Τετάρτη 25 Μαρτίου 2020


Cytomegalovirus in Adult Allogeneic Blood and Marrow Transplant Patients Before or Around the Period of Neutrophil Recovery: A Single-Center, Retrospective, Descriptive Study
AbstractBackgroundFew reports exist on pre-engraftment cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNAemia in allogeneic blood or marrow transplant (allo BMT) recipients. We describe this clinical entity, its management, and the potential effect of 3 different quantitative CMV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) tests used during the 6-year study period. MethodsWe performed a retrospective, single-center study of allo BMT recipients from 2010 to 2015 who developed CMV DNAemia before neutrophil recovery (absolute neutrophil count...
Open Forum Infectious Diseases - current issue
9h
Relapsing Uveitis due to Human T-lymphotropic Virus Type 1 in a Patient Living With HIV Diagnosed by Metagenomic Deep Sequencing
AbstractHIV infection can result in vision loss from different causes, including HIV retinopathy and uveitis secondary to other infections, such as toxoplasmosis and viral retinitis. It is imperative to identify any infectious causes of uveitis to successfully treat the condition and prevent further vision loss. Metagenomic deep sequencing (MDS) is an emerging technology that presents an unbiased approach to the evaluation of clinical syndromes, including uveitis, that have not been diagnosed by...
Open Forum Infectious Diseases - current issue
9h
In-Hospital Illicit Drug Use and Patient-Directed Discharge: Barriers to Care for Patients With Injection-Related Infections
AbstractBackgroundHospitalized persons who inject drugs are at a greater risk of adverse hospital outcomes including discharge against medical advice, inpatient illicit drug use, overdose, and death. However, there are limited data on the frequency and outcomes of these events in the United States.MethodsThis retrospective analysis included patients with injection-related infections receiving a protocol for injection drug use (IDU) at University of Alabama at Birmingham Hospital from 2016 to 2017....
Open Forum Infectious Diseases - current issue
9h
Assessing Hepatitis B Reactivation Risk With Rituximab and Recent Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy
AbstractHepatitis B reactivation (HBR) is a complication of immunosuppression associated with significant morbidity and mortality. To further complicate interpretation of hepatitis B serologies, false positivity can occur in patients with recent intravenous immunoglobulin exposure. This scenario is not well recognized and may lead to inappropriate prescribing of HBR prophylaxis.
Open Forum Infectious Diseases - current issue
9h
Treatment of Staphylococcal Device Infections: Synergistic Daptomycin With Ceftaroline Versus Rifampin-Adjunct Therapy
This is a single-center retrospective observational cohort study comparing daptomycin/ceftaroline combination therapy with rifampin-adjunct therapy for the treatment of staphylococcal device infections. The results of this study support use of the daptomycin/ceftaroline as an alternative or salvage option to standard of care.
Open Forum Infectious Diseases - current issue
9h
End-of-Therapy Echocardiography May Not Be Needed in All in Patients With Endocarditis
AbstractBackgroundThe American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines for infective endocarditis (IE) management recommend end-of-therapy (EOT) echocardiography (ETE) to “establish a new baseline” and based on “expert opinion.”MethodsMedical records of IE patients treated between January 2005 and December 2011 were reviewed. Utilization of ETE and cumulative incidence of re-treatment with antimicrobials or cardiovascular surgery (re-Rx/CVS) within 1 year after EOT were evaluated.ResultsA total of 243...
Open Forum Infectious Diseases - current issue
9h
Influenza and Bacterial Coinfection in Adults With Community-Acquired Pneumonia Admitted to Conventional Wards: Risk Factors, Clinical Features, and Outcomes
AbstractBackgroundRelevance of viral and bacterial coinfection (VBC) in non-intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalized adults with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is poorly characterized. We aim to determine risk factors, features, and outcomes of VBC-CAP in this setting.MethodsThis is a prospective cohort of adults admitted to conventional wards with CAP. Patients were divided into VBC-CAP, viral CAP (V-CAP), and bacterial CAP (B-CAP) groups. Independent risk and prognostic factors for VBC-CAP were...
