Recent decades have witnessed the genesis and progressive application of intelligent machines and computer programs that have the ability to process information and execute cognitive functions similar to those of human logic and reasoning such as problem solving and decision making. That is artificial intelligence (AI) in a nutshell as envisioned by John McCarthy, “the father of AI”. Healthcare has welcomed AI, giving rise to collaborations such as the Moorfields Eye Hospital and Google’s DeepMind...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 03:00
To compare the effectiveness and safety of robotic surgery with that of open operations for patients with cancers of the head and neck we made an electronic search of the CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CNKI, CBM, Opengray and Sciencepaper Online databases, and then made a manual search of specific online databases and the reference lists of relevant papers. Our most recent searches were made on 18 July 2018, and we included randomised controlled trials (RCT), case-control studies, cohort studies, and...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 03:00
Wed Sep 11, 2019 20:43
Abstract Hydrops fetalis was diagnosed in 277 (9%) of 3,137 fetuses referred to the Wisconsin Stillbirth Service Program (WiSSP) for etiologic evaluation of stillbirth or second trimester miscarriage. Hydrops was clinically recognized at delivery in only about half the cases, while the remainder were diagnosed at autopsy or during evaluation of records, photographs, and radiographs. The peak incidence of hydrops was at 20–28 weeks. Hydropic fetuses were also frequent before 20 weeks but became increasingly...
Wed Sep 11, 2019 20:48
Abstract Hartsfield syndrome is a rare clinical entity characterized by holoprosencephaly and ectrodactyly with the variable feature of cleft lip/palate. In addition to these symptoms patients with Hartsfield syndrome can show developmental delay of variable severity, isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, central diabetes insipidus, vertebral anomalies, eye anomalies, and cardiac malformations. Pathogenic variants in FGFR1 have been described to cause phenotypically different FGFR1‐related disorders...
Wed Sep 11, 2019 22:00
Abstract Coffin–Lowry syndrome (CLS) is a rare X‐linked disorder characterized by moderate to severe intellectual disability, hypotonia, craniofacial features, tapering digits, short stature, and skeletal deformities. Using whole exome sequencing and high‐resolution targeted comparative genomic hybridization array analysis, we identified a novel microduplication encompassing exons five through nine of RPS6KA3 in three full brothers. Each brother presented with intellectual disability and clinical...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 22:09
Abstract Conventional needle-based approaches in intravitreal drug delivery carry needle-stick-injury risk and could scare patients (belonephobia). Alternatively, our group has explored the application of an electromagnetic needleless injector in this paper. This work aims to improve intravitreal drug delivery, which in the future could assist physicians with automation and benefit patients by providing a needleless approach. Electromagnetic needleless intravitreal injections lack...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 03:00
Fluoride varnish has become a popular anti-cavity treatment for children, and it isn’t hard to see why. It’s relatively easy to apply, and not just for dentists or dental hygienists. The post New study questions value of fluoride varnish appeared first on UW School of Dentistry.
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Objectives: Oscillopsia is a disabling condition for patients with bilateral vestibular hypofunction (BVH). When the vestibulo-ocular reflex is bilaterally impaired, its ability to compensate for rapid head movements must be supported by refixation saccades. The objective of this study is to assess the relationship between saccadic strategies and perceived oscillopsia. Design: To avoid the possibility of bias due to remaining vestibular function, we classified patients into two groups according...
Tue Sep 10, 2019 03:00
Over the past two decades, the approach to peanut introduction and preventing peanut allergy has drastically changed.1 The Learning Early About Peanut (LEAP) study2 provided evidence for the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) guidelines3 for early peanut introduction. The current recommendations have complexities and criticisms regarding how to implement the guidelines; specifically with the shortage of allergists and possibility of developing peanut allergy while on waitlist...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 03:00
J Neurol Surg BDOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1696683 Background Cranialization or obliteration is widely accepted intervention for traumatic or intentional breach of the frontal sinus. These techniques, however, result in the loss of frontal sinus function and have a persistent risk of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak and mucocele. Compartmentalization is an open technique for repair of the frontal sinus using allograft onlay and a vascularized periosteal flap that allows for preservation of frontal...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 02:00
J Neurol Surg BDOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1696957 Objective The Kawase approach provides access to the petroclival and posterior cavernous sinus regions, cerebellopontine angle, and upper basilar artery territory. Nevertheless, it remains one of the most challenging approach for neurosurgeons, due to the considerable related morbidity and mortality. The goal of this study was to evaluate the relationship between anatomical landmarks and their possible variations, and to measure the extension...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 02:00
