Abstract Background Recurrent aphthous ulceration (RAU) is the most common oral mucosal disease. Some patients have almost continuous oral ulcers which influence the quality of life. The aim of this study was to observe the efficacy and safety of thalidomide on the recurrence interval of continuous RAU. Methods A randomized controlled clinical trial was designed, and 60 continuous RAU patients were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n=32, taking thalidomide before bed at a dose...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 13:54
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are abundant in eukaryotic transcriptomes and have been linked to various human disorders. However, understanding genetic control of circular RNA expression is in early stages. Here we present the first integrated analysis of circRNAs and genome sequence variation from lymphoblastoid cell lines of the 1000 genomes project. We identified thousands of circRNAs in the RNA-seq data and show their association with local single nucleotide polymorphic sites, referred to as circQTLs,...
Fri Sep 13, 2019 18:56
In glioma patients, the differentiation between tumor progression (TP) and treatment-related changes (TRC) remains challenging. Difficulties in classifying imaging alterations may result in a delay or an unnecessary discontinuation of treatment. Positron emission tomography (PET) using O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl-)-L-tyrosine (18F-FET) has been shown to be a useful tool for detecting TP and TRC. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 127 consecutive patients with WHO grade II-IV glioma who underwent...
Fri Sep 13, 2019 19:08
Rationale: The role of radiation-induced bystander effects in radiation therapy remains unclear. With renewed interest in therapy with alpha-particle emitters, and their potential for sterilizing disseminated tumor cells (DTC), it is critical to determine the contribution of bystander effects to the overall response so they can be leveraged for maximum clinical benefit. Methods: Female Foxn athymic nude mice were administered 0, 50, or 600 kBq/kg 223RaCl2 to create bystander conditions. At...
Fri Sep 13, 2019 19:08
A considerable limitation of current small animal positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging is the low throughput of image acquisitions. Subsequently, to design sufficiently-powered studies, high costs accumulate. Together with Mediso Medical Imaging Systems, a four-bed mouse ‘hotel’ was developed to simultaneously image up to four mice, thereby reducing the cost and maximising radiotracer usage when compared to scans performed with a single mouse bed. Methods: For physiological...
Fri Sep 13, 2019 19:08
PET imaging at late time points post injection (p.i.) may allow tracer clearance from normal tissue and hence improve image contrast and detectability. 55Co is a promising isotope with high positron yield and a long half-life suitable for delayed time point imaging. Here, we compared the three radioconjugates [68Ga]Ga-DOTATATE, [64Cu]Cu-DOTATATE and [55Co]Co-DOTATATE by PET/CT imaging in NOD-SCID mice bearing subcutaneous somatostatin receptor expressing AR42J tumors. Methods: 55Co and 64Cu were...
Fri Sep 13, 2019 19:08
Treatment of patients with advanced medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is still a challenge. For more than 2 decades it is known that cholecystokinine-2 receptor (CCK2R) is a promising target for the treatment of MTC with radiolabeled minigastrin analogues. Unfortunately, kidney toxicity precluded their therapeutic application so far. In 6 consecutive patients we evaluated with advanced 3D dosimetry whether improved minigastrin analogue 177Lu-DOTA-(DGlu)6-Ala-Tyr-Gly-Trp-Nle-Asp-PheNH2 (177Lu-PP-F11N)...
Fri Sep 13, 2019 19:08
Objective: Arteriovenous Malformations (AVMs) have an inherent capacity to form new blood vessels resulting in excessive lesion growth and this is further triggered by the release of angiogenic factors. Gallium-68 (68Ga) labeled arginine-glycine-aspartate tripeptide sequence (RGD) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) imaging (68Ga-RGD PET/CT) may provide insight in the angiogenic and hemodynamic status and treatment response of AVMs. This clinical feasibility study demonstrates...
Fri Sep 13, 2019 19:08
[68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-exendin-4 is a promising tracer for beta cell imaging using PET/CT. Possible applications include pre-operative visualization of insulinomas as well as discrimination between focal and diffuse forms of congenital hyperinsulinism. There is also a significant role for this tracer in extending our knowledge of the role of beta cell mass in the pathophysiology of type 1 and type 2 diabetes by enabling non-invasive quantification of tracer uptake as a measure for beta cell mass. Calculating...
Fri Sep 13, 2019 19:08
Genetic analysis of LIN-12/Notch signaling in C. elegans has provided many insights into human biology. Activating missense mutations in the Negative Regulatory Region (NRR) of the ectodomain of LIN-12/Notch were first described in C. elegans, and similar mutations in human Notch were later found to cause T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). The ubiquitin ligase sel-10/Fbw7 is the prototype of a conserved negative regulator of lin-12/Notch that was first defined by loss-of-function mutations...
