Background: Physical plasma is a mixture of reactive particles and electromagnetic radiation. Due to the antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, wound-healing promoting, and antineoplastic effects of body tempered physical plasma under atmospheric pressure (cold atmospheric plasma: CAP), CAP therapy is increasingly becoming the focus of surgical and oncological disciplines. However, when applied in practice, a potential emission of harmful noxae such as toxic nitrogen oxides must be taken...
Mon May 04, 2020 17:26
Background/Aim: Understanding of the molecular events associated with progression and survival differences in patients with lower-grade gliomas (LGGs) is still unclear. The comparison of findings across studies using different datasets and methods is essential for a new molecular-based classification system. The aim of the study was to identify biomarkers for prognostic classification of patients with LGGs, and furthermore to lay a foundation for future development of targeted therapies for LGGs....
Mon May 04, 2020 17:26
Background/Aim: Alpha/beta-hydrolase domain containing 12 (ABHD12) is a serine hydrolase that regulates immunological and neurological mechanisms. This study aimed to elucidate the oncogenic effect of ABHD12 on human breast cancer. Materials and Methods: ABHD12 expression was confirmed in breast cancer tissues and breast cancer cell lines by immunohistochemistry and quantitative RT-PCR. To determine the role of ABHD12, ABHD12 siRNA-suppressed breast cancer cells (MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells) were investigated...
Mon May 04, 2020 17:26
Human fascioliasis is a rare parasitic disease outside of countries in which it is endemic. The diagnosis of hepatic-phase fascioliasis by diagnostic imaging alone is challenging. A 69-year-old female was referred to our hospital for the treatment of a solitary solid cystic mass lesion, 6 cm in diameter, accompanied with mild symptoms and minimal changes in laboratory parameters. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma was suspected, and she underwent extended posterior sectionectomy. Four months later,...
Mon May 04, 2020 17:26
Background/Aim: The occurrence of BRAFV600E mutation causes an up-regulation of the B-raf kinase activity leading to the stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) - the promoter of the 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) enzyme. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of the (2E)-3-(3-Pyridinyl)-1-(4-pyridinyl)-2-propen-1-one (3PO), as an inhibitor of PFKFB3, on human melanoma cells (A375) with endogenous BRAFV600E mutation. Materials and Methods:...
Mon May 04, 2020 17:26
Background/Aim: Methionine addiction is a general and fundamental hallmark of cancer. Methionine addiction can be targeted by methionine restriction (MR). Our laboratory has studied methionine addiction in cancer and MR for almost 50 years. The present study describes oral recombinant methioninase (o-rMETase), as a supplement, to induce MR in cancer patients. Patients and Methods: One patient, a 67-year-old female with high-stage ovarian cancer took o-rMETase twice a day at 250 units per dose for...
Mon May 04, 2020 17:26
Background/Aim: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is an aggressive head and neck malignancy. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of periostin (POSTN) in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process mediating the acquisition of radioresistance in HNSCC. Materials and Methods: The expression levels of EMT hallmark genes including POSTN and Erk/Akt signaling pathways were compared between radiosensitive and radioresistant HNSCC cells. Results: POSTN mRNA expression...
Mon May 04, 2020 17:26
Background/Aim: We performed a phase II study of triple-drug combination chemoradiotherapy (DCF-R therapy), in which docetaxel was added to the standard chemoradiotherapy (cisplatin [CDDP]/5-fluorouracil [5-FU]) for unresectable advanced esophageal cancer. Patients and Methods: Sixty-one patients with unresectable advanced esophageal cancer underwent the following DCF-R therapy: intravenous infusion of l60 mg/m2 docetaxel and 60 mg/m2 of CDDP (day 1), and 600 mg/m2 of 5-FU (days 1-5); 2 courses administered...
