Related ArticlesIsolation of Tissue Extracellular Vesicles from the Liver. J Vis Exp. 2019 Aug 21;(150): Authors: Ishiguro K, Yan IK, Patel T Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can be released from many different cell types and detected in most, if not all, body fluids. EVs can participate in cell-to-cell communication by shuttling bioactive molecules such as RNA or protein from one cell to another. Most studies of EVs have been performed in cell...
Tue Sep 10, 2019 15:05
Related ArticlesRapid Evaluation of Toxicity of Chemical Compounds Using Zebrafish Embryos. J Vis Exp. 2019 Aug 25;(150): Authors: Aspatwar A, Hammaren MM, Parikka M, Parkkila S Abstract The zebrafish is a widely used vertebrate model organism for the disease and phenotype-based drug discovery. The zebrafish generates many offspring, has transparent embryos and rapid external development. Zebrafish embryos can, therefore, also be used for the rapid evaluation...
Tue Sep 10, 2019 15:05
Related ArticlesIn Vivo Functional Study of Disease-associated Rare Human Variants Using Drosophila. J Vis Exp. 2019 Aug 20;(150): Authors: Harnish JM, Deal SL, Chao HT, Wangler MF, Yamamoto S Abstract Advances in sequencing technology have made whole-genome and whole-exome datasets more accessible for both clinical diagnosis and cutting-edge human genetics research. Although a number of in silico algorithms have been developed to predict the pathogenicity...
Tue Sep 10, 2019 15:05
Related ArticlesInjecting Gryllus bimaculatus Eggs. J Vis Exp. 2019 Aug 22;(150): Authors: Barry SK, Nakamura T, Matsuoka Y, Straub C, Horch HW, Extavour CG Abstract Altering gene function in a developing organism is central to different kinds of experiments. While tremendously powerful genetic tools have been developed in traditional model systems, it is difficult to manipulate genes or messenger RNA (mRNA) in most other organisms. At the same time,...
Tue Sep 10, 2019 15:05
Related ArticlesMurine Appendectomy Model of Chronic Colitis Associated Colorectal Cancer by Precise Localization of Caecal Patch. J Vis Exp. 2019 Aug 24;(150): Authors: Li Y, Liu J, Liu G, Pan Z, Zhang M, Ma Y, Wei Q, Xia H, Zhang RX, She J Abstract The human appendix has been recently implicated to play important biological roles in the pathogenesis of various complex diseases, such as colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, and Parkinson's...
Tue Sep 10, 2019 15:05
Related ArticlesSingle-cell Screening Method for the Selection and Recovery of Antibodies with Desired Specificities from Enriched Human Memory B Cell Populations. J Vis Exp. 2019 Aug 22;(150): Authors: Perry ST, Keogh E, Morton M, Koudstaal W, Pascual G Abstract The human antibody repertoire represents a largely untapped source of potential therapeutic antibodies and useful biomarkers. While current computational methods, such as next generation sequencing...
Tue Sep 10, 2019 15:05
Related ArticlesExtremely Rapid and Specific Metabolic Labelling of RNA In Vivo with 4-Thiouracil (Ers4tU). J Vis Exp. 2019 Aug 22;(150): Authors: Barrass JD, Beggs JD Abstract The nucleotide analogue, 4-thiouracil (4tU), is readily taken up by cells and incorporated into RNA as it is transcribed in vivo, allowing isolation of the RNA produced during a brief period of labelling. This is done by attaching a biotin moiety to the incorporated thio group...
Tue Sep 10, 2019 15:05
Related ArticlesA Method to Study de novo Formation of Chromatin Domains. J Vis Exp. 2019 Aug 23;(150): Authors: Oksuz O, Reinberg D Abstract The organization and structure of chromatin domains are unique to individual cell lineages. Their misregulation might lead to a loss in cellular identity and/or disease. Despite tremendous efforts, our understanding of the formation and propagation of chromatin domains is still limited. Chromatin domains have been...
