ObjectiveWe aimed to examine relationship between hours lying down per day, as a proxy for sedentary behaviour and risk of diabetes in young and middle-aged adults, and to assess if leisure-time physical activity and body mass index (BMI) modified this relationship. DesignA population-based prospective cohort study. SettingNord-Trøndelag, Norway. ParticipantsThe cohort included 17 058 diabetes-free adults, at an age of 20–55 years in 1995–1997, who were followed-up to 2006–2008. Primary outcome...
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IntroductionInjuries of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) are a common musculoskeletal complication and can cause significant reduction in patient function and quality of life. Many undergo ACL reconstruction, with high-quality rehabilitation key to successful outcome. Knowledge of physical prognostic factors, such as quadriceps strength, is crucial to inform rehabilitation and has important implications for outcome following ACL reconstruction. However, these factors predicting outcome are poorly...
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ObjectivesIdentify causes and future trends underpinning Scottish mortality improvements and quantify the relative contributions of disease incidence and survival. DesignPopulation-based study. SettingLinked secondary care and mortality records across Scotland. Participants1 967 130 individuals born between 1905 and 1965 and resident in Scotland from 2001 to 2016. Main outcome measuresHospital admission rates and survival within 5 years postadmission for 28 diseases, stratified by sex and...
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IntroductionEye diseases and visual impairment more commonly affect elderly adults, thus, the majority of ophthalmic cohort studies have focused on older adults. Cohort studies on the ocular health of younger adults, on the other hand, have been few. The Raine Study is a longitudinal study that has been following a cohort since their birth in 1989–1991. As part of the 20-year follow-up of the Raine Study, participants underwent a comprehensive eye examination. As part of the 27- and 28-year follow-ups,...
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ObjectivesTo describe the results of a mapping review exploring the coverage of unwanted treatment effects in systematic reviews of the effects of various treatments for moderate to severe depression in children and adolescents. SettingAny context or service providing treatment for depression, including interventions delivered in local communities and school settings, as well as services provided in primary or specialist care. ParticipantsChildren and young people with moderate to severe depression...
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Rao R, Bakolis I, Das-Munshi J, et al. Alcohol consumption of UK members of parliament: cross-sectional survey. BMJ Open 2020;10:e034929. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034929 This article was previously published with an error. Affiliations of authors should be: Rahul Rao1, Ioannis Bakolis2, Jayati Das-Munshi3, Daniel Poulter4, Nicole Votruba5, and Graham Thornicroft5 1Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK 2Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics/Centre...
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IntroductionSubarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) from a ruptured cerebral aneurysm carries high morbidity and mortality. Despite huge advances in techniques to secure the aneurysm, there has been little progress in the treatment of the deleterious effects of the haemorrhage. Sulforaphane is an Nrf2 inducer with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It has been shown to improve clinical outcome in experimental models of SAH, but is unstable. SFX-01 (Evgen Pharma) is a novel composition comprised...
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Context and objectivesNeighbourhood effect research on obesity took off in the early 2000s and was composed of mostly cross-sectional observational studies interested in various characteristics of the built environment and the socioeconomic environment. To limit biases related to self-selection and life course exposures, many researchers apply longitudinal designs in their studies. Until now, no review has specifically and exclusively examined longitudinal studies and the specific designs of these...
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IntroductionThe prevalence of haemorrhoidal diseases was high in general population, and many treatments are proposed for the management of haemorrhoids. The treatments include conservative and surgical interventions; the credibility and strength of current evidence of their effectiveness are not comprehensively evaluated. We aim to evaluate the credibility of systematic reviews and meta-analyses that assess the effectiveness of the treatments for haemorrhoidal diseases through an umbrella review....
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ObjectiveVerbal face-to-face feedback on clinical task performance is a fundamental component of health professions education. Experts argue that feedback is critical for performance improvement, but the evidence is limited. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the effect of face-to-face verbal feedback from a health professional, compared with alternative or no feedback, on the objective workplace task performance of another health professional. DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis....
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IntroductionNatural experiments are considered a priority for examining causal associations between the built environment (BE) and physical activity (PA) because the randomised controlled trial design is rarely feasible. Few natural experiments have examined the effects of walking and cycling infrastructure on PA and active transport in adults, and none have examined the effects of such changes on PA and active transport to school among adolescents. We conducted the Built Environment and Active Transport...
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IntroductionThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of peer support on patient anxiety during the perioperative period of coronary angiography or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods and analysisWe will search the following databases (PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Clinicaltrials.gov, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, Google Scholar, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Science and Technology Periodicals Database,...
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ObjectivesThis study aimed to examine the factors influencing patient safety behaviours and to explore health customers’ experiences of patient participation in the healthcare system. DesignA mixed-method sequential explanatory design was employed using a survey and focus group interviews with health consumers. SettingThe study was conducted in South Korea using an online survey tool. ParticipantsSurvey data were collected from 493 Korean adults, aged 19 years or older, who had visited hospitals...