Mon May 04, 2020 17:26
Background/Aim: There is rapid progression and widespread use of patient-derived tumor xenografts (PDX) in translational pancreatic cancer research. This study aimed to establish a liver transplant PDX model using cryopreserved primary pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Patients and Methods: Primary PDAC from 10 patients were cryopreserved and transplanted into immunodeficient mice using the liver pocket method. H&E staining and immunohistochemical staining, such as Ki-67, p53, Smad4, and...
Mon May 04, 2020 17:26
Background/Aim: Although omitting whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) during the treatment of few brain metastases more popular, many patients receive local therapies plus WBRT. WBRT may be less reasonable for patients with poor overall survival (OS), particularly if they are older. This study aimed to identify predictors of OS in these patients. Patients and Methods: One-hundred-and-two older patients receiving a local therapy (surgery, radiosurgery, simultaneous integrated boost) and WBRT for 1-3 brain...
Mon May 04, 2020 17:26
Background/Aim: Two-thirds of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients present with locally advanced (LA) stages and have a poor survival rate. The aim of this study was to investigate the roles of the long non-coding RNAs MALAT1 on radiation and cisplatin sensitivity of HNSCC cells. Materials and Methods: Clonogenic, cell viability, and apoptosis assays were performed in cells following MALAT1 knockdown using CRISPR/Cas9 system. Results: MALAT1 was overexpressed in HNSCC cell lines...
Mon May 04, 2020 17:26
Background/Aim: Definitive radiotherapy for bone and soft tissues sarcomas benefits patients deemed unfit for surgery; poor outcomes have been reported with conventional photons, while interesting preliminary results have been described with particle in single-Institution experiences. The aim of the study was to retrospectively evaluate preliminary results of carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) in patients with axial bone and soft tissue sarcomas (BSTS) treated with curative intent at the National Center...
Mon May 04, 2020 17:26
Background/Aim: Nitric oxide (NO) functions have been studied in many cancer types, but rarely in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This study aimed to investigate the behavior of HNSCC cells following exposure to high NO (HNO). Materials and Methods: Two pairs of isogenic HNSCC cell lines (HN18/HN17, HN30/HN31) were used, and were treated with a NO donor for 72 h. Cell viability, cell cycle, apoptosis, invasion, and MMP activity were determined using MTT, flow cytometry, Matrigel invasion,...
Mon May 04, 2020 17:26
Background: Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is associated with significant postoperative ileus (POI). This study examined intraoperative gastrointestinal wall thickness (GWT) and its association with patient outcomes. Patients and Methods: A prospective study of patients undergoing CRS and HIPEC. Proximal and distal small intestine GWT, before and after HIPEC were recorded. Results: Thirty-four patients (mean age=56.1 years, 61.8% female) were recruited....
Mon May 04, 2020 17:26
Background/Aim: The therapeutic strategy for patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring the BRAF non-V600E mutation has not been established. LY3009120, a newly discovered pan-RAF inhibitor, has shown strong antitumor effects in cancers with various BRAF genotypes. This study investigated the antitumor effects of LY3009120 in NSCLC cells harboring the BRAF non-V600E mutation. Materials and Methods: We examined the antitumor effects of LY3009120 by MTS assay and flow cytometry. We...
Mon May 04, 2020 17:26
Background/Aim: This study evaluated the prognostic significance of preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and whether preoperative NLR was associated with CD8+ TILs in biliary tract cancers (BTCs). Patients and Methods: A total of 154 patients with BTCs who underwent surgery were enrolled in this study. We obtained neutrophil and lymphocyte counts, and calculated NLR from preoperative peripheral blood samples. CD8+ TILs were identified by...
Mon May 04, 2020 17:26
Background/Aim: To evaluate the anti-cancer mechanism of N-Farnesyl-norcantharimide (NC15). Materials and Methods: The viability of NC15-treated human leukemic Jurkat T (JKT) cells was assessed using the Kit-8 cell counting method. Flow cytometry analysis, human apoptosis antibody array assay, and whole genome sequencing were adopted to investigate the mechanism underlying the anti-cancer activity of NC15 in JKT cells. Results: The growth inhibition rates of NC15 in JKT cells were about 80% and 95%...
