Publication date: Available online 3 September 2019Source: Behavioural Brain ResearchAuthor(s): Tina Hörbelt, Elian Mireille Martínez-Gómez, Martin Hadamitzky, Manfred Schedlowski, Laura LückemannAbstractBehaviorally conditioned taste avoidance (CTA) paradigms using the novel taste saccharin as a conditioned stimulus (CS) and the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporine A (CsA) as unconditioned stimulus (US) demonstrate learned suppression of immune functions. However, conditioned immune responses might...
Wed Sep 04, 2019 17:59
Publication date: Available online 3 September 2019Source: Hearing ResearchAuthor(s): Jacquemin Laure, Mertens Griet, Van de Heyning Paul, Vanderveken Olivier, Topsakal Vedat, De Hertogh Willem, Michiels Sarah, Van Rompaey Vincent, Gilles AnnickAbstractBackgroundComplete alleviation of tinnitus perception is rarely achieved by current therapeutic interventions. However, adequate therapy may induce a small or large decrement of the tinnitus. The assessment of the therapeutic effect is challenging...
Wed Sep 04, 2019 18:06
Abstract Sexual and asexual organisms often vary in their distribution and abundances among habitats. These patterns of “geographical parthenogenesis” can shed light on ecological conditions underlying the evolution of sex. Habitat disturbance is hypothesized to be a mechanism that generates geographical parthenogenesis. Parthenogens are predicted to be more prevalent in disturbed habitats than sexuals due to the greater colonizing ability of parthenogens and the tendency of parthenogens...
Wed Sep 04, 2019 03:00
ObjectivesThis study aims to evaluate the risk of persistent postoperative pain after inguinal hernia repair in relation to occupational lifting and standing/walking.MethodsWe conducted a 6-month follow-up study that included all men with an inguinal hernia repair registered in the Danish Hernia Database from 1 January 2015 to 31 October 2016, who were born from 1 October 1949 to 1 October 1998, and who were alive, living in Denmark, and active in the labour market in the week before surgery. Members...
Wed Sep 04, 2019 19:00
Abstract Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly heterogeneous disease, which influences the therapeutic response and makes difficult the discovery of effective targets. This heterogeneity is attributed to the presence of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), which determines resistance to chemotherapy and subsequently disease recurrence and metastasis. In this context, this work aimed to evaluate the morphological and phenotypic cellular heterogeneity of two TNBC cell lines...
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Nature Communications, Published online: 04 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11983-3Na+-H+ exchanger 1 (Nhe1) regulates extracellular pH by extruding protons in exchange for extracellular Na+ . Here, Liu et al. show that Nhe1 promotes the development and acidification of atherosclerotic lesions and that pH-sensitive probes can be used to monitor plaque growth and acidification.
Wed Sep 04, 2019 03:00
Nature Communications, Published online: 04 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11773-xWhile the biological roles of ubiquitin chains are well studied, little is known about the functions of SUMO polymers. Here, the authors identify poly-SUMOylation substrates and provide evidence that SUMO polymers regulate the accumulation of CCAN subunits at chromatin and centromeres.
Wed Sep 04, 2019 03:00
Nature Communications, Published online: 04 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11566-2Light-induced alteration of macromolecular information plays a central role in biology and is known to influence health and aging. Here the authors show that light can trigger sequence variations in abiotic information-containing polymers that possess photo-sensitive monomers
Wed Sep 04, 2019 03:00
Nature Communications, Published online: 04 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-12158-wAuthor Correction: Association study in African-admixed populations across the Americas recapitulates asthma risk loci in non-African populations
Wed Sep 04, 2019 03:00
Nature Communications, Published online: 04 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11662-3CD36 is a membrane glycoprotein that has been shown to have tumour promoting or suppressor function depending on tumour type. Here, the authors address CD36 function in colorectal cancer and show it acts as a tumour suppressor by inhibiting B-catenin/myc signalling, resulting in downregulation of glycolysis.
Wed Sep 04, 2019 03:00
Nature Communications, Published online: 04 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11898-zTellurium has two-dimensional phases and some Weyl nodes around its Femi level that make it a suitable candidate for the study and application in nonlinear optics. Here the authors show the synthesis and use of bio-grown optical Te(0) nanoparticles for optical modulation and thermo-optic switching.
