Publication date: Available online 12 September 2019Source: Behavioural Brain ResearchAuthor(s): Dvijen C. Purohit, Atulya D. Mandyam, Michael J. Terranova, Chitra D. MandyamAbstractAdult female rats show greater running output compared with age-matched male rats, and the midbrain dopaminergic system may account for behavioral differences in running output. However, it is unknown if the lower running output in adult males can be regulated by wheel running experience during adolescence, and whether...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 18:27
Publication date: Available online 12 September 2019Source: Behavioural Brain ResearchAuthor(s): Andressa Soliani, Silvia Megumi Kubota, Michelle Fidelis Corrêa, Suzete Maria Cerutti, João Paulo S. FernandesAbstractHistamine H3 receptors (H3R) have attracted interest of research groups as drug target to several CNS disorders. Data suggests that H3R antagonists exert neuroprotective, cognitive enhancement and antidepressant effects in rodents. The LINS01 compounds were reported as selective H3R antagonists,...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 18:27
Publication date: Available online 12 September 2019Source: Behavioural Brain ResearchAuthor(s): Denise F. Happ, Gregers Wegener, R. Andrew TaskerAbstractPost-stroke depression (PSD) and post-stroke anxiety (PSA) are usually undertreated and many cases may remain undiagnosed, indicating a need for a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Current animal models of PSD and PSA using the middle cerebral artery occlusion model may be associated with motor deficits that can interfere with behavioral...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 18:27
Supramolecular polymers have a lot of potential in the development of new materials because of their inherent recyclability and their self‐healing and stimuli‐responsive properties. Supramolecular conductive polymers are generally obtained by the assembly of individual aromatic molecules into columnar arrays that provide an optimal channel for electronic transport. We report a new approach to prepare supramolecular polymers by hooking together sigmoidal monomers into 1D arrays of π‐stacked anthracene...
Wed Sep 11, 2019 16:50
g‐C3N4 nanosheets are attractive candidates for building advanced nanofiltration membranes owning to their unique layered structures with triangular nanopores. However, it remains a huge challenge to boost the water permeance of g‐C3N4 lamellar membranes because the interlayer distance is too minor for water permeation. Inspired by the architecture of graphene oxide laminates, we modulated g‐C3N4 membranes via intercalating molecules with SO3H and benzene moieties between layers. The intercalation...
Wed Sep 11, 2019 17:49
Understanding the effects of intermolecular interactions on metal‐to‐metal charge transfer (MMCT) is crucial to develop molecular devices via grafting MMCT‐based molecular arrays. Herein, we report a series of solvent‐free {Fe₂Co₂} compounds sharing the same cationic tetranuclear {[Fe(PzTp)(CN)₃]₂[Co(dpq)₂]₂}²+ (PzTp¯ = tetrakis(pyrazolyl)borate, dpq = dipyrido[3,2‐d:2ʹ,3ʹ‐f]quinoxaline) square units but having anions with different size, including BF₄¯, PF₆¯, OTf¯, and [Fe(PzTp)(CN)₃]¯. Intermolecular...
Wed Sep 11, 2019 21:19
High pressure is applied to investigate the optical response and structure evolution of a 2D double halide perovskite. (BA)4AgBiBr8 shows pressure‐induced emission accompanied with a crystal structure change, indicating potential applications in pressure sensing, information storage and trademark security. Abstract Two‐dimensional (2D) halide perovskites have attracted significant attention due to their compositional flexibility and electronic diversity. Understanding the structure–property...
Wed Sep 11, 2019 22:00
The spin state (singlet or triplet) of a magnetically bistable carbene is controlled by a remote methoxy group as a conformational switch. In their Communication (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200190657910.1002/anie.2001906579) W. Sander et al. show how this conformational spin switching can be used to study the spin dependence of reactions and that it has potential applications in the design of novel switchable magnetic materials.