Open Forum Infectious Diseases - current issue
9h
Performance of the T2Candida Panel for the Diagnosis of Intra-abdominal Candidiasis
AbstractPerformance of T2Candida for detecting intra-abdominal candidiasis (IAC) was assessed in 48 high-risk patients. T2Candida sensitivity/specificity and positive/negative predictive values were 33%/93% and 71%/74%, respectively. IAC was present in 100% of cases with concordant positive T2Candida/1,3-beta-d-glucan and absent in 90% of concordant negative results. Combination T2Candida/1,3-beta-d-glucan may help guide treatment decisions.
Open Forum Infectious Diseases - current issue
9h
Antibiotic Treatment Failure and Associated Outcomes Among Adult Patients With Community-Acquired Pneumonia in the Outpatient Setting: A Real-world US Insurance Claims Database Study
AbstractBackgroundAntibiotic treatment failure is common among patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) who are managed in the outpatient setting and is associated with higher mortality and increased health care costs. This study’s objectives were to quantify the occurrence of antibiotic treatment failure (ATF) and to evaluate clinical and economic outcomes between CAP patients who experienced ATF relative to those who did not.MethodsRetrospective analysis of the MarketScan Commercial &...
Open Forum Infectious Diseases - current issue
9h
The Mystery of “Metal Mouth” in Chemotherapy
AbstractOf all the oral sensations that are experienced, “metallic” is one that is rarely reported in healthy participants. So why, then, do chemotherapy patients so frequently report that “metallic” sensations overpower and interfere with their enjoyment of food and drink? This side-effect of chemotherapy—often referred to (e.g., by patients) as “metal mouth”—can adversely affect their appetite, resulting in weight loss, which potentially endangers (or at the very least slows) their recovery. The...
Chemical Senses - current issue
9h
XXIXth Annual Meeting of the European Chemoreception Research Organization, ECRO 2019The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy, 11–14 September, 2019 Organizers: Anna Menini, Paolo Gasparini and Antonio Celani
Chemical Senses - current issue
9h
Articles highlighted
Chemical Senses - current issue
9h
Combined Therapy for Alzheimer’s Disease: Tacrine and PAMAM Dendrimers Co-Administration Reduces the Side Effects of the Drug without Modifying its Activity
Abstract Alzheimer’s disease has become a public health priority, so an investigation of new therapies is required. Tacrine (TAC) was licensed for treatments; however, its oral administration caused hepatotoxicity, so it is essential to reduce the side effects. PAMAM dendrimer generation 4.0 and 4.5 (DG4.0 and DG4.5) can be used as drug delivery systems and as nanodrugs per se. Our work aims to propose a combined therapy based on TAC and PAMAM dendrimer co-administration. TAC...
Latest Results for AAPS PharmSciTech
9h
Lyophilisation Improves Bioactivity and Stability of Insulin-Loaded Polymeric-Oligonucleotide Nanoparticles for Diabetes Treatment
Abstract The oral bioavailability of therapeutic proteins is limited by the gastrointestinal barriers. Encapsulation of labile proteins into nanoparticles is a promising strategy. In order to improve the stability of nanoparticles, lyophilisation has been used to remove water molecules from the suspension. Although various cryoprotections were employed in the preparation of lyophilised nanoparticles, the selection of cryoprotectant type and concentration in majority of the developed...
Latest Results for AAPS PharmSciTech
11h
Transdermal Delivery of the Free Base of 3-Fluoroamphetamine: In Vitro Skin Permeation and Irritation Potential
Abstract This work aimed to continue our effort in establishing the feasibility of 3-fluoroamphetamine (also known as PAL-353) to be a transdermal drug candidate by studying the delivery of the base form through the human cadaver skin in lieu of the previously investigated salt form, and for the first time using an EPIDERM™–reconstructed human epidermal model to predict the skin irritation potential of PAL-353, in support of development for a matrix-type transdermal delivery...
Latest Results for AAPS PharmSciTech
11h
Perspectives in HPV Secondary Screening and Personalized Therapy Basing on Our Understanding of HPV-Related Carcinogenesis Pathways
As cervical cancer is one of the most common malignancies in women worldwide even with present screening methods, the incidence in most developed countries is not decreasing for the last 15-20 years. A shift has been observed in the age of diagnosis in favour of younger women, and treatment of already developed cervical cancer is a challenge for surgeons. It is imperative to find new diagnostic methods for accurately pointing out patients at high risk of developing malignant disease and developing...