Tue Sep 10, 2019 15:05
Related ArticlesQuantification of Protein Interaction Network Dynamics using Multiplexed Co-Immunoprecipitation. J Vis Exp. 2019 Aug 21;(150): Authors: Brown EA, Neier SC, Neuhauser C, Schrum AG, Smith SEP Abstract Dynamic protein-protein interactions control cellular behavior, from motility to DNA replication to signal transduction. However, monitoring dynamic interactions among multiple proteins in a protein interaction network is technically difficult....
Tue Sep 10, 2019 15:05
Related ArticlesAnalysis of Interactions between Endobiotics and Human Gut Microbiota Using In Vitro Bath Fermentation Systems. J Vis Exp. 2019 Aug 23;(150): Authors: Hu Y, Chen H, Li P, Li B, Cao L, Zhao C, Gu Q, Yin Y Abstract Human intestinal microorganisms have recently become an important target of research in promoting human health and preventing diseases. Consequently, investigations of interactions between endobiotics (e.g., drugs and prebiotics)...
Tue Sep 10, 2019 15:05
Related ArticlesRadiosensitivity of Cancer Stem Cells in Lung Cancer Cell Lines. J Vis Exp. 2019 Aug 21;(150): Authors: Sui X, Geng JH, Yu HM, Li YH, Wang WH Abstract The presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) has been associated with relapse or poor outcomes after radiotherapy. Studying radioresistant CSCs may provide clues to overcoming radioresistance. Voltage-gated calcium channel α2δ1 subunit isoform 5 has been reported as a marker for radioresistant...
Tue Sep 10, 2019 15:05
Related ArticlesBrain State-dependent Brain Stimulation with Real-time Electroencephalography-Triggered Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. J Vis Exp. 2019 Aug 20;(150): Authors: Stefanou MI, Baur D, Belardinelli P, Bergmann TO, Blum C, Gordon PC, Nieminen JO, Zrenner B, Ziemann U, Zrenner C Abstract The effect of a stimulus to the brain depends not only on the parameters of the stimulus but also on the dynamics of brain activity at the time of the stimulation....
Tue Sep 10, 2019 15:05
Related ArticlesA Complete Pipeline for Isolating and Sequencing MicroRNAs, and Analyzing Them Using Open Source Tools. J Vis Exp. 2019 Aug 21;(150): Authors: Course MM, Gudsnuk K, Valdmanis PN Abstract Half of all human transcripts are thought to be regulated by microRNAs. Therefore, quantifying microRNA expression can reveal underlying mechanisms in disease states and provide therapeutic targets and biomarkers. Here, we detail how to accurately quantify...
Tue Sep 10, 2019 15:05
Related ArticlesX-ray Beam Induced Current Measurements for Multi-Modal X-ray Microscopy of Solar Cells. J Vis Exp. 2019 Aug 20;(150): Authors: Ossig C, Nietzold T, West B, Bertoni M, Falkenberg G, Schroer CG, Stuckelberger ME Abstract X-ray beam induced current (XBIC) measurements allow mapping of the nanoscale performance of electronic devices such as solar cells. Ideally, XBIC is employed simultaneously with other techniques within a multi-modal X-ray...
Tue Sep 10, 2019 15:05
Related ArticlesIsolation, Culture, Characterization, and Differentiation of Human Muscle Progenitor Cells from the Skeletal Muscle Biopsy Procedure. J Vis Exp. 2019 Aug 23;(150): Authors: Gheller BJ, Blum J, Soueid-Baumgarten S, Bender E, Cosgrove BD, Thalacker-Mercer A Abstract The use of primary human tissue and cells is ideal for the investigation of biological and physiological processes such as the skeletal muscle regenerative process. There are...
