Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2020, Advance ArticleDOI: 10.1039/C9PP00488B, PerspectiveClaire Vergneau-Grosset, Franck PéronMany animals under human care are kept indoors to prevent infectious diseases, to facilitate environment control, or due to the lifestyle of their owners. This article will review published information about ultraviolet effects in vertebrate animals.To cite this article before page numbers are assigned, use the DOI form of citation above.The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal...
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The FDA granted regenerative medicine advanced therapy designation to tisagenlecleucel for an investigational new indication to treat patients with relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma. (Source: CancerNetwork)
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During the COVID-19 pandemic, oncology teams have had to begin adopting new ways of practicing while simultaneously optimizing treatment and care, potentially leading to permanent changes in oncology services. (Source: CancerNetwork)
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The FDA approved ibrutinib in combination with rituximab for the initial treatment of adult patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma. (Source: CancerNetwork)
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Tinnitus is the perception of sound in the absence of an external source. Genetic studies on families, twins, and adoptees cohorts have been conducted supporting tinnitus heritability, with higher heritability in men with bilateral tinnitus at any age, and young women with bilateral tinnitus, but not in unilateral tinnitus. The condition is associated with several comorbidities such as hearing loss, Meniere disease, sleep disorders, depression, and migraine and may lead toward suicidal attempts in...
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Device-based clinical treatments for tinnitus are predominantly sound based and include ear-level sound generators, hearing aids, cochlear implants, and tinnitus treatment devices. They are intended for patients with bothersome tinnitus. Bothersome tinnitus is characterized by problems with sleep, concentration, and mood. Most people with bothersome tinnitus have hearing loss and would benefit from amplification; however, not all patients are willing to use hearing aids. Tinnitus treatment devices...
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This article focuses on the role of skeletal surgery within the modified Stanford protocol with particular attention focused on the evolved role of MMA. First, surgery in patients presenting with congenital dentofacial deformity or characteristic drug-induced sleep endoscopy findings, then the growing role of maxillary expansion in a newly identified patient phenotype, and finally genioglossus advancement, are discussed. Less commonly used and validated techniques, such as isolated mandibular advancement...
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The search for an effective medication that will eliminate tinnitus has a long history. Currently, no drugs exist that universally cure tinnitus. Pharmacologic interventions that have been investigated can be divided into those that attempt to eliminate the perception of tinnitus, and those that are designed to treat the negative comorbidities associated with tinnitus, thereby mitigating tinnitus’ negative impact on quality of life. A third category of drugs can also be considered that addresses...
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Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a multisystem breathing disorder associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Clinical and operative assessment tools improve surgical approaches to treat airway obstruction. The primary sites of anatomic obstruction are at the levels of the nasal, palatal, and hypopharyngeal airway. The literature suggests a relationship between reduced neuromuscular tone and the age-related increase in OSA prevalence for normal-weight adults. Pharyngeal soft tissue collapse...
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Tinnitus distress results from a weave of physical and psychological processes. Reducing the power of the psychological processes will therefore reduce the degree of suffering. The main psychological therapy in this context is cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). This seeks to understand and change the influence of thinking processes, including information processing biases, and the behaviors that these motivate, on the experience of tinnitus. The results of systematic reviews and meta-analyses indicate...
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Tinnitus is commonly experienced by military Service Members and Veterans, especially by the newest generation who served in Iraq and Afghanistan. When patients seek health care for tinnitus, it is important to determine its type, check for comorbid conditions that might be triggering or exacerbating the condition, and to address its functional and psychosocial effects. Otolaryngologists are usually the first health care professional to evaluate a patient with tinnitus, and it is essential to provide...
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The results showed a trend of increased post-gap amplitudes and reduced gap salience; however, the small number of articles yield and limited consensus prohibit any conclusions for clinical use. Nevertheless, gap-induced EPs may be further explored as a potential tool for tinnitus detection.
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Obstructive sleep apnea is a common, but under-recognized, condition. Polysomnography remains the gold standard for diagnosing obstructive sleep apnea and determining whether treatment is appropriate. The development of home sleep apnea testing has allowed for a faster and more convenient method of diagnosis. Continuous positive airway pressure is the therapy of choice for most patients with obstructive sleep apnea, but otorhinolaryngologists can expect to see more and more patients looking for alternative...
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Tinnitus is the perception of a self-generated sound and an individual’s psychological reaction to it. This article discusses one element of the reaction: depression. Epidemiologic studies have noted high comorbidity of tinnitus and depression. Findings from recent brain imaging studies have noted shared neural networks in depression and severe tinnitus. As further evidence of this overlaps, antidepressants, counseling, and psychology-based approaches have been used to treat tinnitus. Multifaceted...
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Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome is a destructive and insidious entity mostly underdiagnosed and undertreated. It affects not only individuals but the society as a whole. The costs to the populations can be measured not only in morbidity and mortality but also in the financial wellbeing of a society. Financial burden of this disease is staggering. The social fabric of society is also greatly impacted. Physiologic effects of OSA are far reaching. It has been shown that early intervention with...