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
9h
Bone Mineral Density and Risk of Osteoporotic Fractures in Women with Parkinson’s Disease
Osteoporosis and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are two important age-related diseases, which have an influence on pain, physical activity, disability, and mortality. The aim of this research was to study the parameters of bone mineral density (BMD), frequency, and 10-year probability of osteoporotic fractures (OFs) in females with Parkinson’s disease (PD). We have examined 113 postmenopausal women aged 50–74 years old which were divided into 2 groups (I, control group (CG), n = 53 and II, subjects with...
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
9h
Hepatoprotective Activity of BV-7310, a Proprietary Herbal Formulation of Phyllanthus niruri, Tephrosia purpurea, Boerhavia diffusa, and Andrographis paniculata, in Alcohol-Induced HepG2 Cells and Alcohol plus a Haloalkane, CCl4, Induced Liver Damage in Rats
Excessive alcohol consumption is a worldwide threat with severe morbidity and mortality. Other than abstinence, there is still no FDA-approved drug for alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Liver is the primary site of ethanol metabolism and hence gets the most damage from excessive drinking. It triggers multiple signalling events including inflammation, leading to an array of hepatic lesions like steatosis, hepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Similarly, when medications or xenobiotic compounds are ingested...
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
9h
Bioactivities and Future Perspectives of Chaetoglobosins
Chaetoglobosins belonging to cytochalasan alkaloids represent a large class of fungal secondary metabolites. To date, around 100 chaetoglobosins and their analogues have been isolated and identified over the years from a variety of fungi, mainly from the fungus Chaetomium globosum. Studies have found that chaetoglobosins possess a broad range of biological activities, including antitumor, antifungal, phytotoxic, fibrinolytic, antibacterial, nematicidal, anti-inflammatory, and anti-HIV activities....
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
9h
Intrahepatic Type II Gall Bladder Perforation Secondary to Acute Acalculous Cholecystitis
Gall bladder perforation is a rare but serious complication of acute cholecystitis. Gall bladder perforations commonly occur in patients with comorbidities and in association with gall stones. We report a rare occurrence of intrahepatic type II perforation of the gall bladder in a previously healthy elderly male with acalculous cholecystitis. Lack of early positive findings related to clinical assessment, laboratory workup, and imaging resulted in a challenging diagnosis. High degree of clinical...
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
9h
Total Pancreatectomy for Malignant Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm (IPMN) Complicated by Gastropancreatic Fistulae
Background. Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) of the pancreas complicated by fistula formation to adjacent organs are an uncommon phenomenon. We present an IPMN of the pancreas with malignant transformation and multiple fistulae to the stomach and duodenum. Case Presentation. A 50-year-old female was referred for investigation of recent epigastric pain and a past history of recurrent pancreatitis. Imaging with computed tomography showed a gross dilatation of the entire pancreatic duct...
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
10h
Association between Resting Energy Expenditure and Heat Pattern in Traditional Medicine
Many symptoms of heat pattern (HP) in traditional medicine are related to thermoregulation; however, research on the association between energy expenditure characteristics and HP is limited. We aimed to study the association between HP and resting energy expenditure (REE). A total of 109 participants were divided into the HP and non-HP groups based on a self-administered questionnaire and their REE was measured using an indirect calorimeter. Multiple logistic regression models were used to calculate...
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
10h
Experimental Investigation on Seismic Behaviours of Reinforced Concrete Columns under Simulated Acid Rain Environment
The purpose of this paper was to systematically investigate the influence of acid rain environments on the seismic behaviour of a reinforced concrete (RC) column. Six RC column specimens with shear span ratios of 2.84 were tested under low cyclic reversed loads after being subjected to accelerated corrosion tests in an artificial climate. The corrosion level and stirrup ratio were used as the control variables. The corrosion ratios of the longitudinal rebars ranged from 0 to 13.17%, and the corrosion...