Mon May 04, 2020 17:26
Background/Aim: Competing mortality risks complicate treatment of elderly melanoma patients potentially leading to conservative management, including no sentinel lymph node biopsy. As systemic immunotherapy offers justification for nodal evaluation, we examined treatment trends among elderly melanoma patients. Patients and Methods: We performed a National Cancer Database analysis of melanoma patients from 2004-2015. Patients were categorized by age (elderly ≥80-years-old). Multivariable logistic...
Mon May 04, 2020 17:26
Background/Aim: Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) plays dual suppressive and oncogenic roles in mammary carcinogenesis. Materials and Methods: To analyze whether TGF-β exerts suppressive or oncogenic actions on mammary carcinogenesis, transgenic mice overexpressing a dominant-negative mutant type II TGF-β receptor (TβRII-DNR) driven by the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) promoter were treated with a low dose of urethane, a carcinogen present in fermented food products and alcoholic beverages....
Mon May 04, 2020 17:26
Background: Although oncogene-targeted therapy is a first-line treatment for advanced, unresectable lung adenocarcinoma harboring a target gene mutation, its effect on potentially resectable, locally advanced lung adenocarcinoma remains unclear. Patients and Methods: Ten patients with clinically diagnosed stage III lung adenocarcinoma harboring a target gene mutation were enrolled in the current feasibility study of targeted therapy followed by cytotoxic chemotherapy (platinum and pemetrexed) before...
Mon May 04, 2020 17:26
Background/Aim: Tumour budding (TB), i.e. the presence of groups of ≤5 tumour cells ahead of the invasive tumour front, is a pathological feature associated with an aggressive outcome in several cancer types. The aim of this study was to assess the value of TB as an independent prognostic factor of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCC). Materials and Methods: We studied 25 cases of aggressive cSCC (defined as tumours that developed local recurrences and/or metastases after adequate excision)...
Mon May 04, 2020 17:26
Background/Aim: Contrast enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) is a novel method of breast cancer diagnosis. Benign lesions are enhanced after contrast injection on both CESM and breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Kinetic curves on breast MRI facilitate differentiation between benign and malignant lesions, while on CESM there is no such possibility and we need to asses lesions based only on their level of enhancement and its patterns. The aim of this study was to compare two subjective assessments...
Mon May 04, 2020 17:26
Background/Aim: Oral mucositis, which occurs frequently in the treatment of cancer, is a major problem. In this study, we aimed to develop a rat model of oral mucositis induced by cancer chemotherapy for quantitative measurement. Materials and Methods: A model animal of oral mucositis was prepared by injecting an acetic acid aqueous solution into the buccal mucosa of rats to which a 5-FU solution had been previously administered. The doses of 5-FU and acetic acid were examined, and a treatment experiment...
Mon May 04, 2020 17:26
Background/Aim: The spliceosome pathway, including Splicing Factor 3b Subunit 4 (SF3B4), plays an important role in carcinogenesis and progression in various cancers; however, the clinical relevance of SF3B4 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unknown. Patients and Methods: SF3B4 expression was evaluated by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in 80 ESCC patients. In order to explore the mechanism of SF3B4 in ESCC, the mRNA expression and copy number of SF3B4...
Mon May 04, 2020 17:26
Background/Aim: Using a syngeneic tongue cancer mouse model, the effect of CD40 agonist and PD-1 antagonist combination therapy for local recurrence after surgery was evaluated in a partially depleted CD4 model. Materials and Methods: C3H/HeN mice were injected with 0.05 mg of the anti-mouse CD4 clone GK1.5, causing partial depletion of CD4 cells. Tongue cancer was induced by injecting the squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) VII cell line, the tumor was resected by partial glossectomy, and CD40 agonist...
