Clinical Outcomes of Head and Neck Cancer Patients Who Undergo Resection, But Forgo Adjuvant Therapy
Background/Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) who underwent resection and refused the recommended adjuvant therapy. Patients and Methods: Locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRRFS) and time to progression (TTP) were assessed in HNSCC patients treated with surgery who declined some or all adjuvant therapy (refusal group (RG)) compared to those who received the recommended adjuvant therapy (TG). Results: With a median follow-up...
Sat Sep 14, 2019 03:11
Primary ovarian carcinoids are very rare tumors that belong to the germ cell family of ovarian malignancies. They account for less than 1% of all carcinoid tumors and for less than 0.1% of all ovarian neoplasms. Recurrences are even rarer, with only few cases reported in the literature. Strumal carcinoid has recently been recognized as an extremely rare distinct entity. We report on a patient with bilateral mature cystic teratoma with millimetric foci of ovarian strumal carcinoid who developed lymph...
Sat Sep 14, 2019 03:11
Background/Aim: We investigated the effect of aspirin on colorectal cancer (CRC) risk among subgroups of women with and without risk factors for CRC. Patients and Methods: Using data from the Women's Health Initiative, we estimated hazard ratios for CRC in association with aspirin use, with stratifications by cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk status, family history of CRC, and history of colorectal polypectomy. Results: Aspirin was associated with a lower risk of CRC among women with low/normal or...
Sat Sep 14, 2019 03:11
Background/Aim: Although complete resection of liver metastases colorectal cancer (CLM) is the only potentially curative treatment, surgery alone is not enough, as the recurrence rate after resection is high. Therefore, in clinical practice, adjuvant chemotherapy is performed after resection of CLM. However, the evidence supporting the efficacy of such adjuvant chemotherapy is not sufficient. Previous reports have noted that adjuvant chemotherapy after resection of CLM is effective only in patients...
Sat Sep 14, 2019 03:11
Background/Aim: Hypoxia promotes tumor proliferation and metastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC). Since the tumor microenvironment is generally characterized by hypoxia, its understanding is important for cancer therapy. We hypothesized that hypoxia promotes the mitochondrial function, mobility, and proliferation of CRC by up-regulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α). Materials and Methods: To assess the effects of PGC-1α under hypoxia, we investigated...
Sat Sep 14, 2019 03:11
Aim: The purpose of this study was to identify patient-, facility-, disease-, and treatment-specific characteristics that increase mortality in patients with upper limb osteosarcoma. Patients and Methods: The National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) was queried for bone cancer. With Cox regression, the demographic, facility, tumor-specific and treatment characteristics were analyzed to identify factors that increased mortality. Results: Cox regression model showed that patients older than 40 years had a...
Sat Sep 14, 2019 03:11
Background/Aim: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Its poor prognosis can be ascribed primarily to high recurrence rates. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to identify novel prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for management of CRC. Materials and Methods: To develop prognostic biomarkers, we performed RNA-seq analysis and real-time RT-PCR in primary cancer tissues with or without systemic recurrence. To characterize the molecular functions of...
Sat Sep 14, 2019 03:11
Background/Aim: Interleukin (IL)-18, which belongs to the IL-1 superfamily of cytokines, is a known interferon-gamma (IFN-)-inducing factor. Since IFN- plays an essential role in anticancer immunity mediated through cytotoxic T cells, IL-18 may also contribute to the function of immunosurveillance. The aim of the study was to examine the association of IL-18 with the outcomes of patients with breast cancer. Patients and Methods: Serum IL-18 levels were determined at baseline in 270 patients operated...
Sat Sep 14, 2019 03:11
Background/Aim: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) constitutes 15-20% of all breast carcinomas, affecting younger women more often and has a worse prognosis than other types of breast cancer, due to the combination of more aggressive clinical behavior and lack of molecular targets for therapy. This study assessed the effects of non-genotoxic concentrations of tributyltin isothiocyanate (TBT-ITC) and triphenyltin isothiocyanate (TPT-ITC) on MDA-MB-231 cells. Materials and Methods: MTT assay, comet...
Sat Sep 14, 2019 03:11
Background/Aim: Adoptive transfer of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) combined with non-myeloablative chemotherapy (NMA) has been shown to prolong survival in patients with metastatic disease. Materials and Methods: Tissue harvesting was performed form a variety of sites. TILs were isolated, expanded and infused with bolus high-dose IL-2. Results: Between 2008 and 2018, 242 lesions were resected for TILs harvesting from a range of sites form 196 patients without mortality and with minimal morbidity....