J Neurol Surg BDOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1695001 Introduction Microvascular free flaps offer an alternative to local and regional flaps for coverage of complex or large skull base defects. Routes and approaches to these reconstructive options are complicated and require an understanding of complex head and neck anatomy. Methods A systematic review of the literature was performed using a set of search terms with the help of a qualified librarian. Articles were reviewed and selected...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 02:00
J Neurol Surg BDOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1696707 Background Sinonasal adenocarcinoma (SNAC) is a rare malignancy arising from mucus-secreting glandular tissue. Limited large-scale studies are available due to its rarity. We evaluated SNAC in the National Cancer Database (NCDB), a source that affords multi-institutional, population studies of rare cancers and their outcomes. Methods The NCDB was queried for adenocarcinoma in the sinonasal tract. Multivariate analyses were performed...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 02:00
In this study, a pot experiment was carried out in greenhouse to investigate the potentials of Xerocomus badius and Serendipita indica to penetrate and colonize roots of ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and to ...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 03:00
Locoregional recurrence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) dramatically reduces patient survival. Further, as many OSCC recurrences are inoperable, radiation or chemotherapy with or without biologic adjuncts are the remaining treatment options. While the tumors may initially respond, radiation and chemotherapy-resistant cancer stem cells (CSCs) can readily repopulate OSCC tumors. Currently, following the initial OSCC treatment, patients are closely monitored until a recurrence or a second primary...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 17:35
The pattern-recognition receptor RIG-I plays an important role in the recognition of non-self RNA and antiviral immunity. RIG-I's natural ligand, triphosphate RNA (ppp-RNA), is proposed to be a valuable addition to the growing arsenal of cancer immunotherapy treatment options. In this study we present comprehensive data validating the concept and utility of treatment with synthetic RIG-I agonist ppp-RNA for the therapy of human cancer, with melanoma as potential entry indication amenable to intratumoral...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 17:35
Survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family, is upregulated in multiple cancers including ovarian cancer, but is rarely detectable in normal tissues. We previously reported that survivin promoted epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in ovarian cancer cells, suggesting that survivin may contribute to ovarian tumor metastasis and chemoresistance. In this study, we tested whether knockout or pharmacological inhibition of survivin overcomes chemoresistance and suppresses tumor...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 17:35
Increased activity of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway has been observed in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Morin, a kind of flavonoid, exhibits a significant anticancer activity by suppressing the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. However, the effect of morin on CML and its underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we found that morin dose-dependently inhibited the proliferation of CML cell lines K562 and KCL22 and induced their apoptosis, with a significant increase in cell apoptosis upon exposure of cells...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 17:35
Purpose: While mutations in BRAF in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) most commonly occur at the V600 amino acid, with the advent of next-generation sequencing, non-V600 BRAF mutations are increasingly identified in clinical practice. It is unclear whether these mutants, like BRAF V600E, confer resistance to anti-EGFR therapy.Experimental Design: We conducted a multicenter pooled analysis of consecutive patients with non-V600 BRAF-mutated mCRCs identified between 2010 and 2017. Non-V600 BRAF mutations...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 10:05
Excitement around and investment in oncology drug development are at unprecedented levels. To maximize the health impact and productivity of this R&D investment, quantitative modeling should impact key decisions in early clinical oncology including Go/No-Go decisions based on early clinical data, and dose selection for late stage studies.
Thu Sep 12, 2019 16:24
Purpose: Adjuvant therapy for small, node-negative HER2-positive breast cancer (HER2+ BC) is controversial. We aimed to identify the subgroup that would benefit most from adjuvant chemotherapy and trastuzumab. Experimental Design: We reviewed records of patients with pT1N0M0 HER2+ BC treated at our institution from January 1, 1998, through October 31, 2009. We compared three groups: A, no adjuvant chemotherapy; B, adjuvant chemotherapy only; and C, adjuvant chemotherapy with trastuzumab. We evaluated...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 16:24
As single agents, FLT3 inhibitors are active in FLT3-mutated AML therapy but not curative. The BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax enhances responses to low intensity AML chemotherapy but its activity is limited by MCL1 upregulation. FLT3 inhibitors downregulate MCL1 and synergize with venetoclax in preclinical AML models.
