Jul 08, 2020 17:23
Abstract Background House dust endotoxin may have beneficial effects on allergic sensitization and asthma in children. Evidence is scarce for adolescents and most studies so far have been cross‐sectional and limited to a single exposure measurement. Objective We assessed associations of house dust endotoxin with asthma and allergic sensitization from birth to age 17 years longitudinally taking into account exposure early in life and at primary school age. Methods We used data of 854...
Wed Jul 08, 2020 11:31
In the published article a reference to the author’s prior work remained redacted in the final version.
Thu Jul 09, 2020 03:00
Analyst, 2020, Accepted ManuscriptDOI: 10.1039/D0AN01081B, PaperPengfei Zhang, Guiwen Wang, Shushi HuangParallel micro-Raman spectroscopy can significantly expand the analytical capacity of single biological cells. By positioning the Raman spectra of multiple trapped cells on a detector array along the grating dispersion...The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
Thu Jul 09, 2020 02:00
Abstract Objectives Long‐tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis ) are widely distributed throughout the mainland and islands of Southeast Asia, making them a useful model for understanding the complex biogeographical history resulting from drastic changes in sea levels throughout the Pleistocene. Past studies based on mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of long‐tailed macaque museum specimens have traced their colonization patterns throughout the archipelago, but mitogenomes trace only the maternal...
Wed Jul 08, 2020 22:00
Abstract Objectives Reconstruction of the activity of past human populations can be carried out using various skeletal markers; however, the relationship between these methods is not fully understood. Therefore, the main aim of this article is to analyze the relationship between entheseal changes, cross‐sectional properties, and variability in the shape of the upper limb. Materials and methods The analyzed material consisted of CT images of 71 right scapulae, humeri, and ulnae belonging...
Wed Jul 08, 2020 16:33
Abstract Purpose Tapentadol is a dual-acting mu-opioid receptor agonist and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor with non-inferior analgesic efficacy to oxycodone and better gastrointestinal tolerability than full mu-opioid receptor agonists. Tapentadol is approved for cancer pain in Japan; however, real-world evidence on tapentadol’s effectiveness and safety for cancer-related pain in Japan is limited. ...
Thu Jul 09, 2020 03:00
Abstract Fluid dynamics generated by irrigation needles have not been deeply analyzed in root canal irregularities such as apical ramifications or isthmus where the cleaning capacity of irrigants might be compromised and hence, treatment outcome. The goal of this study was to compare the key irrigation parameters (flow pattern, irrigant velocity, apical pressure and shear stress) between two irrigation needles and the additional effect of aspiration cannulas through computational fluid dynamics....
Wed Jul 08, 2020 17:20
Abstract Purpose of Review Olfactory functioning disturbances are common following traumatic brain injury (TBI) having a significant impact on quality of life. A spontaneous recovery of the olfactory function over time may occur in TBI patients. Although there is no standard treatment for patients with posttraumatic olfactory loss, olfactory training (OT) has shown some promise beneficial effects. However, the mechanisms underlying...
Thu Jul 09, 2020 03:00
Abstract Purpose of Review The most serious DNA damage, DNA double strand breaks (DNA-dsb), leads to mutagenesis, carcinogenesis or apoptosis if left unrepaired. Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) is the principle repair pathway employed by mammalian cells to repair DNA-dsb. Several proteins are involved in this pathway, defects in which can lead to human disease. This review updates on the most recent information available for...
Thu Jul 09, 2020 03:00
Abstract Purpose of Review Stings of Hymenoptera of the superfamily Vespoidea such as yellow jackets, paper wasps or stinging ants are common triggers for severe and even fatal allergic reactions. Antigen 5 allergens are potent allergens in the majority of these venoms with major importance for diagnosis and therapy. Reviewed here are the characteristics of antigen 5 allergens, their role in component-resolved diagnostics as well...