Sat Sep 14, 2019 03:11
Background/aim: The antiparasitic drug, ivermectin (IVM), exerts anticancer activities in diverse cancer types. However, its anticancer activity against cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), especially the drug-resistant phenotype, has not yet been explored. Materials and Methods: IVM was tested for its anticancer activity against gemcitabine-sensitive (KKU214) and gemcitabine-resistant (KKU214GemR) CCA cell lines in vitro using the sulforhodamine B and clonogenic assays as well as cell-cycle analysis. Results:...
Sat Sep 14, 2019 03:11
Background/Aim: To evaluate whether factors related to the clinical staging of lymph node (LN) metastasis diagnosed by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) correspond to poor survival in esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) patients treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). Patients and Methods: A total of 69 patients with curative intent and no prior treatment for ESCC or simultaneous treatment for synchronous cancers were investigated. A maximum...
Sat Sep 14, 2019 03:11
Background/Aim: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) still remains an incurable disease as the cells evade apoptosis, which is an obstacle for current therapeutic approaches. Therefore, our aim was to identify an ideal target of leukemic cell growth for developing inhibitors. Materials and Methods: Mouse lymphocytic leukemia cell line L1210, human Toledo cells and a DBA/2 mouse graft model were used to analyze the activity of dual mTORC1/2 inhibitor AZD2014s. Western blotting and flow cytometry were...
Sat Sep 14, 2019 03:11
Background/Aim: Colonic crypts with normal epithelium albeit with corrupted shapes (CCS) were previously found beneath nonpolypoid adenomas (NPA). This study aimed to analyze the distribution of proliferating cells (PC) and p53-up-regulated cells in CCS. Materials and Methods: Sections from 48 NPA were immunostained with the proliferating-marker Ki67 and against the tumor-suppressor protein p53. Results: Asymmetric-haphazardly distributed PC were found in 87.5% of the NPA, continuous PC-domains in...
Sat Sep 14, 2019 03:11
Background/Aim: Although epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is frequently activated in lung and pancreatic cancers, the efficacy of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) is limited. Recently, brexpiprazole, an antipsychotic drug, was reported to chemosensitize glioma cells to osimertinib, a third-generation EGFR-TKI, by suppressing survivin, an anti-apoptotic protein, but their combinational effects on lung and pancreatic cancers remain unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the...
Sat Sep 14, 2019 03:11
Aim: The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the impact of anastomotic leakage on survival rate and to define potential factors of risk and protection from bowel anastomotic leakage in patients with bowel segment resection treated for epithelial ovarian cancer in an accredited high-volume center. Patients and Methods: Data of 136 patients treated with bowel resection between 2010 and 2017 were collected. All operations were performed by three accredited gynecological oncologists and...
Sat Sep 14, 2019 03:11
Background/Aim: -Glutamylcyclotransferase (GGCT) is highly expressed in many forms of cancer, and is a promising therapeutic target. The present study investigated whether inhibition of GGCT enhanced the antiproliferative effects of the drug docetaxel in prostate cancer cells. Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis were conducted to measure GGCT expression in prostate cancer tissue samples and cell lines. GGCT was inhibited using RNAi and a novel enzymatic inhibitor,...
Sat Sep 14, 2019 03:11
Background/Aim: The pesticide dimethoate (O-dimethyl-S- Nmethylcarbamoylmethyl phosphorodithioate) is able to induce severe acute toxicity in living organisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of ultraviolet radiation, alone or combined with exposure to dimethoate, on the rat skin. Materials and Methods: A total of 38 Wistar female rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus), were distributed into four groups: A (n=9) control group, B (n=10) exposed to ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B), C (n=10)...
Sat Sep 14, 2019 03:11
Background/Aim: Ro 90-7501 has been reported as an inhibitor of the amyloid β42 fibril assembly that is associated with Alzheimer's disease. The present study aimed to elucidate the radiosensitizing effects of Ro 90-7501 and focused on ATM signaling after irradiation. Materials and Methods: Clonogenic survival, apoptosis, and cell-cycle assays as well as western blotting were performed in HeLa cells treated with irradiation and Ro 90-7501. Tumor growth delay assay was also performed using BALB/c-nu...
