Summary Poor sleep in youth is a risk factor for experiencing increased negative emotions and decreased positive emotions, which can contribute to the development of later emotional disorders. Understanding of specific processes that produce sleep‐related alterations in emotion is limited, although preliminary studies suggest changes in the ability to appropriately regulate or control emotions as one mechanism. The current study builds on this research by examining the relationship between adolescent...
Wed Sep 18, 2019 16:03
Abstract Introduction Pectus excavatum (PX) denotes a concavity of the sternum and is the most common chest wall deformity. Many characteristic signs have been described on frontal chest radiographs including increased density of the inferomedial right lung, blurring of the right heart border, steeply angled anterior ribs, horizontal posterior ribs, straight or convex left heart border and loss of silhouette of the descending thoracic aorta. These signs are often subtle and rarely all present...
Wed Sep 18, 2019 19:04
Abstract Texture-modified diets (TMD) is often used in clinical practices for the treatment and prevention of pneumonia. However, it is unclear how stages of TMD affect the swallowing ability and nutritional status in patients with pneumonia. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the various stages of TMD and swallowing ability and nutritional status in older inpatients with pneumonia. In this retrospective cohort study, data for patients aged ≥ 65 years with...
Wed Sep 18, 2019 03:00
Abstract The penetration-aspiration scale (PAS) is an 8-point scale used to characterize the depth and response to airway invasion during videofluoroscopy. Though widely used in the field of deglutition, there is a lack of consensus regarding the statistical properties of the scale. In order to better understand the state of the literature and the statistical use of the PAS, a systematic review was undertaken to descriptively examine trends in statistical and reporting practices...
03:00
Stem Cells and Development, Ahead of Print.
Wed Sep 18, 2019 10:00
Stem Cells and Development, Ahead of Print.
Wed Sep 18, 2019 10:00
Wed Sep 18, 2019 19:28
Recent phylogenomic analyses have solved evolutionary relationships between most of the Orchidaceae subfamilies and tribes, yet phylogenetic relationships remain unclear within the hyperdiverse tribe Cymbidieae and within the Orchidoideae subfamily. Here we address these knowledge-gaps by focusing taxon sampling on the Cymbidieae subtribes Stanhopeinae, Maxillariinae, Zygopetalinae, Eulophiinae, Catasetinae, and Cyrtopodiinae. We further provide a more solid phylogenomic framework for the Codonorchideae...
Wed Sep 18, 2019 03:00
Evolutionary changes in gene expression are often driven by gains and losses of cis-regulatory elements(CREs). The dynamics of CRE evolution can be examined using multi-species epigenomic data, but so far such analyses have generally been descriptive and model-free. Here, we introduce a probabilistic modeling framework for the evolution of CREs that operates directly on raw chromatin immunoprecipitation and sequencing (ChIP-seq) data and fully considers the phylogenetic relationships among species....
Wed Sep 18, 2019 03:00
Cnidaria is the sister taxon to bilaterian animals, and therefore, represents an essential reference lineage to understand early origins and evolution of the neural systems. The hydromedusa Aglantha digitale is arguably the best electrophysiologically studied jellyfish because of its system of giant axons and unique fast swimming/escape behaviors. Here, using a combination of scanning electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry together with phalloidin labeling, we systematically characterize both...
Wed Sep 18, 2019 03:00
Studying organismal evolution on deep timescales provides us opportunities to identify the processes driving patterns in diversity and forms. Macroevolutionary studies of trait evolution however, often fail to account for sources of artifactual variation in the data---be it phylogenetic, temporal, or other. In some instances, this may not affect our evolutionary understanding, and accounting for sources of uncertainty may only subdue confidence in our inferences. In more dramatic cases, narrow views...
Wed Sep 18, 2019 03:00
Despite the extreme and varying environmental conditions prevalent in the Arabian Peninsula, it has experienced several waves of human migrations following the out-of-Africa diaspora. Eventually, the inhabitants of the peninsula region adapted to the hot and dry environment. The adaptation and natural selection that shaped the extant human populations of the Arabian Peninsula region have been scarcely studied. In an attempt to explore natural selection in the region, we analyzed 662,750 variants...
Wed Sep 18, 2019 03:00
The concept of evolvability (the capacity of populations to evolve) has deep historical roots in evolutionary biology. Interest in the subject has been renewed recently by innovations in microbiology that permit direct tests of the causes of evolvability, and with the acknowledgement that evolvability of pathogens has important implications for human health. Here, we investigate how fluctuating selection on the virus, Bacteriophage {lambda}, affects its evolvability. We imposed dynamic selection...
Wed Sep 18, 2019 03:00
To have epidemic potential, a pathogen must be able to spread in human populations, but of human-infective RNA viruses only a minority can do so. We investigated the evolution of human transmissibility through parallel analyses of 1755 virus genome sequences from 39 RNA virus genera. We identified 57 lineages containing human-transmissible species and estimated that at least 74% of these lineages have evolved directly from non-human viruses in other mammals or birds, a public health threat recently...