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IntroductionPersistence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) into adolescence is a significant burden to patients. Clinical guidelines recommend non-pharmacological therapies, but the evidence to support this recommendation is sparse. This study aims to evaluate the effect of a 12-week group cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) programme for adolescents with ADHD aged 14–18 years, who still have impairing symptoms after treatment with medication. We will study the effect of the treatment...
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ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the combined effects of arterial hypertension, bicuspid aortic valve disease (BAVD) and age on the distensibility of the ascending and descending aortas in patients with aortic coarctation. DesignCross-sectional study. SettingThe study was conducted at two university medical centres, located in Berlin and London. ParticipantsA total of 121 patients with aortic coarctation (ages 1–71 years) underwent cardiac MRI, echocardiography and blood pressure measurements....
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ObjectivesTo examine and synthesise current evidence on the factors that affect recruitment, retention, participation and progression within the clinical academic pathway, focusing on equitable participation across protected characteristics including gender, ethnicity and sexual orientation. DesignScoping review and meta-thematic synthesis. Data sourcesWeb of Science, Google Scholar. Article selectionWe conducted a scoping review of English language articles on factors affecting recruitment,...
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ObjectiveTo describe the evolution of the burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Mexico by states, sex and subtypes from 1990 to 2017. DesignSecondary data analysis based on the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2017. ParticipantsMexico and its 32 states. Data were publicly available and de-identified and individuals were not involved. MethodsWe analysed age-standardised mortality rates, years of life lost (YLL) due to premature death, years lived with disability (YLD) and disability-adjusted...
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ObjectivesThe administration of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) to patients with metastatic prostate cancer might be associated with some adverse effects such as anaemia; however, few studies have been performed in East Asian populations. This study aimed to investigate the association between ADT and iron-deficiency anaemia (IDA) among patients with prostate cancer in a population-based nationwide cohort. DesignCohort study. SettingTaiwan. ParticipantsData for the cohort study were retrieved...
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IntroductionThe anatomic variants of congenital heart disease (CHD) are multiple. The increased survival of these patients and disposition into communities has led to an increase in their acute presentation to non-CHD experts in primary care clinics and emergency departments. Given the vulnerability and fragility of these patients in the face of acute illness, new clinical decision support systems (CDSS) are urgently needed to better translate the best practice recommendations for the care of these...
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IntroductionIn April 2019, 14 children were diagnosed with HIV infection by a private healthcare provider in Larkana district, Sindh province, Pakistan. Over the next 3 months, 930 individuals were diagnosed with HIV, >80% below 16 years, the largest ever outbreak of HIV in children in Pakistan. In this protocol paper, we describe research methods for assessing likely modes of HIV transmission in this outbreak and investigate spatial and molecular epidemiology. Methods and analysisA matched...
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ObjectivesTo assess delays to antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation before and after the Universal Test and Treat (UTT) and the same-day initiation (SDI) of ART policy periods in Johannesburg, South Africa. DesignProspective cohort study. SettingPatients were recruited from six primary health clinics in Johannesburg. ParticipantsOverall, 1029 newly diagnosed HIV positive adults (≥18 years) were consecutively enrolled by referral from the testing counsellor between April and December 2015...
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IntroductionAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal progressive neurological disorder characterised by a selective degeneration of motor neurons (MNs). Stem cell transplantation is considered as a promising strategy in neurological disorders therapy and the possibility of inducing bone marrow cells (BMCs) to circulate in the peripheral blood is suggested to investigate stem cells migration in degenerated ALS nerve tissues where potentially repair MN damage. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor...
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IntroductionPositive surgical margins (PSM) in cancer patients are commonly associated with worse prognosis and a higher risk of secondary treatment. However, the relevance of this parameter in prostate cancer patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP) remains controversial, given the inconsistencies in its ability to predict biochemical recurrence (BCR) and oncological outcomes. Hence, further assessment of the utility of surgical margins for prostate cancer prognosis is required to predict...
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ObjectiveTo describe the circumstances of the elderly with dementia and their caregivers’ characteristics in order to examine factors related to activities of daily living (ADL) and household income to propose a long-term care policy for rural areas of Thailand. SettingA cross-sectional study at the household level in three rural regions of Thailand where there were initiatives relating to community care for people with dementia. ParticipantsCaregivers of 140 people with dementia were recruited...
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ObjectivesTo measure the use of healthcare services and assistive devices by centenarians in five countries. DesignCross-sectional study using a survey questionnaire. SettingCommunity-dwelling and institutionalised centenarians living in Japan, France, Switzerland, Sweden and Denmark. Participants1253 participants aged 100 or in their 100th year of life, of whom 1004 (80.1%) were female and 596 (47.6%) lived in institutions. Main outcome measuresRecent use of medical visits, nursing care...