Tue Sep 10, 2019 15:05
Related ArticlesHome-Based Prescribed Pulmonary Exercise in Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. J Vis Exp. 2019 Aug 24;(150): Authors: Liu X, Li P, Li J, Xiao L, Li N, Lu Y, Wang Z, Su J, Wang Z, Shan C, Wu W Abstract As a systemic disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affects the respiratory system, inducing restless and exercise dyspnea. It also impacts exercise capacity and forms a vicious circle in which it...
Tue Sep 10, 2019 15:05
Related ArticlesVisualization of Flow Field Around a Vibrating Pipeline Within an Equilibrium Scour Hole. J Vis Exp. 2019 Aug 26;(150): Authors: Guan D, Chiew YM, Wei M, Hsieh SC Abstract An experimental method is presented in this paper to facilitate visualization of the detailed flow fields and determination of the near-boundary shear and normal stresses within an equilibrium scour hole induced by a vibrating pipeline. This method involves the implementation...
Tue Sep 10, 2019 15:05
Related ArticlesUsing En Face Immunofluorescence Staining to Observe Vascular Endothelial Cells Directly. J Vis Exp. 2019 Aug 20;(150): Authors: Li C, Liu ZH, Chen JW, Shu XY, Shen Y, Ding FH, Zhang RY, Shen WF, Lu L, Wang XQ Abstract Aberrant changes in endothelial phenotype and morphology are considered to be initial events in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Direct observation of the intact endothelium will provide valuable information for understanding...
Tue Sep 10, 2019 15:05
Related ArticlesExcitation-Scanning Hyperspectral Imaging Microscopy to Efficiently Discriminate Fluorescence Signals. J Vis Exp. 2019 Aug 22;(150): Authors: Deal J, Britain A, Rich T, Leavesley S Abstract Several techniques rely on detection of fluorescence signals to identify or study phenomena or to elucidate functions. Separation of these fluorescence signals were proven cumbersome until the advent of hyperspectral imaging, in which fluorescence...
Tue Sep 10, 2019 15:05
Related ArticlesIn Vivo Inhibition of MicroRNA to Decrease Tumor Growth in Mice. J Vis Exp. 2019 Aug 23;(150): Authors: Ramirez-Moya J, Wert-Lamas L, Acuña-Ruiz A, Zaballos MA, Santisteban P Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of gene expression through their ability to destabilize mRNA and inhibit translation of target mRNAs. An ever-increasing number of studies have identified miRNAs as potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and...
Tue Sep 10, 2019 15:05
Related ArticlesTransplantation of Chemogenetically Engineered Cortical Interneuron Progenitors into Early Postnatal Mouse Brains. J Vis Exp. 2019 Aug 26;(150): Authors: Denaxa M, Neves G, Burrone J, Pachnis V Abstract Neuronal development is regulated by a complex combination of environmental and genetic factors. Assessing the relative contribution of each component is a complicated task, which is particularly difficult in regards to the development...
Tue Sep 10, 2019 15:05
Related ArticlesAutomated 3D Optical Coherence Tomography to Elucidate Biofilm Morphogenesis Over Large Spatial Scales. J Vis Exp. 2019 Aug 21;(150): Authors: Depetris A, Wiedmer A, Wagner M, Schäfer S, Battin TJ, Peter H Abstract Biofilms are a most successful microbial lifestyle and prevail in a multitude of environmental and engineered settings. Understanding biofilm morphogenesis, that is the structural diversification of biofilms during community...
Tue Sep 10, 2019 15:05
Related ArticlesNon-invasive Strategies for Chronic Manipulation of DREADD-controlled Neuronal Activity. J Vis Exp. 2019 Aug 25;(150): Authors: Zhan J, Komal R, Keenan WT, Hattar S, Fernandez DC Abstract Chemogenetic strategies have emerged as reliable tools for remote control of neuronal activity. Among these, designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) have become the most popular chemogenetic approach used in modern neuroscience....