Wed Sep 04, 2019 03:00
Nature Communications, Published online: 04 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-12042-7The authors use accelerated protons on photosensitizers (PS, conventionally excited by light), to generate fluorescence and singlet oxygen which can enhance the efficacy of proton therapy. A pilot study on glioblastoma cells confirms differential cell death upon irradiation in the presence of PS.
Wed Sep 04, 2019 03:00
Nature Communications, Published online: 04 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11606-xMacrophage specific deletion of GGTase-I, a prenylation enzyme, in mice induces inflammatory response and rheumatoid arthritis. Here the authors show that GGTase-I deficiency and the resulting reduction of RAC1 prenylation increase RAC1 interaction with the adaptor protein IQGAP1, leading to GTP-loading of RAC1 and enhanced proinflammatory cytokine production.
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Nature, Published online: 04 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1522-7Yilingia spiciformis, a bilaterian dating to the Ediacaran period, is described from body fossils associated with trails produced by the animal, shedding light on the origins of segmentation and motility in bilaterian animals.
Wed Sep 04, 2019 03:00
Nature, Published online: 04 September 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-02643-zGlobal data sets don’t accurately capture the size of mountain snowpack, a crucial water resource.
Wed Sep 04, 2019 03:00
Nature, Published online: 04 September 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-02599-0The week in science: 30 August–5 September 2019.
Wed Sep 04, 2019 03:00
Nature, Published online: 04 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1512-9The effect of cities on urban climate (often warmer but sometimes cooler than their surroundings) is largely explained by local hydroclimate and patterns of city development.
Wed Sep 04, 2019 03:00
Nature, Published online: 04 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1527-2Quantum critical behaviour at the many-body localization transition in a disordered Bose–Hubbard system of bosonic rubidium atoms in an optical lattice is observed, connecting the macroscopic phenomenology of the transition to the system’s microscopic quantum correlations.
Wed Sep 04, 2019 03:00
Nature, Published online: 04 September 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-02572-xPrescription fulfilment patterns vary between countries and could help nations develop guidelines to fight a surge in opioid addiction.
Wed Sep 04, 2019 03:00
Nature, Published online: 04 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1531-6The cellular degradative machinery can be asymmetrically inherited upon haematopoietic-stem-cell division, which predicts the future metabolic and translational activation of their daughter cells.
Wed Sep 04, 2019 03:00
Nature, Published online: 04 September 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-02600-wClimate change, a wave of refugees and poor planning are draining water supplies in Jordan.
Wed Sep 04, 2019 03:00
Nature, Published online: 04 September 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-02556-xHalf-a-billion-year-old creature challenges theory that animals burst onto the scene in an abrupt event known as the Cambrian explosion.
Wed Sep 04, 2019 03:00
Nature, Published online: 04 September 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-02645-xHear the latest science news, with Nick Howe and Benjamin Thompson.
Wed Sep 04, 2019 03:00
Nature, Published online: 04 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1534-3H3K36me2 targets DNMT3A to intergenic regions and this process, together with H3K36me3-mediated recruitment of DNMT3B, has a key role in establishing and maintaining genomic DNA methylation landscapes.
Wed Sep 04, 2019 03:00
Nature, Published online: 04 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1508-5Analysis of a dataset of high-sensitivity Tohoku–Hokkaido seismograph records shows that pairs of subduction-type earthquakes of different sizes have very similar initial characteristics, implying that the final size of an earthquake cannot be reliably predicted from these.
Wed Sep 04, 2019 03:00
Nature, Published online: 04 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1536-1The effect of vitamin C deprivation on mouse germline development is analysed, revealing that maternal vitamin C is required for proper DNA demethylation and the development of fetal oocytes, whereas the lack of vitamin C during pregnancy leads to reduced female fecundity in the offspring.
Wed Sep 04, 2019 03:00
Nature, Published online: 04 September 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-02621-5A heroic effort.
Wed Sep 04, 2019 03:00
Nature, Published online: 04 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1523-6The cryo-electron microscopy structures of an early spliceosome complex in yeast reveal a unified mechanism for defining introns and exons and also for back-splicing to generate circular RNA.
Wed Sep 04, 2019 03:00
Nature, Published online: 04 September 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-02562-zAn analysis shows that information flow between individuals in a social network can be ‘gerrymandered’ to skew perceptions of how others in the community will vote — which can alter the outcomes of elections.