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
10h
Seismic Performance Evaluation of RC Frame Designed Using Ethiopian and Chinese Seismic Codes
This study presents the seismic performance evaluation of the reinforced concrete (RC) frame designed as per Ethiopian (based on EN1998-1) and Chinese seismic codes to realize best practices within them. In the study, three-model RC frames with 4-, 8-, and 12-story are designed with the respective codes. Then, their seismic performances are evaluated using the nonlinear static (pushover) procedures of FEMA 356 and ATC 40 provisions. To validate the analysis result, dynamic nonlinear time history...
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
10h
Design of the Supporting Structures for Large and Unusually Shaped Foundation Pit near the Yangtze River
A large underground transportation hub is located on the west side of the Nanjing Youth Olympic Center, which is close to the embankment of the Yangtze River. The near-surface primarily comprises newly deposited soft soil of considerable thickness; the lower part is a riverbed-phase sandy soil containing two confined aquifers. The foundation pit requires deep excavation and has unusual shapes of “pit in pit” and “pit leaning pit.” For the convenience and safety of excavation, the piezometric head...
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
10h
M1 Polarization but Anti-LPS-Induced Inflammation and Anti-MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Growth Effects of Five Selected Polysaccharides
Five potential polysaccharides from guava seed (GSPS), common buckwheat (CBPS), bitter buckwheat (BBPS), red Formosa lambsquarters (RFLPS), and yellow Formosa lambsquarters (YFLPS) were selected to measure their effects on mouse peritoneal macrophages in the absence or presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Macrophage-conditioned media (MCM) in the absence or presence of 5 selected polysaccharides were prepared to treat MCF-7 cells. The cell viability was determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-diphenyl)-2,5-tetrazolium...
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
10h
A Harmonic Impedance Estimation Method Based on the Cauchy Mixed Model
In this paper, a new method without any tradition assumption to estimate the utility harmonic impedance of a point of common coupling (PCC) is proposed. But, the existing estimation methods usually are built on some assumptions, such as, the background harmonic is stable and small, the harmonic impedance of the customer side is much larger than that of utility side, and the harmonic sources of both sides are independent. However these assumptions are unpractical to modern power grid, which causes...
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
10h
Critical Care Admission of an HIV Patient with Diabetic Ketoacidosis Secondary to Pembrolizumab
Background. Pembrolizumab is a checkpoint inhibitor that targets the programmed cell death-1 receptor (PD-1) and has shown to be effective against several malignancies, including lung cancer. However, life-threatening immune-related adverse events can result from these immunotherapy treatments. Case presentation. A 62-year-old man with HIV, metastatic adenocarcinoma of the lung, and no previous history of diabetes presented to the emergency department with new-onset nausea, vomiting, and generalized...
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
10h
Synchronization Analysis of Complex Dynamical Networks Subject to Delayed Impulsive Disturbances
This paper studies the problem of leader-following synchronization for complex networks subject to delayed impulsive disturbances, where two kinds of time delays considered exist in internal complex networks and impulsive disturbances. Some delay-dependent sufficient criteria are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) by using the delayed impulsive differential inequality method. Moreover, a feedback controller is designed to realize desired synchronization via the established LMIs....
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
10h
Pain Relieving Effect of Intraoperative Chemical Splanchnicectomy of Celiac Ganglions in Patients with Resectable Pancreatic or Gastric Masses: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Background. Trials of intraoperative chemical splanchnicectomy during resection of pancreatic and gastric masses resulted in significant difference in a patient’s postoperative pain. This study aims to determine if splanchnicectomy by alcohol neurolysis can relieve postoperative pain after gastrectomy and Whipple surgery. The study explores differences in outcomes at first four months after surgery. Methods. Fifty-eight patients with gastric and 60 patients with pancreatic resectable masses were...
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
10h
Improved Distributed Event-Triggered Control for Networked Control System under Random Cyberattacks via Bessel–Legendre Inequalities
The stability problem of networked control system (NCS) with cyberattacks and processing delay is considered under an event-triggered scheme. An improved distributed event-triggered mechanism is proposed, which optimizes the performance of system dynamics and decreases the network transmission load simultaneously. By means of Bessel–Legendre inequality method and constructing an active Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional, a series of larger upper bounds of delay are obtained corresponding to the order...