Tue Sep 10, 2019 15:05
Publication date: Available online 9 September 2019Source: International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryAuthor(s): A. Gueutier, J.-D. Kün-Darbois, L. Laccourreye, R. BreheretAbstractSurgical reconstruction after a total maxillectomy remains challenging. The standard treatment is the microvascular free flap. In cases of surgical contraindication, oral rehabilitation is usually performed with a palatal obturator prosthesis (PAP). Acceptable anatomical and functional outcomes in terms of speech,...
Tue Sep 10, 2019 13:07
Related ArticlesGap junctions and expression of Cx36, Cx43 and Cx45 in the posterodorsal medial amygdala of adult rats. Histol Histopathol. 2019 Sep 09;:18160 Authors: Zancan M, Malysz T, Moura DJ, Morás AM, Steffens L, Rasia-Filho AA Abstract The posterodorsal medial amygdala (MePD) has an adapted synaptic organization that dynamically modulates reproduction and other social behaviors in rats. Discrete gap junctions between glial cells were previously...
Tue Sep 10, 2019 13:07
Related ArticlesEndocrinology of Hirsutism: From Androgens to Androgen Excess Disorders. Front Horm Res. 2019;53:108-119 Authors: Yilmaz B, Yildiz BO Abstract Unwanted sexual hair growth has a considerable negative impact on a woman's self-esteem and quality of life. Excessive growth of terminal hair in women in a man-like pattern is defined as hirsutism and affects up to 1 in 7 women. Androgens secreted by the ovary and adrenal are the main regulator...
Tue Sep 10, 2019 14:36
Related ArticlesRare patients in routine care - Treatment and outcome in advanced papillary renal cell carcinoma in the prospective German clinical RCC-Registry. Int J Cancer. 2019 Sep 09;: Authors: Staehler M, Goebell PJ, Müller L, Emde TO, Wetzel N, Kruggel L, Jänicke M, Marschner N, RCC-Registry Group (Tumour Registry of Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma) Abstract Non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma is a very rare malignancy that includes several histological...
Tue Sep 10, 2019 14:36
Related ArticlesHyperplastic Response Following Soft Tissue Augmentation in the Esthetic Zone. Clin Adv Periodontics. 2019 Jun;9(2):50-54 Authors: Gluckman H, Du Toit J, Pontes CC, Hille J Abstract INTRODUCTION: The indications for augmentation of gingival tissue by connective tissue graft (CTG) are numerous. The techniques are widely adopted with extensive literature reporting high success. Harvest techniques include the mid to anterior palate, versus...
Tue Sep 10, 2019 14:36
Related ArticlesNKX3.1 and Prostein Expression in Testicular Tissue and Sex Cord-Stromal Tumors. Am J Surg Pathol. 2019 Sep 06;: Authors: Arnesen C, Eich ML, Pena MR, Cappel JR, Schwartz L, Rais-Bahrami S, Faraj SF, Prieto Granada C, Gordetsky JB Abstract Prostate cancer is well known to metastasize to the testis and is not an uncommon finding on castration performed for advanced disease. Although germ cell tumors make up the majority of testis neoplasms,...
Tue Sep 10, 2019 14:36
Related ArticlesNovel KIT mutation presenting as marked lentiginosis. Pediatr Dermatol. 2019 Sep 09;: Authors: Tran AK, Pearce A, López-Sánchez M, Pérez-Jurado LA, Barnett C Abstract Although lentigines are usually benign, they can be associated with a number of genetic syndromes in which neoplasms and other multi-system pathological processes occur. Here, we report the case of a 6-year-old girl who presented with atypical lentiginosis and hyperpigmentation...
Tue Sep 10, 2019 14:36
Related ArticlesA National Hospital-Based Study of Hospitalized Patients With Primary Biliary Cholangitis. Hepatol Commun. 2019 Sep;3(9):1250-1257 Authors: Manno V, Gerussi A, Carbone M, Minelli G, Taruscio D, Conti S, Invernizzi P Abstract Epidemiological studies on primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) have been based primarily on tertiary referral case series. We aimed to estimate the incidence and prevalence and describe comorbidities in hospitalized...