Wed Sep 04, 2019 03:00
Nature, Published online: 04 September 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-02604-6Barbara Kiser reviews five of the week’s best science picks.
Wed Sep 04, 2019 03:00
Nature, Published online: 04 September 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-02614-4Law-enforcement organizations in the United States need to record data on civilians killed in encounters with the police.
Wed Sep 04, 2019 03:00
Nature, Published online: 04 September 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-02649-7One of the “most bizarre yet fully logical ideas in human history”, how to use agile methods in the lab and what the data say about police shootings.
Wed Sep 04, 2019 03:00
Nature, Published online: 04 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1507-6In a voter game, information gerrymandering can sway the outcome of the vote towards one party, even when both parties have equal sizes and each player has the same influence; and this effect can be exaggerated by strategically placed zealots or automated bots.
Wed Sep 04, 2019 03:00
Nature, Published online: 04 September 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-02616-2Evidence is stacking up that a small number of strategically placed bots can influence the choices of undecided voters.
Wed Sep 04, 2019 03:00
Nature, Published online: 04 September 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-02611-7A practical method has been devised to synthesize compounds that have previously been almost impossible to make. The combination of fluorine atoms and amide groups in the compounds might be useful in pharmaceuticals.
Wed Sep 04, 2019 03:00
Nature, Published online: 04 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1528-1Cryo-electron microscopy structures of mixed-lineage leukaemia methyltransferases 1 and 3 associated with unmodified or mono-ubiquitinated nucleosome reveal the structural basis for the activity specificity and regulation of these enzymes.
Wed Sep 04, 2019 03:00
Nature, Published online: 04 September 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-02593-6Histone proteins pack DNA into a condensed form called chromatin. Detailed structures of the MLL family of histone-modifying protein complexes have been defined, shedding light on how they operate.
Wed Sep 04, 2019 03:00
Nature, Published online: 04 September 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-02601-9How do racial biases play into deadly encounters with the police? Researchers wrestle with incomplete data to reach answers.
Wed Sep 04, 2019 03:00
Nature, Published online: 04 September 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-02598-1Three years after Sri Lanka was declared free of the deadly disease, complacency is a big risk, warns Kamini Mendis.
Wed Sep 04, 2019 03:00
Nature, Published online: 04 September 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-02566-9Researchers race to retrieve ice amid protests by local residents.
Wed Sep 04, 2019 03:00
Nature, Published online: 04 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1530-7Structures of RNA polymerase of human and avian influenza A viruses reveal that the interface of the RNA polymerase dimer is required to initiate viral RNA synthesis in viral genome replication.
Wed Sep 04, 2019 03:00
Nature, Published online: 04 September 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-02613-5A long-standing question in seismology is whether small and large earthquakes have similar or different onsets. An analysis of earthquakes around Japan shows that, in some cases, these onsets are almost identical.
Wed Sep 04, 2019 03:00
Nature, Published online: 04 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1521-8The re-seeding of antibiotic-resistant persister subpopulations of Salmonella enterica into the gut lumen favours the transfer of resistance plasmids to gut-resident enterobacteria, showing that even small reservoirs of persister bacteria facilitate the spread of antibiotic resistance.
Wed Sep 04, 2019 03:00
Nature, Published online: 04 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1518-3N-trifluoromethyl analogues of amides and related carbonyl compounds are prepared via bench-stable carbamoyl fluoride building blocks.
Wed Sep 04, 2019 03:00
Nature, Published online: 04 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1510-yObservations of highly redshifted broad absorption lines of helium and hydrogen atoms provide unambiguous evidence of fast infalling gas that is merging into an accretion disk around a black hole.
Wed Sep 04, 2019 03:00
Nature, Published online: 04 September 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-02570-zHow cancer cells migrate to a secondary site and become established there is not fully understood. An analysis of mouse and human cancer cells could help settle the debate about the role of the protein E-cadherin in this process.
Wed Sep 04, 2019 03:00
Nature, Published online: 04 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1526-3Although E-cadherin loss promotes tumour-cell invasion in mouse and human models of invasive ductal carcinoma, E-cadherin expression prevents oxidative-stress-mediated apoptosis during detachment and is essential for metastasis.
Wed Sep 04, 2019 03:00
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