Sat Sep 14, 2019 03:11
Background: Factors associated with response to lenvatinib have not been clarified in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Patients and Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed 50 patients treated with lenvatinib as first-line therapy between March 2018 and March 2019. Patients were divided into two groups by the Modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (mRECIST) (responders and non-responders, whose best overall responses were complete (CR)/partial response (PR) and stable...
Sat Sep 14, 2019 03:11
Background/Aim: To determine the mechanism of vitamin D3-induced modulation of antioxidant-related factors in endometrial cancer, we investigated their role in apoptosis of human endometrial cancer cells exposed to vitamin D3. Materials and Methods: The survival rate of human endometrial cancer cells was estimated after treatment with activated vitamin D3. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured using flow cytometry. The levels of VDR, Trx, TXNIP and apoptosis-related proteins were investigated...
Sat Sep 14, 2019 03:11
Background/Aim: Although various prognostic indices for follicular lymphoma (FL) have been proposed, they are designed specifically for patients requiring immediate therapy. We aimed to develop a new simple prognostic tool applicable for all patients with FL at diagnosis. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed various clinical, pathological, and laboratory data, including soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL2R), from 140 patients with FL from two centers for their impact on prognosis....
Sat Sep 14, 2019 03:11
Background/Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) receptor antagonist on hepatic carcinogenesis in mice. Materials and Methods: Mice were injected with diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and treated with M-CSF receptor antagonist GW2580 (GW) or a saline vehicle just after (early treated group) or 2 weeks after (late treated group) DEN injection. Animals were sacrificed after 28 weeks and incidence of tumor was assessed. Isolated Kupffer...
Sat Sep 14, 2019 03:11
Background/Aim: Keratinocyte carcinoma (KC) is a marker of increased risk of other cancer types. To assess if this association exhibits a dose-response relationship, a case-control study was carried out. Patients and Methods: This was a clinic-based study of cases with KC plus another type of cancer matched by age, race (all Caucasian), sex and histologic type to controls with KC only (n=48 matched pairs). Results: Compared with the KC only group, those with KC plus another cancer had a mean number...
Sat Sep 14, 2019 03:11
Background/Aim: Osteosarcoma is a rare but recalcitrant type of bone cancer. To discover an effective therapy for osteosarcoma, we used a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse model. A PDOX mouse model has been established for all major cancer types. Strong synergistic efficacy of sorafenib (SFN) and everolimus (EVL) has been demonstrated in several cancers. In the present study, we examined the efficacy of a SFN and EVL combination on a doxorubicin (DOX)-resistant osteosarcoma PDOX....
Sat Sep 14, 2019 03:11
Background/Aim: Multiplex gene panel tests using next-generation sequencing (NGS) are clinically available for gastric cancer (GC). The NGS tests can reveal unexpected pathogenic variants to be associated with hereditary diseases, i.e., secondary genetic findings. We investigated whether GC patients at high risk of having hereditary gastric cancer (HGC) can be identified by their clinicopathological variables before they undergo NGS cancer gene panel tests. Patients and Methods: The cases of 2,286...
Sat Sep 14, 2019 03:11
Background: Osteosarcoma is a recalcitrant disease treated with surgery and intensive chemotherapy as standard. The 5-year survival rate of patients with relapsed and lung metastatic osteosarcoma is as low as 20%. Materials and Methods: A 16-year-old patient developed left distal femoral high-grade osteosarcoma and underwent cisplatinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery. From the resected tumor, a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model was established in the femur of nude mice....
Sat Sep 14, 2019 03:11
Background: Robotic surgical systems have advantages over laparoscopic surgery. The object of this study was to assess patients' postoperative outcomes after robotic distal gastrectomy (RDG) compared to laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (LDG). Patients and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 21 and 119 patients who underwent RDG and LDG, respectively, for stage I gastric cancer. Short-term outcomes were compared including drain amylase levels and quality of life using a post-gastrectomy syndrome...
Sat Sep 14, 2019 03:11
Background/Aim: Rs3824129 is a functional six-nucleotide insertion(I)/deletion(D) polymorphism in the promoter region of caspase 8, an essential apoptosis gene. We aimed to examine the association of this polymorphism with the risk of bladder cancer in the Taiwanese population. Materials and Methods: Caspase-8 rs3834129 genotypes were determined and their associations with bladder cancer risk were evaluated among 375 patients and 375 controls by the PCR-RFLP methodology. In addition, the interaction...