Thu Jul 09, 2020 03:00
Abstract Purpose of Review Granulomatosis with polyangiitis is a primary systemic vasculitis commonly described with the typical triad of upper airway, lung, and kidney involvement. Upper and lower airway involvement is characteristic in patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis and can sometimes represent the initial or in some instances the sole manifestation. The objective of this review is to summarize the various clinical...
Thu Jul 09, 2020 03:00
Abstract Purpose of Review In the ever-changing healthcare system, along with new advancements in the field of allergy, the workflow for the allergist continues to evolve requiring more time spent doing non-clinical duties such as documentation and reviewing reimbursement challenges in the midst of busy clinics. The use of electronic medical records and medical scribes has emerged as tactics to aid the clinic’s workflow and efficiency...
Thu Jul 09, 2020 03:00
Abstract Purpose of Review Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) presents with symptoms of aural fullness and pressure, muffled hearing, tinnitus, and otalgia. When severe, it can lead to many common ear disorders such as otitis media with effusion, tympanic membrane retraction/perforation, and cholesteatoma. These diseases are prevalent in both the pediatric and adult population and significantly impact quality of life. The pathophysiology...
Thu Jul 09, 2020 03:00
Background Biomarkers of neurodegeneration, e.g. MRI brain atrophy and [18F]FDG-PET hypometabolism, are often evaluated in patients suspected of neurodegenerative disease. Objective Our primary objective was to investigate prognostic properties of atrophy and hypometabolism. Methods From March 2015-June 2016, 149 patients referred to a university hospital...
Thu Jul 09, 2020 03:00
Background Thyroid carcinoma (THCA) is a common endocrine malignant tumor. Papillary carcinoma with low degree of malignancy and good prognosis is the most common. It can occur at any age, but it is more common in young adults. Although the mortality rate is decreased due to early diagnosis, the survival rate varies depending on the type of tumor. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify hub biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets for THCA. ...
Thu Jul 09, 2020 03:00
Background The aquatic environment has been contaminated with various anthropogenic pollutants, including psychoactive compounds that may alter the physiology and behavior of free-living organisms. The present study focused on the condition and related mortality of the juvenile chub (Squalius cephalus). The aim of the study was to test whether the adverse effects of the antidepressants sertraline and citalopram, the analgesic tramadol and the illicit drug methamphetamine, on fish...
Thu Jul 09, 2020 03:00
Borneo has gone through dramatic changes in geology and topography from the early Eocene until the early Pliocene and experienced climatic cycling during the Pleistocene. However, how these changes have shaped the present-day patterns of high diversity and complex distribution are still poorly understood. In this study, we use integrative approaches by estimating phylogenetic relationships, divergence time, and current and past niche suitability for the Bornean endemic land snail genus Everettia...
Thu Jul 09, 2020 03:00
Access to the scientific literature is perceived to be a challenge to the biodiversity conservation community, but actual level of literature access relative to needs has never been assessed globally. We examined this question by surveying the constituency of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as a proxy for the conservation community, generating 2,285 responses. Of these respondents, ∼97% need to use the scientific literature in order to support their IUCN-related conservation...
Thu Jul 09, 2020 03:00
Discrete, ephemeral natural phenomena with low spatial or temporal predictability are incredibly challenging to study systematically. In ecology, species interactions, which constitute the functional backbone of ecological communities, can be notoriously difficult to characterise especially when taxa are inconspicuous and the interactions of interest (e.g., trophic events) occur infrequently, rapidly, or variably in space and time. Overcoming such issues has historically required significant time...
Thu Jul 09, 2020 03:00
This article describes or redescribes four hexactinellid sponges, namely Poliopogon amadou, Euplectella sanctipauli sp. nov., Bolosoma perezi sp. nov. and Advhena magnifica gen. et sp. nov. P. amadou, E. sanctipauli sp. nov. and B. perezi sp. nov. represent new findings for the South Atlantic deep-sea fauna, including the first record of Bolosoma for this ocean. Advhena magnifica gen. et sp. nov., on the other hand, was collected by NOAA oceanographic expeditions in the North Pacific (Pigafetta Guyot).