Wed Sep 18, 2019 03:00
Genome-wide discovery of candidate genes for functional traits within a species typically involves the sequencing of large samples of phenotyped individuals, or linkage analysis through multiple generations. When a trait occurs repeatedly among phylogenetically independent lineages within a genus, a more efficient approach may be to identify genes via detection of amino acid residues shared by species possessing that trait. Here, by taking this approach, we identify candidate loci in the genus Fraxinus...
Wed Sep 18, 2019 03:00
Diversity in host resistance often associates with reduced pathogen spread. This may result from limitation of pathogen evolution, and reduced pathogen reproduction due to the dilution of focal hosts. Theory and experiments on bacteria-phage interactions have shown that genetic diversity of the bacterial adaptive immune system can limit phage evolution to overcome resistance. Here we explore how immune diversity impacts the spread of phage when they can overcome a resistance allele, and whether immune...
Wed Sep 18, 2019 03:00
As introduced species expand their ranges, they often encounter differences in climate which are often correlated with geography. For introduced species, encountering a geographically variable climate sometimes leads to the re-establishment of clines seen in the native range. However, clines can also be caused by neutral processes, and so it is important to gather additional evidence that population differentiation is the result of selection as opposed to non-adaptive processes. Here, we examine...
Wed Sep 18, 2019 03:00
Genetic variation is the fuel of evolution but analysing the spatio-temporal dynamics of genetic changes in natural populations is challenging, comprehensive sampling logistically difficult, and sequencing of entire populations costly. Here we address these issues by performing the first continent-wide genomic analysis of genetic variation in European Drosophila melanogaster, based on 48 pool-sequencing samples from 32 populations. Our analyses uncover a novel pattern of major longitudinal population...
Wed Sep 18, 2019 03:00
The loss of biodiversity is altering the structure of ecological networks; however, we are currently in a poor position to predict how these altered communities will affect the evolutionary potential of remaining populations. Theory on adaptive landscapes provides a framework for predicting how selection constrains phenotypic evolution, but often treats the network context of evolving populations as a "black box". Here, we integrate ecological networks and adaptive landscapes to examine how changes...
Wed Sep 18, 2019 03:00
Adaptation is often described in behavioral ecology as individuals maximizing their inclusive fitness. Under what conditions does this hold and how does this relate to the gene-centered perspective of adaptation? We unify and extend the literature on these questions to class-structured populations. We demonstrate that the maximization (in the best-response sense) of class-specific inclusive fitness obtains in uninvadable population states (meaning that all deviating mutant go extinct). This defines...
Wed Sep 18, 2019 03:00
Evolutionary changes in gene expression are often driven by gains and losses of cis-regulatory elements (CREs). The dynamics of CRE evolution can be examined using multi-species epigenomic data, but so far such analyses have generally been descriptive and model-free. Here, we introduce a probabilistic modeling framework for the evolution of CREs that operates directly on raw chromatin immunoprecipitation and sequencing (ChIP-seq) data and fully considers the phylogenetic relationships among species....
Wed Sep 18, 2019 03:00
Neurocysticercosis, an infection of the central nervous system with the larval stage of the cestode Taenia solium, is uncommon in developed countries. We report a case of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation from a haploidentical donor complicated, in the long term, by T. solium infection of the central nervous system and successfully treated with empiric antiparasitic therapy with albendazole plus dexamethasone. Revised diagnostic criteria proposed by Del Brutto et al. were used for...
08:05
A cross-sectional survey involving 134 pulmonary TB patients started on TB treatment at the TB Treatment Unit of the regional referral hospital was conducted to ascertain the prevalence of individual and healt...
Wed Sep 18, 2019 03:00
This study was aimed to assess parental communication on sexual and reproductive health (SRH) issues and its associated factors among preparatory school students in Debre Tabor, Northcentral Ethiopia. Institut...
Wed Sep 18, 2019 03:00
The objective of this study was to assess magnitude of metabolic syndrome and its associated factors among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. A hospital based cross ...
Wed Sep 18, 2019 03:00
Awareness about complications is important to reduce diabetes related morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to assess awareness of diabetes complications and associated factors among type 2 diabetic patien...
Wed Sep 18, 2019 03:00
Glucuronoyl esterase (GE) is an emerging enzyme that improves fractionation of lignin-carbohydrate complexes. However, the commercial availability of GE is limited, which hinders the research of GE-based biopr...
Wed Sep 18, 2019 03:00
Abstract Glucocorticoids, including dexamethasone (DEX) and prednisone (PRED), have been prescribed in patients with neoplastic disease as cytotoxic agents or comedications. Nonetheless, it remains uncertain whether they have an impact on the development of bladder cancer. We, therefore, assessed the functional role of the glucocorticoid‐mediated glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling in urothelial tumorigenesis. Tumor formation was significantly delayed in xenograft‐bearing mice with implantation...