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BackgroundPrevious studies show that university students experience higher psychological stress than the general population, resulting in increased vulnerability for mental disorders for the student population. Online mindfulness interventions will be delivered to students as a potentially promising and more flexible approach compared to face-to-face interventions with the aim of improving their mental health. This study purposes to investigate the effectiveness of a guided online mindfulness-focused...
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IntroductionAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease often associated with atopic comorbidities and has significant impact on children and their families. There is a lack of robust and longitudinal long-term data on disease characteristics and typical clinical practice with currently available treatments in children with moderate-to-severe AD. Hence, an observational study is needed to evaluate AD characteristics and progression in paediatric patients with moderate-to-severe...
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ObjectivesSevere asthma imposes a significant burden on individuals, families and the healthcare system. New treatment and management approaches are emerging as effective options for severe asthma. Translating new knowledge to multidisciplinary healthcare professionals is a priority. We developed ‘The Severe Asthma Toolkit’ (https://toolkit.severeasthma.org.au) to increase awareness of severe asthma, provide evidence-based resources and support decisionmaking by healthcare providers. SettingRoundtable...
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ObjectivesThe optimal size of the health workforce for children’s surgical care around the world remains poorly defined. The goal of this study was to characterise the surgical workforce for children across Brazil, and to identify associations between the surgical workforce and measures of childhood health. DesignThis study is an ecological, cross-sectional analysis using data from the Brazil public health system (Sistema Único de Saúde). Settings and participantsWe collected data on the surgical...
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IntroductionMultimorbidity is highly prevalent among older patients and has been shown to be associated with poor health outcomes and lower quality of life. Adherence to medication treatments is essential in order to maximise the efficacy of treatments and improve health outcomes. However, nearly half of the older patients with multimorbidity fail to adhere to their medications, which can result in an increased risk of adverse health events, lower quality of life and higher healthcare cost. Only...
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IntroductionDiverticulitis is among the most common abdominal disorders. The best treatment strategy for this complicated disease as well as for recurrent stages is still under debate. Moreover, little knowledge exists regarding the effect of different therapeutic strategies on the health-related quality of life (HrQoL). Therefore, the PREDIC-DIV (PREDICtors for health-related quality of life after elective sigmoidectomy for DIVerticular disease) study aims to assess predictors of a change in HrQoL...
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IntroductionCurrent pharmacological treatment options for hyperemesis gravidarum have been introduced based on scarce evidence and are often not sufficiently effective. Several case reports suggest that mirtazapine, an antidepressant, may be an effective treatment for hyperemesis gravidarum, but so far there are no controlled trials investigating the potential effect of mirtazapine on hyperemesis gravidarum. The antiemetic ondansetron is currently widely used to treat hyperemesis gravidarum despite...
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ObjectivesInternet search engine data have been widely used to monitor and predict infectious diseases. Existing studies have found correlations between search data and HIV/AIDS epidemics. We aimed to extend the literature through exploring the feasibility of using search data to monitor and predict the number of newly diagnosed cases of HIV/AIDS, syphilis and gonorrhoea in China. MethodsThis paper used vector autoregressive model to combine the number of newly diagnosed cases with Baidu search...
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ObjectivesThe aim of this review is to summarise the latest evidence on efficacy and safety of treatments for new-onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) in critical illness. ParticipantsCritically ill adult patients who developed NOAF during admission. Primary and secondary outcomesPrimary outcomes were efficacy in achieving rate or rhythm control, as defined in each study. Secondary outcomes included mortality, stroke, bleeding and adverse events. MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Knowledge...
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ObjectivesTo understand, describe and analyse the experiences of women with breast cancer in Vietnam when accessing and using breast cancer services. DesignDescriptive qualitative study. Women were interviewed about their experiences from the first time they became aware of symptoms or changes to their body through treatment and post-treatment. This study is the first descriptive study on breast cancer in Vietnam from the perspective of women with a breast cancer diagnosis. ParticipantsWomen...
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ObjectivesThe aim of the DiaFu study was to evaluate effectiveness and safety of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) in patients with diabetic foot wounds in clinical practice. DesignIn this controlled clinical superiority trial with blinded outcome assessment patients were randomised in a 1:1 ratio stratified by study site and ulcer severity grade using a web-based-tool. SettingThis German national study was conducted in 40 surgical and internal medicine inpatient and outpatient facilities...
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British Journal of Cancer, Published online: 26 March 2020; doi:10.1038/s41416-020-0805-yProgression-free survival as a surrogate for overall survival in oncology trials: a methodological systematic review
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British Journal of Cancer, Published online: 25 March 2020; doi:10.1038/s41416-020-0806-xAdherence to the WCRF/AICR 2018 recommendations for cancer prevention and risk of cancer: prospective cohort studies of men and women
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