Thu Jul 09, 2020 03:00
Abstract Objectives Ribonucleotide reductase M2 (RRM2) is a rate‐limiting enzyme involved in DNA repair and synthesis. This study aims to investigate the expression level, clinicopathological significance and prognostic value of RRM2 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Materials and methods Human OSCC tissue microarrays were used to detect the expression of RRM2, cancer stem cell (CSCs) markers CD44 and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1), and the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT)...
Wed Jul 08, 2020 22:42
Abstract Objective To compare the effects of dietary fat and sex on murine oral squamous cell carcinoma pathology. Materials and methods Male and female C57Bl/6 mice (36/sex) received a low‐fat (10 kcal%) or high‐fat (60 kcal%) diet. Water (control), vehicle, or 4‐nitroquinoline‐1‐oxide in vehicle (50 µg/ml) was provided for 17 weeks followed by 6 additional weeks of water. Oral lesion development was recorded weekly. Histopathologic changes in tongues were examined and T cells (CD3+),...
Wed Jul 08, 2020 14:41
Abstract Objectives To investigate the effects of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) on the inflammatory process of periodontitis by evaluating bone loss and the expression of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) and Src homology phosphotyrosyl phosphatase 2 (SHP‐2). Materials and Methods Eighty 6‐month‐old male SD rats were randomized into four groups (10 rats/group/per time point): 1) normal group, 2) ETS group, 3) ligature‐induced periodontitis group and 4) ligature‐induced periodontitis + ETS group....
Wed Jul 08, 2020 14:20
Abstract Oculo‐Auriculo‐Vertebral Spectrum (OAVS) [MIM:164210], or Goldenhar syndrome, is a developmental disorder associating defects of structures derived from the first and second branchial arches. The genetic origin of OAVS is supported by the description of rare deleterious variants in a few causative genes, and several chromosomal copy‐number variations. We describe here a large family with eight male members affected by a mild form of the spectrum, mostly auricular defects, harboring...
Wed Jul 08, 2020 12:45
Abstract Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) patients are often colonized with Staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcal biofilms have been reported on adult AD skin lesions. The commensal Staphylococcus epidermidis can antagonize S. aureus , although its role in AD is unclear. We sought to characterize S. aureus and S. epidermidis colonization and biofilm propensity and determine their associations with AD severity, barrier function, and epidermal gene expression in the first US early‐life...
Wed Jul 08, 2020 21:54
Abstract Background Skin biopsies promote our understanding of atopic dermatitis/AD pathomechanisms in infants/toddlers with early‐onset AD, but are not feasible in pediatric populations. Tape‐strips are an emerging, minimally‐invasive alternative, but global transcriptomic profiling in early pediatric AD is lacking. We aimed to provide global lesional and non‐lesional skin profiles of infants/toddlers with recent‐onset, moderate‐to‐severe AD using tape‐strips. Methods Sixteen tape‐strips...
Wed Jul 08, 2020 18:39
ABSTRACT We carefully read the recently published research letter “Is asthma protective of COVID‐19?” by Carli et al.1 with great interest. Important topics for asthma patients during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic were discussed, including that until recently there was limited evidence that patients with chronic respiratory disorders are at lower risk of being infected with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) or becoming severely ill.
Wed Jul 08, 2020 15:53
Abstract Prevalence of obesity and associated diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), are increasing. Underlying mechanisms, especially in humans, are unclear. Bariatric surgery provides the unique opportunity to obtain biopsies and portal vein blood‐samples. The BARIA Study aims to assess how microbiota and their metabolites affect transcription in key tissues and clinical outcome in obese subjects and how baseline...
Wed Jul 08, 2020 11:50
Abstract Background Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have poor outcomes following myocardial infarction (MI). We performed an untargeted examination of 175 biomarkers to identify those with the strongest association with CKD and to examine the association of those biomarkers with long‐term outcomes. Methods A total of 175 different biomarkers from MI patients enrolled in the Swedish Web‐System for Enhancement and Development of Evidence‐Based Care in Heart Disease...
Wed Jul 08, 2020 11:19
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