Thu Sep 12, 2019 14:14
The twofold hydroboration products of (Fmes)BH2⋅SMe2 with a series of alkynes (2‐butyne, arylethynes) react with 2,6‐dimethylphenyl isocyanide at 80 °C to give 1,3‐azaborinine derivatives. The reaction involves insertion of one isonitrile followed by a bora‐Nazarov type ring‐closure reaction and subsequent isonitrile insertion to give 1,3‐dihydro‐1,3‐azaborinines. Abstract The twofold hydroboration products of (Fmes)BH2⋅SMe2 with a series of alkynes (2‐butyne, arylethynes) react with two molar...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 14:15
Metal‐catalyzed cleavage of a nonplanar moiety in Pt(II) complexes via the scission of a C−N bond leaves, which leaves behind a largely planar core complex, can be tuned by suitable molecular design. This method provides an alternative means of producing planar Pt(II) complexes, which can be difficult to synthesize by traditional solution processing, but are essential for molecular stacking in electroluminescent devices. Abstract A series of Pt(II) complexes with tetradentate luminophores has...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 14:15
A titanium catalyzed mono‐decyanation of geminal dinitriles is reported. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions, tolerates numerous functional groups, and can be applied to quaternary malononitriles. A corresponding desulfonylation is demonstrated as well. Mechanistic experiments support a catalyst‐controlled cleavage without the formation of free radicals, which is in sharp contrast to traditional stoichiometric radical decyanations. The involvement of two Ti III species in the C‐C cleavage...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 15:44
Substitution of standard azobenzenes with diazocines allows for the “sign‐inversion” of photopharmaceuticals, as demonstrated with a photoswitchable potassium channel blocker and an opener. Abstract Photopharmacology relies on ligands that change their pharmacodynamics upon photoisomerization. Many of these ligands are azobenzenes that are thermodynamically more stable in their elongated trans‐configuration. Often, they are biologically active in this form and lose activity upon irradiation...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 16:21
Two‐faced: Lipid–polymer amphiphile conjugates of potent small‐molecule immunomodulators (TLR7/8a) bind to serum proteins like albumin, thereby restricting innate immune activation to lymphoid tissue. This work provides a rational basis for the design of lipid–polymer amphiphiles for optimized lymphoid targeting. Abstract Uncontrolled systemic inflammatory immune triggering has hampered the clinical translation of several classes of small‐molecule immunomodulators, such as imidazoquinoline...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 16:23
Dihydrogen to go: Grafting of hydrogen‐rich amine–borane Lewis pairs in polymeric scaffolds leads to materials releasing H2 at a temperature controlled by the boron ratio and the macromolecular properties, and not by electronic effects. The materials also enable the clean dehydrogenation of borazane. Abstract Polystyrene‐g‐boramine random copolymers are dihydrogen reservoirs with tunable dehydrogenation temperatures, which can be adjusted by selecting the boramine content in the copolymers....
Thu Sep 12, 2019 16:23
Characterisation? NNO worries: The synthesis and comprehensive characterisation of two rhodium(I) complexes of nitrous oxide are reported. These normally elusive adducts are stable in the solid state and persist in solution at ambient temperature. Abstract The synthesis of two well‐defined rhodium(I) complexes of nitrous oxide (N2O) is reported. These normally elusive adducts are stable in the solid state and persist in solution at ambient temperature, enabling comprehensive structural interrogation...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 16:23
An anthraquinone salt, AQDS(NH4)2, is designed as a new anolyte material for pH‐neutral aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AORFBs) with a solubility of 1.9 m in water. An AORFB using AQDS(NH4)2 delivered outstanding battery performance, including 100 % cycling stability over 300 cycles, an energy efficiency of 70.6 % at 60 mA cm2, and a power density of 91.5 mW cm−2 at 100 % state of charge. Abstract Redox‐active anthraquinone molecules represent promising anolyte materials in aqueous organic...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 16:24
Look‐alikes: Reported here is the design and synthesis of a discrete π‐stacked aggregate from two comparable perylenediimide (PDI) dyads (PEP and PBP). The criss‐cross PEP‐PBP dimers in solution and (PBP‐PEP)‐(PEP‐PBP) tetramers in the solid state are elucidated using single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, dynamic light scattering, and diffusion‐ordered NMR spectroscopy. The chromophore look‐alikes uniformly embrace each other through π–π interactions and therefore form stable, discrete π‐stacks. ...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 16:24
Form controls function: Dynamic self‐assembly allows the reversible formation of catalysts by exploiting intermolecular cooperative effects. By coupling structure formation to an emergent function, complex artificial systems can be designed to exhibit stimuli‐responsive properties. Abstract A photoresponsive system where structure formation is coupled to catalytic activity is presented. The observed catalytic activity is reliant on intermolecular cooperative effects that are present when amphiphiles...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 16:24