Mon May 04, 2020 17:26
Background/Aim: Currently, there is no recommendation for the treatment of breast cancer (BC) with bone-marrow cell infiltration (BMI). We evaluated the efficacy and safety of weekly-paclitaxel in this population. Patients and Methods: This retrospective study included all BC patients with BMI receiving weekly-paclitaxel between January 2014 and May 2018. Overall-survival (OS) was the primary endpoint. Secondary endpoints were progression-free-survival (PFS) and safety. Results: BMI was diagnosed...
Mon May 04, 2020 17:26
Background/Aim: Interactions between stromal and tumor cells in tumor microenvironment contribute to tumor progression. In bladder cancer (BCa), infiltration of macrophages in tumors correlates with cancer progression. Herein, the aim was to study the paracrine effects of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) on BCa cells. Materials and Methods: The correlation between TAMs and tumor grade and stages was examined in tumor tissue microarrays. In addition, a conditioned media (CM) model was employed to...
Mon May 04, 2020 17:26
Background: Although oncological results for resection of colon cancer with inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) ligation at its origin (high tie) or immediately below the left colic artery (low tie) are similar, injury of the superior hypogastric plexus may be caused when the IMA is tied at its origin, thus impairing defecatory functions. Aim: The importance of IMA tie location on defecatory dysfunction in patients undergoing laparoscopic sigmoidal resection without preoperative radiation therapy was...
Mon May 04, 2020 17:26
Background/Aim: Glioblastoma (GB) is the most aggressive type of tumor in the central nervous system and is characterized by resistance to therapy and abundant vasculature. Tumor vessels contribute to the growth of GB, and the tumor microenvironment is thought to influence tumor vessels. We evaluated the molecular communication between human GB cells and human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) in vitro. Materials and Methods: We investigated whether GB-conditioned media (GB-CM) influenced...
Mon May 04, 2020 17:26
Background/Aim: Continuation maintenance therapy is standard for advanced nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer; however, the optimal maintenance strategy has yet to be determined. Patients and Methods: Patients without disease progression after four cycles of carboplatin (CBDCA)+ pemetrexed (PEM)+ bevacizumab (BEV) were randomized to maintenance therapy with BEV, PEM, or BEV+PEM. The primary endpoint was 1-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate. Results: Of the 90 patients enrolled, 64 were...
Mon May 04, 2020 17:26
Background/Aim: Ciprofloxacin has been used as an antibiotic in the clinic for decades. Recently, ciprofloxacin and its derivatives have shown promising anti-proliferative and cytotoxic activities against several malignant cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a new derivative of ciprofloxacin on colorectal cancer (HCT116) and non-small lung carcinoma (A549) cells. Materials and Methods: Cell viability was detected by the MTT assay. Flow cytometry was used to examine the cell...
Mon May 04, 2020 17:26
Background/Aim: Expanded indications for patients with preoperatively suspected prostate cancer (PC) undergoing theranostic robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (T-RARP) are reported. We aimed to build a nomogram of T-RARP to predict final pathologically proven PC. This study reviewed data of 153 patients that underwent T-RARP for suspected PC performed by the same surgeon. Patients and Methods: Patients' preoperative demographic and clinical characteristics included age, prostate-specific...
Mon May 04, 2020 17:26
Utility of the Free Vascularized Fibula Flap to Reconstruct Oncologic Defects in the Upper Extremity
Background/Aim: Non-vascularized methods to reconstruct bone defects following tumor resection are associated with complications. As a result, the free vascularized fibular flap (FVF) has become a mainstay for reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to analyze FVF reconstruction in the upper extremity. Patients and Methods: We reviewed 28 (14 female and 14 male, mean age of 29±20 years) patients reconstructed with an FVF in the upper extremity following tumor resection. Reconstruction most...
Mon May 04, 2020 17:26
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