Until 1989, when recombinant erythropoietin therapy was first approved, anemia of chronic kidney disease could be treated only symptomatically with blood transfusions. Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents were able to increase patients’ hemoglobin levels to between 9 and 11 g per deciliter, resulting…
Thu Sep 12, 2019 03:00
Chronic kidney disease is a global public health challenge that affects approximately 10% of the population worldwide, including 120 million people in China. Anemia (defined as a hemoglobin level of In China, this situation is reflected by low hemoglobin levels in patients who initiate dialysis,…
Thu Sep 12, 2019 03:00
To the Editor: Pennsylvania legalized medical marijuana in 2016, and since then its use has skyrocketed. The doses of the active ingredients of marijuana — tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) — are not standardized, product concentrations are not regulated, and prescribing practices…
Thu Sep 12, 2019 03:00
This year marks the 30th anniversary of the Surveillance of Work-related and Occupational Respiratory Disease (SWORD) programme, the voluntary scheme for surveillance originally established at the National Heart and Lung Institute in London in January 1989. The SWORD surveillance programme has enjoyed ongoing support from the British Thoracic Society, the Society of Occupational Medicine and the UK governmental Health and Safety Executive (HSE). Currently, SWORD is hosted by the University of Manchester....
Thu Sep 12, 2019 19:00
ObjectivesHead and neck cancers (HNCs) may be among the health consequences of involvement in the World Trade Center (WTC) response on and after 11 September 2001. We conducted a nested case–control study of WTC Health Program (WTCHP) general responders to examine the effects of WTC exposures and behavioural risk factors on HNC.MethodsWe enrolled 64 cases and 136 controls, matched on age, sex and race/ethnicity within risk sets. We assessed tobacco and alcohol use, sexual activity, and occupational...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 19:00
Lu and Tang claim that the spin-coated films in our study are not epitaxial. They assume that all of the background intensity in the x-ray pole figures of the spin-coated materials is due to randomly oriented grains. There is no evidence for randomly oriented grains in the 2 x-ray patterns. The background intensity in the pole figures is also comparable to the background from the single-crystal substrates, which is inconsistent with their assumption.
Thu Sep 12, 2019 20:40
Evolutionary, cognitive, and neural underpinnings of mammalian play are not yet fully elucidated. We played hide-and-seek, an elaborate role-play game, with rats. We did not offer food rewards but engaged in playful interactions after finding or being found. Rats quickly learned the game and learned to alternate between hiding versus seeking roles. They guided seeking by vision and memories of past hiding locations and emitted game event–specific vocalizations. When hiding, rats vocalized infrequently...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 20:40
N6-methyladenosine RNA modification-mediated cellular metabolism rewiring inhibits viral replication
Host cell metabolism can be modulated by viral infection, affecting viral survival or clearance. Yet the cellular metabolism rewiring mediated by the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification in interactions between virus and host remains largely unknown. Here we report that in response to viral infection, host cells impair the enzymatic activity of the RNA m6A demethylase ALKBH5. This behavior increases the m6A methylation on α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH) messenger RNA (mRNA) to reduce its mRNA...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 20:40
Photonic topological insulators provide a route for disorder-immune light transport, which holds promise for practical applications. Flexible reconfiguration of topological light pathways can enable high-density photonics routing, thus sustaining the growing demand for data capacity. By strategically interfacing non-Hermitian and topological physics, we demonstrate arbitrary, robust light steering in reconfigurable non-Hermitian junctions, in which chiral topological states can propagate at an interface...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 20:40
Tropical montane rivers (TMR) are born in tropical mountains, descend through montane forests, and feed major rivers, floodplains, and oceans. They are characterized by rapid temperature clines and varied flow disturbance regimes, both of which promote habitat heterogeneity, high biological diversity and endemism, and distinct organisms’ life-history adaptations. Production, transport, and processing of sediments, nutrients, and carbon are key ecosystem processes connecting high-elevation streams...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 20:40
Ultracold molecules have important applications that range from quantum simulation and computation to precision measurements probing physics beyond the Standard Model. Optical tweezer arrays of laser-cooled molecules, which allow control of individual particles, offer a platform for realizing this full potential. In this work, we report on creating an optical tweezer array of laser-cooled calcium monofluoride molecules. This platform has also allowed us to observe ground-state collisions of laser-cooled...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 20:40
Upward shifts of mountain vegetation lag behind rates of climate warming, partly related to interconnected changes belowground. Here, we unravel above- and belowground linkages by drawing insights from short-term experimental manipulations and elevation gradient studies. Soils will likely gain carbon in early successional ecosystems, while losing carbon as forest expands upward, and the slow, high-elevation soil development will constrain warming-induced vegetation shifts. Current approaches fail...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 20:40
Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) are large ribonucleoprotein complexes that synthesize proteins encoded by the mitochondrial genome. An extensive cellular machinery responsible for ribosome assembly has been described only for eukaryotic cytosolic ribosomes. Here we report that the assembly of the small mitoribosomal subunit in Trypanosoma brucei involves a large number of factors and proceeds through the formation of assembly intermediates, which we analyzed by using cryo–electron microscopy....
Thu Sep 12, 2019 20:40
Mountain regions are unusually biodiverse, with rich aggregations of small-ranged species that form centers of endemism. Mountains play an array of roles for Earth’s biodiversity and affect neighboring lowlands through biotic interchange, changes in regional climate, and nutrient runoff. The high biodiversity of certain mountains reflects the interplay of multiple evolutionary mechanisms: enhanced speciation rates with distinct opportunities for coexistence and persistence of lineages, shaped by...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 20:40
The local expansion rate of the Universe is parametrized by the Hubble constant, , the ratio between recession velocity and distance. Different techniques lead to inconsistent estimates of . Observations of Type Ia supernovae (SNe) can be used to measure , but this requires an external calibrator to convert relative distances to absolute ones. We use the angular diameter distance to strong gravitational lenses as a suitable calibrator, which is only weakly sensitive to cosmological assumptions. We...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 20:40
Mountains contribute disproportionately to the terrestrial biodiversity of Earth, especially in the tropics, where they host hotspots of extraordinary and puzzling richness. With about 25% of all land area, mountain regions are home to more than 85% of the world’s species of amphibians, birds, and mammals, many entirely restricted to mountains. Biodiversity varies markedly among these regions. Together with the extreme species richness of some tropical mountains, this variation has proven challenging...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 20:40
Thu Sep 12, 2019 20:40
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