Sat Sep 14, 2019 03:11
Incorporating bortezomib and/or lenalidomide in the management of plasmablastic lymphoma is an attractive option due to the reported high response rates. However, concerns about overlapping toxicities can deter clinicians from incorporating these novel agents into chemotherapy. In this case report we describe a patient with plasmablastic lymphoma, who received both lenalidomide and bortezomib as part of upfront treatment for a high-risk plasmablastic lymphoma. After completing intensive chemotherapy,...
Sat Sep 14, 2019 03:11
Background/Aim: Azacitidine (AZA) is a hypomethylating agent used in myeloid neoplasms, however, approximately half of patients show treatment failure or relapse. This in vitro study investigated the effect of the combination of AZA with the natural compound curcumin (CUR) in increasing its efficacy. Materials and Methods: We analyzed the effects of AZA plus CUR on proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle and differentiation in myeloid leukemic cell lines (U-937, HL-60, K-562, and OCI-AML3) and bone...
Sat Sep 14, 2019 03:11
Background/Aim: We evaluated the incidence of uterine and breast cancer among women diagnosed with granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) of the ovary. Patients and Methods: The US Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was accessed and patients diagnosed with a GCT and had a known follow-up between 1973-2014 were identified. Personal tumor history was extracted and patients with a previous or subsequent malignant breast or uterine tumor were identified. The expected incidence of breast...
Sat Sep 14, 2019 03:11
Background: Cisplatin is a platinum compound capable of inducing apoptosis of cancer cells. However, cancer cells can become cisplatin-resistant. A recent study showed that a pregnane X receptor (PXR) antagonist, leflunomide, can enhance the antitumor activity of cisplatin and overcome such resistance. This study determined whether PXR antagonists ketoconazole and phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) enhance the antitumor activity of platinum compounds and by which mechanism(s) of action. Materials and...
Sat Sep 14, 2019 03:11
Background/Aim: Cancer immune therapy by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is a promising therapeutic strategy for various cancer types. Among ICIs, anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD1) and anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibodies have shown a remarkable clinical benefit. The present study aimed to address the functional and clinical significance of serum levels of soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) in patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 21 patients, 11 with NSCLC, nine with gastric...
Sat Sep 14, 2019 03:11
Background/aim: Overexpression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) allows disordered proliferation and immortality of malignant cells, which has been of interest for the development of targeted therapies. The present study aimed to characterize hTERT gene expression in a series of cancer cell lines. Materials and Methods: Leukemia cell lines K-562, its vincristine-resistant derivative K-562-Lucena1 and daunorubicin-resistant derivative FEPS; gastric adenocarcinoma lines AGP01, ACP02...
Sat Sep 14, 2019 03:11
Aim: To compare the overall survival (OS) of patients with locoregional and metastatic breast cancer (BC) considering baseline demographic, clinical and contextual characteristics. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of a cancer registry was conducted, using the Kaplan–Meier and Mantel–Cox analyses for the calculation of median OS and cumulative survival. Results: The median OS was 112 months, being longer in patients with locoregional versus those with metastatic BC at diagnosis (115...
Sat Sep 14, 2019 03:11
Background/Aim: There are several unresolved issues regarding the combined treatment with an immune checkpoint inhibitor and anti-angiogenic agent for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients. The purpose of this study was to address the inhibitory effects of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression on growth and sensitivity to sunitinib in the mouse RCC RenCa model. Materials and Methods: We established RenCa/sh-PD-L1 by transfecting RenCa cells with a plasmid carrying a short hairpin RNA targeted...
Sat Sep 14, 2019 03:11
Background/Aim: Approximately 20% of pleural effusions are associated with cancer; about 50% require invasive procedures to perform diagnosis. Determination of the concentration of soluble cytokeratin 19-fragments (CYFRA21-1) may help identify patients with malignant effusions. However, pathologies other than cancer can increase its concentration. The identification of these possible false positives with routine tests CRP, ADA, % polymorphonuclear cells (PN) may improve diagnostic accuracy. This...
Sat Sep 14, 2019 03:11
Background/Aim: Amphiregulin (AREG) and epiregulin (EREG) mRNA expression levels are predictors of response to anti-EGFR antibody therapy. Left-sided colon cancer is more sensitive to anti-EGFR antibodies than right-sided, although the mechanism is unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between AREG, EREG mRNA expression levels and tumor location as well as the efficacy of anti-EGFR antibody agents. Materials and Methods: Real-time PCR was used to assess AREG and EREG mRNA...
Sat Sep 14, 2019 03:11
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