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
10h
Association of Serum PSP/REG Iα with Renal Function in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Purpose. Pancreatic stone protein/regenerating protein I (PSP/REG Iα) is a secretory protein mainly detected in the pancreas. Recent studies revealed increased serum PSP/REG Iα levels may reflect renal dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to detect the relationship between PSP/REG Iα and renal function in subjects with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted at Zhongda Hospital, affiliated with Southeast University in China. Serum PSP/REG...
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
10h
Primary Cutaneous CD30+ Anaplastic Large T Cell Lymphoma in a Patient Treated with Cyclosporine for Actinic Reticuloid
Actinic reticuloid (AR)—a subtype of chronic actinic dermatitis—clinically and histopathologically shows lymphoma-like features. We report a male patient initially diagnosed with erythrodermic cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) who developed severe broadband photosensitivity. Clinical evaluation, histopathology, and phototesting were consistent with AR. The patient was treated with cyclosporine 150–300 mg/d. Under this therapy, he developed several times primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphomas...
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
10h
Impact of Single and Combined Faults Composed of Rotor Eccentricity and Stator Interturn Short Circuit on Electromagnetic Torque Ripples in Synchronous Generator
In order to comprehensively study and identify the electromagnetic torque (EMT) difference among the single static air-gap eccentricity (SAGE) fault, the single stator interturn short circuit fault (SISC), and the combined fault composed of these two, this article investigates the EMT ripple properties due to the mentioned three faults. Different from other studies, this paper considers not only the effect of the single fault types but also the impact of the single fault combinations on the EMT ripple...
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
10h
Metabolomic Analysis Reveals That the Mechanism of Astaxanthin Improves the Osteogenic Differentiation Potential in Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells
At present, little research has been done on the metabolic phenotype of the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into osteoblasts. In this study, the effect of astaxanthin on improving osteogenic differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells was studied by metabolomics. Results showed that L-methionine, L-tyrosine, and 2-hydroxycinnamic acid were upregulated in MSCs treated with astaxanthin, while L-lysine, L-pipecolic acid, L-histidine, L-arginine, D-fructose, and L-aspartic acid...
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
10h
Change in Viability and Function of Pancreatic Islets after Coculture with Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis
Background. There is no clear consensus on the effect of coculture of islets with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on islet function and viability. Methods. We conducted a meta-analysis of relevant studies to evaluate the effect of coculture of islets with MSCs on the function and viability of islets, both in vitro and in vivo. We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases for all relevant studies that compared the effect of coculture of islets with MSCs on the function and viability of islets...
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
10h
Effects of Saccharides from Arctium lappa L. Root on FeCl3-Induced Arterial Thrombosis via the ERK/NF-κB Signaling Pathway
Saccharides from Arctium lappa. L. root (ALR-S) is a high-purity fructosaccharide separated from the medicinal plant Arctium lappa. L. root. These compounds showed many pharmacological effects in previous studies. In the present study, the antithrombotic effects of ALR-S in arterial thrombosis via inhibiting platelet adhesion and rebalancing thrombotic and antithrombotic factor expression and secretion were found in rats and human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). This study also showed that inhibition...
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
10h
Influence of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Pregnant Adolescents on Preterm Birth and Chorioamnionitis
Background. Adolescents have an increased risk of preterm birth (PTB) and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). We examined the prevalence and impact of STIs (gonorrhea, chlamydia, and trichomonas) on PTB and chorioamnionitis in pregnant adolescents. Methods. This retrospective cohort study utilized the first pregnancy delivered at an urban hospital among old over a 5-year period. Poisson regression with robust standard errors was used to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals...
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
10h
Feasibility Aspects of Exploring Exercise-Induced Neuroplasticity in Parkinson’s Disease: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Background. Recent studies indicate that exercise can induce neuroplastic changes in people with Parkinson’s disease (PwPD). Reports of feasibility outcomes from existing pilot trials however are, of date, insufficient to enable replication by others in larger definitive trials. Objective. To evaluate trial design for a definitive trial by exploring process and scientific feasibility. Methods. The trial design was a parallel-group RCT pilot with a 1 : 1 allocation ratio to either HiBalance or an...
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
10h

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