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Hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HNS) therapy represents a novel approach and a paradigm shift in the evolution of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) treatment as a hybrid surgically implanted, medically titratable device. Unlike traditional sleep apnea surgical procedures, HNS augments the neuromuscular activity of the pharynx, preserves upper airway structure and function, and has the potential to provide multilevel upper airway improvement with one procedure. The early success of HNS sets the stage for...
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A strong association exists between excess weight and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and most patients with OSA have elevated body mass index. Weight loss is an essential part of treatment for patients with OSA and overweight or obesity. Lifestyle interventions are cornerstones of weight management. However, most patients have difficulty achieving and maintaining clinically significant weight loss with lifestyle interventions alone. Health care providers who treat patients with OSA should be familiar...
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Retroglossal collapse is commonly seen in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. The role of upper airway stimulation surgery for these patients continues to evolve. However, base of tongue reduction surgery continues to have usefulness for appropriately selected patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Specific tongue base approaches may vary in response to patient and surgeon preferences and be used in multilevel surgery where appropriate. Key factors include patient age, willingness to undergo device...
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Despite recent, major steps forward in our understanding of tinnitus pathophysiology and improved research methodology, tinnitus remains a clear unmet clinical need. Here, the authors identify current active clinical and preclinical development programs of tinnitus drug candidates using publications, databases, and company communications. The current drug development programs hold promise for new therapeutic options for tinnitus patients, but further fundamental research is needed to validate additional...
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Successful palatopharyngoplasty is critical for successful sleep apnea surgery. Traditional uvulopalatopharyngoplasty was primarily excisional, whereas newer techniques, such as expansion sphincterpharyngoplasty, are more reconstructive. Studies of flow dynamics even demonstrate that the effectiveness of maxillofacial surgery is significantly mediated through stiffening and enlargement of the lateral retropalatal and pharyngeal airway. The current modified technique of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty/expansion...
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Cervical cancer is a major public health problem. In 2018, globally 569,847 cervical cancer were diagnosed and 311,000 deaths were projected due to this preventable disease. Worldwide, therefore, the cervical ...
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Abstract Mutations of p53 gene is one of the most common events in human cancers including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, its role in carcinogenesis and association with regard to prognosis is still under investigation and unclear. The aim was to study the expression of p53 in patients of OSCC and correlation with clinical presentation and prognosis. In this retrospective observational pilot study, we examined expression of p53 in 50 histologically diagnosed cases...
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A cheap, lightweight smartphone-powered device can test for DNA in blood, urine and other samples in a fraction of the time it takes to test in a lab
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Satellites have revealed the fracking heartland of the US is leaking methane, a powerful greenhouse gas, at a record-breaking rate.
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Rocks from a 3.2-billion-year-old formation in Australia have changes in the direction of their magnetism over time that suggest plate tectonics started earlier than we thought
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Climate models show that as the world warms, tropical cyclones will travel more slowly, dumping more rain in one place and increasing the time high-speed winds batter buildings
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The UK’s exit from the EU has had a mixed effect on scientists’ assessment of their international mobility and future job market prospects, according to the 2020 STEM Survey
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The latest coronavirus news updated every day including coronavirus cases, the latest news, features and interviews from New Scientist and essential information about the covid-19 pandemic
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An AI-powered application lets you create real-time deepfakes during video calls, making you appear to be speaking as anyone from Albert Einstein to the Mona Lisa
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The eruption of Hawaii’s Kilauea volcano in 2018 was caused by heavy rains – suggesting that extreme weather from climate change could lead to more eruptions
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Whether you are at home alone or juggling work and family, those working in mental health share their advice on how to cope with the covid-19 pandemic
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Getting less sleep for five nights in a row can make you view other people’s expressions more negatively, including facial reactions seen over video calls
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Jane Goodall has tirelessly fought for a better world for humans and wildlife, and with covid-19 we must stay positive, she says
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From social isolation to working on the front line, the mental health challenges of the pandemic are wide reaching. We ask experts how to protect ourselves
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We know that there is at least one planet orbiting Proxima Centauri, the nearest star to our solar system, and now astronomers may have taken the first picture of a second world
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Faraway galaxies have been spotted unexpectedly flashing up to 100 times their usual brightness, and it seems to be caused by eddies in Earth’s atmosphere
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Mars could have had an ancient ocean in its northern hemisphere, and a large raft of volcanic rock may have floated across it to settle into mounds we can see today
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People born prematurely may have weaker hearts that recover less well after exercise, potentially explaining their increased risk of heart disease
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The US Navy is researching how to use lasers to form plasma into 2D or 3D infrared images of aeroplanes that can distract heat-seeking missiles
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Artificial intelligence can tell whether a human or a bot is posting on Twitter based on how regularly they post and how much they reply to others, which could help identify fake accounts
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