Complementary reactivity: Aryl sulfones undergo Suzuki–Miyaura coupling with intermediate reactivity between aryl halides and nitroarenes, enabling the iterative synthesis of non‐symmetric polyaromatics. Abstract Ideal organic syntheses involve the rapid construction of C−C bonds, with minimal use of functional group interconversions. The Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling (SMC) is a powerful way to form biaryl linkages, but the relatively similar reactivity of electrophilic partners makes iterative...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 16:25
Image of health: A peptide probe labeled with a near‐infrared dye has been developed that can be specifically tailored with a fibroblast activation protein‐α and then self‐assembled in situ into nanofibers on the surface of cancer‐associated fibroblasts. The selective assembly of the probe has resulted in tumor imaging with high sensitivity and specificity, with tumors as small as 2 mm in diameter visualized. Abstract Tumor complexity makes the development of highly sensitive tumor imaging...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 16:25
A benzannulation of carvone strategy has enabled the enantiospecific and divergent syntheses of indolosesquiterpenoids xiamycin A, C, F, H, and oridamycin A in 13–14 steps from (R)‐carvone. Evaluation of their anti‐fungal properties revealed xiamycin H to be an inhibitor of three agriculturally relevant fungal pathogens. Abstract Divergent and enantiospecific total syntheses of the indolosesquiterpenoids xiamycins A, C, F, H and oridamycin A have been accomplished. The syntheses, which commence...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 16:25
Quat a wonderful world! A surrogate of isobutene gas based on cyclohexa‐1,4‐diene has been designed that enables the transfer hydromethallylation of alkenes under Lewis acidic conditions. The method allows for the construction of a congested quaternary carbon center and a C(sp3)−C(sp3) bond by way of a tertiary carbenium ion generated by alkene protonation. Abstract The design and gram‐scale synthesis of a cyclohexa‐1,4‐diene‐based surrogate of isobutene gas is reported. Using the highly electron‐deficient...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 16:27
NHC‐coordinated diphosphene has been used as a ligand for the isolation of monomeric gold(I) hydride, which readily converted into the corresponding AuI formate either by hydroauration of CO2 or by dehydrogenative coupling with formic acid. The AuI formate in turn loses CO2 at room temperature upon application of vacuum and this process can be expedited at lower temperatures by using NHC. Abstract An NHC‐coordinated diphosphene is employed as ligand for the synthesis of a hydrocarbon‐soluble...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 16:28
Unveiling the Hidden, Dark, and Short Life of a Vibronic State in a Boron Difluoride Formazanate Dye
Hidden excitation: A novel microsecond delay of a high‐lying, vibronically accessed, significantly distorted excited state that pumps a planar emissive state is reported. The unusually long decay is associated with the significantly distorted geometry. An optically encryption method based on the wavelength‐ and time‐domain of the vibronic state is also described. Abstract Boron difluoride (BF2) formazanate dyes are contenders for molecular species that exhibit a large Stokes shift and bright...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 16:28
Automated discovery: A combination of microcoil nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and digital microfluidics (DMF) allows sub‐microliter volumes of reagents to be moved and mixed inside the NMR spectrometer to initiate reactions. This permits monitoring reactions of scarce or expensive reagents and opens up the potential for future automated synthetic discovery platforms. Abstract Microcoil nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has been interfaced with digital microfluidics (DMF) and is applied to...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 16:29
B‐directed: Acyl‐directed electrophilic C−H borylation provides access to novel C5 and C7 borylated indoles using just BBr3 as the borylating agent via the formation of six‐membered boracycles. Abstract Indoles are privileged heterocycles found in many biologically active pharmaceuticals and natural products. However, the selective functionalization of the benzenoid moiety in indoles in preference to the more reactive pyrrolic unit is a significant challenge. Herein we report that N‐acyl directing...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 16:30
It is vital to understand the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) mechanism at the molecular level for the rational design and synthesis of high activity fuel cell catalysts. Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a powerful technique capable of detecting the bond vibrations of surface species in the low wavenumber range, however using it to probe practical nanocatalysts remains extremely challenging. Herein, shell‐isolated nanoparticle‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SHINERS) was used to investigate...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 17:39
Crystalline Co3(PO4)2 nanosheets are designed for electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction with high efficiency, wherein the biomimetic edge‐sharing CoO9 subunits are the active sites, leading to a low energy barrier towards water splitting. Abstract To improve energy conversion efficiency, the development of active electrocatalysts with similar structural features to photosynthesis II systems (PS‐II), which can efficiently catalyze the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), have received great...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 18:37