Wed Sep 18, 2019 19:34
Abstract Objectives The study was designed to evaluate expression profiling of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway genes in sporadic parathyroid adenoma. Methods Expression of MAPK signalling pathway genes including activated transcription factors and cell cycle regulatory genes was analysed by real-time PCR- based array in parathyroid...
Wed Sep 18, 2019 03:00
Abstract Purpose Tumoral calcinosis is a rare clinicopathological entity characterized by ectopic soft-tissue calcification, typically periarticular. Normophosphatemic tumoral calcinosis is seldom reported in East Asian populations, and the preoperative diagnosis is often elusive. This study was performed to characterize the clinical profile of normophosphatemic tumoral calcinosis and investigate the presence of the SAMD9 gene mutation....
Wed Sep 18, 2019 03:00
Technology in Cancer Research &Treatment, Volume 18, Issue , January 2019. The distribution and content of fibronectin is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors. Fibronectin is widely involved in cell migration, adhesion, proliferation, hemostasis, and tissue repair. Fibronectin type III domain containing 1, as a primary component of the structural domain of fibronectin, is closely related to the occurrence of some cancers. However, the molecular mechanism of fibronectin...
Wed Sep 18, 2019 07:04
Technology in Cancer Research &Treatment, Volume 18, Issue , January 2019. Cancer cells undergo metabolic changes that support their malignant growth. These changes are often associated with increased expression of the rate-limiting glycolytic enzyme hexokinase 2. Hexokinase 2 is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate. In this study, we utilized Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) database analysis and clinical sample analysis to find that...
Wed Sep 18, 2019 07:04
Technology in Cancer Research &Treatment, Volume 18, Issue , January 2019. Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy using CyberKnife for high volume cavernous sinus cavernous hemangiomas.Materials and Methods:We collected data from 12 patients with high volume cavernous sinus cavernous hemangiomas treated with hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy using CyberKnife in our institute, including 2 men and 10 women/female child, aged 4 to 60...
Wed Sep 18, 2019 07:05
Technology in Cancer Research &Treatment, Volume 18, Issue , January 2019. Introduction:Pharmacogenomics is about selecting the “right drug in the right amount for the right patient.” In metastatic colorectal cancer, germline pharmacogenomics testing presents a unique opportunity to improve outcomes, since the genes dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase metabolizing the chemotherapy drugs, 5-fluorouracil, and irinotecan are already well known. In a retrospective analysis...
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Technology in Cancer Research &Treatment, Volume 18, Issue , January 2019. Irreversible electroporation causes cell death through low frequency, high voltage electrical pulses and is increasingly used to treat non-resectable cancers. A recent systematic review revealed that tissue damage through irreversible electroporation is time-dependent, but the impact of time on the ablation zone size remains unknown. Irreversible electroporation ablations were performed hourly during 24 consecutive hours...
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Journal of International Medical Research, Ahead of Print.
Tue Sep 17, 2019 13:01
Journal of International Medical Research, Ahead of Print.
Tue Sep 17, 2019 14:19
Journal of International Medical Research, Ahead of Print.
Tue Sep 17, 2019 14:33
Journal of International Medical Research, Ahead of Print.
Tue Sep 17, 2019 14:45
Journal of International Medical Research, Ahead of Print.
Tue Sep 17, 2019 14:48
Journal of International Medical Research, Ahead of Print.
Tue Sep 17, 2019 14:53
Journal of International Medical Research, Ahead of Print.
Wed Sep 18, 2019 08:36
Journal of International Medical Research, Ahead of Print.
Wed Sep 18, 2019 08:42
Journal of International Medical Research, Ahead of Print.
Wed Sep 18, 2019 09:15
Journal of International Medical Research, Ahead of Print.
Wed Sep 18, 2019 09:16
Journal of International Medical Research, Ahead of Print.
Wed Sep 18, 2019 13:06
Background Prospective investigation of medical dialogue is considered the gold standard in prognostic communication research. To the authors' knowledge, the achievability of collecting mixed methods data across an evolving illness trajectory for children with cancer is unknown. Methods The objective of the current study was to investigate the feasibility and acceptability of recording sequential medical discussions at disease reevaluation time points for children with high‐risk cancer. Mixed...
Wed Sep 18, 2019 18:50
Background Perioperative chemotherapy (POC) is one standard approach for the treatment of resectable cancers of the stomach and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ), whereas there has been growing interest in preoperative therapies. The objective of the current study was to compare survival between patients treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy (PCRT) with those receiving POC using a large database. Methods The National Cancer Data Base was queried for patients diagnosed...
Wed Sep 18, 2019 18:50
Vascular endothelial growth factor and programmed death‐1 pathway inhibitors in renal cell carcinoma
Advanced renal cell carcinoma has historically carried a poor prognosis with very limited treatment options. However, in recent years, the treatment landscape has changed drastically, with many new therapeutic options and improved survival for patients. Novel treatments consist of molecularly targeted agents against the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway as well as the immune checkpoint inhibitors, which stimulate an antitumor immune response. Recent strategy has focused on the development...
Wed Sep 18, 2019 18:52
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