Tue Sep 10, 2019 14:36
Related ArticlesPathways to Endocrine Therapy Resistance in Breast Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2019;10:573 Authors: Haque MM, Desai KV Abstract Breast cancers with positive expression of Estrogen Receptor (ER+) are treated with anti-hormone/endocrine therapy which targets the activity of the receptor, the half-life of the receptor or the availability of estrogen. This has significantly decreased mortality in women with ER+ breast cancer, however,...
Tue Sep 10, 2019 14:36
Related ArticlesSpotlight on telotristat ethyl for the treatment of carcinoid syndrome diarrhea: patient selection and reported outcomes. Cancer Manag Res. 2019;11:7537-7556 Authors: Saavedra C, Barriuso J, McNamara MG, Valle JW, Lamarca A Abstract Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare cancers with an associated prolonged survival in some patients. A proportion of patients diagnosed with NETs will present with carcinoid syndrome symptoms, characterized...
Tue Sep 10, 2019 14:36
Related ArticlesModified Radical Mastectomy for Male Breast Cancer. Am J Case Rep. 2019 Sep 09;20:1336-1339 Authors: Al Awayshih MM, Nofal MN, Yousef AJ Abstract BACKGROUND Cancer of the male breast is a rare malignancy comprising less than 1% of all male cancers. The traditional surgical management for male breast cancer is modified radical mastectomy. Other surgical methods such as breast conserving surgery with or without sentinel lymph node biopsy...
Tue Sep 10, 2019 13:05
Related ArticlesChildhood Sarcoidosis mimicking Tuberculosis:A case report. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2019 Jul 18;52:e20180229 Authors: Wanderley NRS, Gomes MAF, Medeiros LLC, Lobo FPD, Lima CBF, Monteiro MGL, Luz KG Abstract Sarcoidosis is a rare multisystem chronic inflammatory disease in children. We present a case of a five-year-old child with clinical features mimicking several diseases, including tuberculosis. After failure of treatment based on...
Tue Sep 10, 2019 13:05
Related ArticlesLeukemia Stem Cells in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2019;1143:191-215 Authors: Shan Y, DeSouza N, Qiu Q, Li S Abstract Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal myeloproliferative disorder characterized by a chromosome translocation that generates the BCR-ABL oncogene encoding a constitutively activated tyrosine kinase. Although BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are highly effective in treating CML at chronic...
Tue Sep 10, 2019 13:05
Related ArticlesCellular and Molecular State of Myeloid Leukemia Stem Cells. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2019;1143:41-57 Authors: Xie X, Feng M, Wang Q, Wang J, Yin R, Li Y, Zhang H Abstract Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) are leukemia-initiating population with the capacity to self-renew, differentiate, and stay quiescent. Human hematopoietic malignancies such as chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are derived from this cell population....
Tue Sep 10, 2019 13:05
Related ArticlesBleeding Disorders Associated with Cancer. Cancer Treat Res. 2019;179:191-203 Authors: Mantha S Abstract Cancer can be associated with several distinct coagulation defects which can lead to bleeding complications. The primary hyperfibrinolytic syndrome associated with acute promyelocytic leukemia has been well recognized and is one of the most severe bleeding disorders. Acquired hemophilia, while rare and not only seen in the oncology...
Tue Sep 10, 2019 13:05
Related ArticlesEtiology and Management of Upper-Extremity Catheter-Related Thrombosis in Cancer Patients. Cancer Treat Res. 2019;179:117-137 Authors: Rajasekhar A, Streiff MB Abstract Central venous access devices are a critical instrument in the treatment and supportive care delivery for oncology patients. Catheter-related thrombosis (CRT) is a common complication of central venous access devices in oncology patients. Risk factors for CRT include...
Tue Sep 10, 2019 13:05
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