Publication date: November 2019Source: Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Volume 119Author(s): Yeqing Fang, Chengcheng Duan, Shaoyuan Chen, Peiyi Xie, Wen Ai, Lei Wang, Rongzhi Liu, Hongcheng FangAbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate the role of legumain in the formation and stability of atherosclerotic plaque, as well as to explore the association between legumain with Smad3 pathway in a rat atherosclerosis model.MethodsRat with thoracic aorta atherosclerosis was established...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 18:40
Publication date: November 2019Source: Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Volume 119Author(s): Fei Xie, Chuan Li, Xiaoyun Zhang, Wei Peng, Tianfu WenAbstractBackgroundPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a malignant tumor with high mortality and metastasis, which is difficult to diagnose and treat. MicroRNA-143-3p (miR-143-3p) acts as a tumor suppressor in various cancers. However, its role in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma has not been explored. Here we examined the potential role and mechanism...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 18:40
Publication date: November 2019Source: Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Volume 119Author(s): Hao Tang, Yi-jin Wu, Feng Xiao, Bin Wang, James Asenso, Yong Wang, Wei Sun, Chun Wang, Wei WeiAbstractObjectiveMethotrexate (MTX) is a commonly used drug for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and it has been studied in RA resistance recently. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is one of the important transporters that mediate MTX resistance. This study investigated the effect of Paeoniflorin-6′-O-benzene sulfonate...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 18:40
Publication date: November 2019Source: Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Volume 119Author(s): Yan Li, Yongmei Zeng, Quanfang Huang, Shujuan Wen, Yuanyuan Wei, Ya Chen, Xiaolin Zhang, Facheng Bai, Zhongpeng Lu, Jinbin Wei, Xing LinAbstractAcute liver injury is a life-threatening syndrome that often caused by hepatocyte damage and is characterized by inflammatory and oxidative responses. Helenalin isolated from Centipeda minima (HCM) has been found to have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects....
Thu Sep 12, 2019 18:40
Publication date: Available online 11 September 2019Source: Journal of Neuroscience MethodsAuthor(s): Jack S. Thomson, Ali A. Al-Temeemy, Helen Isted, Joseph W. Spencer, Lynne U. SneddonAbstractBackgroundZebrafish (Danio rerio) are an increasingly popular model species within a variety of biomedical and neurobiological contexts. Researchers are required to prevent any negative states, such as pain, when using experimental animals to optimise fish welfare but analysis tools for zebrafish are lacking.New...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 18:51
Researchers at Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne in Switzerland have developed an intelligent robotic hand to assist amputees in daily tasks. The research team used existing robotic hardware, but developed a machine learning approach to provide better control for amputees, whereby the robotic arms can better anticipate user intentions, even down to individual finger movements. In a process called “shared control,” the intelligent arm can automatically control certain movements, such as grasping...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 16:12
Fluorescent dyes have transformed biomedical science. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2008, for example, was given for the discovery and development of green fluorescent protein, GFP. Ever since GFP became available, scientists have been working on improving fluorescent dyes to better study dynamic processes within biological tissues. Typically, ultraviolet light is used to activate such dyes, but this can be damaging to cells and even trigger them to behave in a certain way, potentially...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 18:43
Admitted patients often have to wait a number of hours for a radiologist to review their chest X-ray, even though it may be marked as urgent or STAT. That’s because way too many are marked as such in most clinics. Pneumothorax, or collapsed lung, can go unnoticed in the meantime, leading to a dangerous amount of time to wait while inside the hospital. GE Healthcare’s Critical Care Suite automatically processes chest scans right on the X-ray machine and flags those where it detects potential...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 18:57
Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery, Ahead of Print. Background:Mycoplasma pneumoniae-induced rash and mucositis (MIRM) is a relatively newly recognized clinical entity that typically presents with predominant mucositis accompanied by variable cutaneous involvement 7-9 days after the onset of prodromal symptoms. There are no evidence-based guidelines for treatment, and current standards of care may include supportive therapy, antibiotics, corticosteroids, and intravenous immunoglobulin .Objective:This...
Tue Sep 10, 2019 15:49
Publication date: October 2019Source: Journal of Human Evolution, Volume 135Author(s): Mercedes Conde-Valverde, Manuel Rosa, Ignacio Martínez, Julio Marchamalo, Ana Pantoja-Pérez, Rolf Quam, Carlos Lorenzo, Ana Gracia-Téllez, Alfredo García-Fernández, Juan Luis Arsuaga, Teresa Rivera-RodríguezAbstractPathological conditions have been previously documented in the Middle Pleistocene Sima de los Huesos hominins from northern Spain, and several of these have clear behavioral implications. Within this...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 19:04
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