Sat Sep 14, 2019 00:41
In the mid-1990s, the population size of Florida panthers became so small that many individuals manifested traits associated with inbreeding depression (e.g., heart failure, cryptorchidism, high pathogen-parasite load). To mitigate these effects, pumas from Texas were introduced into South Florida to augment genetic variation in Florida panthers. In this study, we report a de novo puma genome assembly and annotation after resequencing 10 individual genomes from partial Florida-Texas-F1 trios. The...
Sat Sep 14, 2019 00:41
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are especially toxic DNA lesions that, if left unrepaired, can lead to wide-ranging genomic instability. Of the pathways available to repair DSBs, the most accurate is homologous recombination (HR), where a homologous sequence is used as a donor template to restore genetic information at the break site. While much of the biochemical aspects of HR repair have been characterized, how the repair machinery locates and discriminates between potential homologous donor templates...
Sat Sep 14, 2019 00:41
Under the model of micromutationism, phenotypic divergence between species is caused by accumulation of many small-effect changes. While mapping the causal changes to single nucleotide resolution could be difficult for diverged species, genetic dissection via chimeric constructs allows us to evaluate whether a large-effect gene is composed of many small-effect nucleotide changes. In a previously described non-complementation screen, we found an allele difference of CUP2, a copper-binding transcription...
Sat Sep 14, 2019 00:41
Gamma-rays are the most widely used mutagenic radiation in plant mutation breeding, but detailed characteristics of mutated DNA sequences have not been clarified sufficiently. In contrast, newly introduced physical mutagens, e.g., heavy-ion beams, have attracted geneticists' and breeders' interest and many studies on their mutation efficiency and mutated DNA characteristics have been conducted. In this study, we characterized mutations induced by gamma rays and carbon(C)-ion beams in rice (Oryza...
Sat Sep 14, 2019 00:41
The BH3-only family of proteins is key for initiating apoptosis in a variety of contexts, and may also contribute to non-apoptotic cellular processes. Historically, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has provided a powerful system for studying and identifying conserved regulators of BH3-only proteins. In C. elegans, the BH3-only protein EGL-1 is expressed during development to cell-autonomously trigger most developmental cell deaths. Here we provide evidence that egl-1 is also transcribed after...
Sat Sep 14, 2019 00:41
Thyroid, Ahead of Print.
Fri Sep 13, 2019 10:00
Authors: Kazeem Akano, Bayo Fatunmbi, Godwin Ntadom, Adejumoke I. Ayede, Temitope Aderoyeje, Adewale Bakre, Omobolaji T. Alebiosu, Odafe Akpoborie, Chukwuebuka Okafor, Grace O. Gbotosho, Onikepe A. Folarin, Joy C. Ebenebe, Jose Ambe, Robinson Wammanda, Nma Jiya, Finomo Finomo, George Emechebe, Olugbenga Mokuolu, Chimere Agomo, Stephen Oguche, Christian Happi and Akintunde Sowunmi.<br />Parasite Vol. 26 , page 56<br />Published online: 13/09/2019<br /> Keywords: ...
Fri Sep 13, 2019 03:00
Authors: Kazeem Akano, Bayo Fatunmbi, Godwin Ntadom, Adejumoke I. Ayede, Temitope Aderoyeje, Adewale Bakre, Omobolaji T. Alebiosu, Odafe Akpoborie, Chukwuebuka Okafor, Grace O. Gbotosho, Onikepe A. Folarin, Joy C. Ebenebe, Jose Ambe, Robinson Wammanda, Nma Jiya, Finomo Finomo, George Emechebe, Olugbenga Mokuolu, Chimere Agomo, Stephen Oguche, Christian Happi and Akintunde Sowunmi.Parasite Vol. 26 , page 56Published online: 13/09/2019 Keywords: Persistent early-appearing anaemia...
Fri Sep 13, 2019 03:00
Abstract Background Despite the promise of immunotherapy for gastric adenocarcinoma, choices for the selection of effective antigenic targets are very limited. Previously published data and our own in-house computational analysis have suggested that ANTXR1 is a potential target, simultaneously expressed in malignant tumor cells and the endothelial cells of the tumors. However, the expression pattern of ANTXR1 protein in clinical samples...
Sat Sep 14, 2019 03:00
Future Oncology, Ahead of Print.
Fri Sep 13, 2019 05:01
Future Oncology, Ahead of Print.
Fri Sep 13, 2019 12:18
Abstract Background More than 70% of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive children sustain respiratory diseases in their lifetime. Imaging plays an important role in establishing early and correct diagnosis. Objective To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of 3-Tesla (T) thorax MRI in HIV-positive children, using chest CT as the gold standard. ...
Fri Sep 13, 2019 03:00
Abstract Background Growth recovery lines are radiodense lines in long bones reported to be indicators of stress. Objective The purpose of this study was to understand the distribution, quantity and associations of growth recovery lines in children ages 0–24 months with high and low risk for child maltreatment. ...