Thu Sep 12, 2019 16:24
Purpose: Although tumor mutation burden (TMB) has been well known to predict the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), lacking of randomized clinical trial data has restricted its clinical application. This study aimed at exploring the significance and feasibility of biomarker combination based on TMB and copy number alteration (CNA) for the prognosis of each tumor and prediction for ICI therapy in metastatic pan-cancer milieu. Experimental Design: Non-ICI treated MSK pan-cancer cohort...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 16:24
Purpose:Small molecule inhibitors have revolutionized treatment of certain genomically-defined solid cancers. Despite breakthroughs in treating systemic disease, central nervous system (CNS) metastatic progression is common, and advancements in treating CNS malignancies remain sparse. By improving drug penetration across a variably permeable blood-brain barrier and diffusion across intratumoral compartments, more uniform delivery and distribution can be achieved to enhance efficacy. Experimental...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 16:24
Purpose: Previously identified transcriptomic signatures have been based on primary and metastatic melanomas with relatively few AJCC stage I tumors given difficulties in sampling small tumors. The advent of adjuvant therapies has highlighted the need for better prognostic and predictive biomarkers especially for AJCC stage I and II disease. Experimental Design: 687 primary melanoma transcriptomes were generated from the Leeds Melanoma Cohort (LMC). The prognostic value of existing signatures across...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 16:24
Purpose: The microenvironment of metastatic breast cancer is incompletely characterized, despite prior evidence that it plays a key role in the biology of metastasis. A major component of the tumor stroma is the carcinoma-associated fibroblast (CAF), which has been shown to communicate with other stromal and cancer cells to create a pro-tumorigenic milieu. Our study was designed to characterize human CAFs from different metastatic sites. Experimental Design: We collected 8 carcinoma-associated fibroblasts...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 16:24
Purpose: The heterogeneity of androgen receptor (AR) activity is well characterized in heavily treated metastatic castration-resistance prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, the diversity and clinical implications of AR-activity in treatment naïve primary prostate cancer is largely unknown. We sought to characterize AR-activity in localized prostate cancer and understand its molecular and clinical implications. Experimental Design: Genome-wide expression profiles from prostatectomy or biopsy samples...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 16:24
Purpose: Combined mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway inhibition using dual BRAF and MEK inhibitors has prolonged the duration of clinical response in patients with BRAFV600E driven tumors compared to either agent alone. However, resistance frequently arises. Experimental Design: We generated cell lines resistant to dual BRAF/MEK inhibition and utilized a pharmacological synthetic lethal approach to identify a novel, adaptive resistance mechanism mediated through the fibroblast growth...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 16:24
Purpose: High levels of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) before neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) are associated with higher pathological complete response (pCR) rates, and better survival in TNBC and HER2-positive breast cancers (BCs). We investigated the value of TIL levels by evaluating lymphocyte infiltration before and after NAC. Patients and methods: We assessed stromal TIL levels in 716 pre- and post-treatment matched paired specimens, according to the guidelines of the international TIL...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 16:24
Objectives: Autophagy plays a dual role in tumorigenesis. In the initial stages, it promotes cell survival and suppresses carcinogenesis, whereas in cancer development, it induces cancer cell survival. In this study, we investigate the role of autophagy as a protective or tumor suppressor mechanism in colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines and evaluate its role as a potential biomarker in human tumor samples. Materials and Methods: The data of 68 patients with CRC treated at our Department from...
Wed Sep 11, 2019 03:00
Objectives: Thick melanomas, defined as ≥4 mm in thickness, represent ~5% of new melanoma diagnoses and have been associated with poor overall survival (OS). Ultrathick melanomas, those lesions ≥8 mm in thickness, have been associated with worse survival. We sought to compare prognostic factors for thick and ultrathick melanoma. Methods: Retrospective analysis of a prospective database of all patients receiving an operation for melanoma, June 2005 to December 2016 was performed. Multivariate...
Wed Sep 11, 2019 03:00
Thu Sep 12, 2019 17:15
SUMMARY: Vessel wall MR imaging is a useful tool for the evaluation of intracranial atherosclerotic disease. Enhancement can be particularly instructive. This study investigated the impact of the duration between contrast administration and image acquisition. The cohort with the longest duration had the greatest increase in signal intensity change. When using vessel wall MR imaging to assess intracranial atherosclerotic disease, protocols should be designed to maximize the duration between contrast...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 18:52
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:The standard for evaluating interval radiologic activity in MS, side-by-side MR imaging comparison, is restricted by its time-consuming nature and limited sensitivity. VisTarsier, a semiautomated software for comparing volumetric FLAIR sequences, has shown better disease-activity detection than conventional comparison in retrospective studies. Our objective was to determine whether implementing this software in day-to-day practice would show similar efficacy.MATERIALS AND METHODS:VisTarsier...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 18:52
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:White matter hyperintensities on T2-weighted MR imaging are typical in older adults and have been linked to several poor health outcomes, including cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease. The presence and severity of white matter hyperintensities have traditionally been attributed to occlusive arteriopathy, but recent evidence also implicates deep medullary venule collagenosis and associated vasogenic edema. Historically, postmortem analyses have been the sole way to analyze...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 18:52
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:The location of intracerebral hemorrhage in Moyamoya disease is a prognostic factor for rebleeding and the degree of preventive effects obtainable with bypass surgery. We evaluated whether the bleeding point and responsible vessel were detectable using fusion images of SWI and time-of-flight MRA performed during chronic-phase hemorrhage.MATERIALS AND METHODS:We retrospectively enrolled 42 patients with hemorrhagic Moyamoya disease (48 hemorrhagic events). Fusion images of SWI...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 18:52
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Paracoccidioidomycosis is a fungal infection mainly caused by the thermodimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides. The purpose of our study was to demonstrate the neuroimaging findings from 24 patients with CNS paracoccidioidomycosis.MATERIALS AND METHODS:We performed a retrospective analysis focusing on the radiologic characteristics of CNS paracoccidioidomycosis. The 24 selected patients underwent MR imaging and/or CT, and the diagnosis was made by the presence of typical neuroimaging...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 18:52
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