Sat Sep 14, 2019 03:00
Abstract This study aims to investigate acceptance of vaginal self-sampling for high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) among long-term screening non-attenders at increased cervical cancer risk and to identify leverage points to promote screening adherence among these women. Forty-three long-term screening non-attenders performed home vaginal self-sampling for HPV, had positive HPV results, and subsequently attended gynecologic examination. Sixteen (37.2%) had high-grade cervical...
Sat Sep 14, 2019 03:00
Journal of International Medical Research, Ahead of Print.
Fri Sep 13, 2019 12:02
Journal of International Medical Research, Ahead of Print.
Fri Sep 13, 2019 12:58
Journal of International Medical Research, Ahead of Print.
Fri Sep 13, 2019 13:04
Journal of International Medical Research, Ahead of Print.
Fri Sep 13, 2019 13:13
Journal of International Medical Research, Ahead of Print.
Fri Sep 13, 2019 14:30
AbstractOlfactory neuronal function depends on the expression and proper regulation of odorant receptor (OR) genes. Previous studies have identified 54 putative intergenic enhancers within or flanking 40 mouse OR clusters. At least 2 of these putative enhancers have been shown to regulate the expression of a small subset of proximal OR genes. In recognition of the large size of the mouse OR gene family (~1400 OR genes distributed across multiple chromosomal loci), it is likely that there remain many...
Sat Sep 14, 2019 03:00
Summary Cataracts are the leading cause of blindness and visual disability worldwide. Of the known contributing factors to this condition, ionising radiation is considered the primary concern in a radiological context given the particular radiosensitivity of the lens of the eye. In light of the substantially increased application of computed tomography in brain imaging, an investigation of the relevent literature is warranted to assess thresholds, lens radiation doses and dose reduction techniques...
Fri Sep 13, 2019 18:52
Abstract Introduction To investigate whether the implantation of a hydrogel spacer (SpaceOAR) reduces long‐term rectal toxicity for prostate cancer patients treated with intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). Methods Patients with localised prostate cancer treated with 81 Gy in 45 fx of IMRT over 9 weeks were retrospectively compared: 65 patients with SpaceOAR and 56 patients without SpaceOAR. Planning aims restricted rectal doses to V40 Gy < 35%, V65 Gy < 17%, V75 Gy < 10%....
Fri Sep 13, 2019 18:54
Antibodies directed against programmed death receptor 1 emerged as beneficial immune-checkpoint inhibitor therapy in many different types of cancer. However, programmed death receptor 1 is critical in promoting self-tolerance and the most common toxicities of checkpoint inhibitors are immune-related adverse events. We present a 48-year-old woman affected by metastatic uveal melanoma treated with nivolumab (3 mg/kg every 2 weeks). The patient had no previous history of autoimmune disease or dermatologic...
Sat Sep 14, 2019 09:56
Hypoxia has crucial roles in cancer development and progression. Our previous study indicated that cell migration was increased in a hypoxic microenvironment in GBC-SD gallbladder cancer (GBC) cells. Oridonin, a bioactive diterpenoid compound that is isolated from the plant Rabdosia rubescens, has been identified as an anticancer agent in various types of cancer. However, its roles in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration in a hypoxic microenvironment and the associated regulatory mechanisms...
Sat Sep 14, 2019 09:56
Malignant gastrointestinal neuroectodermal tumour is an extremely rare neoplasm that arises in the wall of the small bowel, stomach or large bowel in young-aged and middle-aged adults. Histologically, it is generally characterized by monomorphic cells with clear cytoplasma, S-100 protein expression, and EWSR1 gene translocation. To the best of our knowledge, we describe for the first time, the case of a young woman with a diagnosis of metastatic gastrointestinal neuroectodermal tumour arising from...
Sat Sep 14, 2019 09:56
Previous studies have shown that microRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of ovarian carcinoma (OC). However, the abnormal expression and function of miR-342-3p have not been reported in OC. Therefore, this research was designed to explore its role in OC. In this study, qRT-PCR assay showed that the expression level of miR-342-3p was reduced in OC tissues and cell lines. Functionally, Transwell assay suggested that overexpression of miR-342-3p suppressed cell migration and invasion in OC. In addition,...
Sat Sep 14, 2019 09:56
Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (Peg-Dox) treatment resulted in a good outcome for patients with lymphoma and multiple myeloma, with reduced cardiotoxicity and an improved pharmacokinetic profile when compared to those of conventional doxorubicin. However, the use of Peg-Dox in myeloid neoplasms remains poorly studied. In this study, we first tested the role of Peg-Dox in the killing of myeloid cell lines and of primary myeloid leukemia cells. Then, a Peg-Dox-based protocol was used to treat patients...
Sat Sep 14, 2019 09:56
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