The role of the crystal lattice for the electronic properties of cuprates and other high-temperature superconductors remains controversial despite decades of theoretical and experimental efforts. While the paradigm of strong electronic correlations suggests a purely electronic mechanism behind the insulator-to-metal transition, recently the mutual enhancement of the electron–electron and the...
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Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are assemblies of extracellular matrix molecules, which surround the cell body and dendrites of many types of neuron and regulate neural plasticity. PNNs are prominently expressed around neurons of the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN), but their role in adult cerebellar plasticity and behavior is far from clear....
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Electronic nematicity, a correlated state that spontaneously breaks rotational symmetry, is observed in several layered quantum materials. In contrast to their liquid-crystal counterparts, the nematic director cannot usually point in an arbitrary direction (XY nematics), but is locked by the crystal to discrete directions (Ising nematics), resulting in strongly anisotropic...
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Adipose tissue provides a defense against starvation and environmental cold. These dichotomous functions are performed by three distinct cell types: energy-storing white adipocytes, and thermogenic beige and brown adipocytes. Previous studies have demonstrated that exposure to environmental cold stimulates the recruitment of beige adipocytes in the white adipose tissue (WAT)...
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Singlet oxygen (1O2), the major reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced in chloroplasts, has been demonstrated recently to be a highly versatile signal that induces various stress responses. In the fluorescent (flu) mutant, its release causes seedling lethality and inhibits mature plant growth. However, these drastic phenotypes are suppressed when EXECUTER1...
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Pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) contain the potential to form a diverse array of cells with distinct gene expression states, namely the cells of the adult vertebrate. Classically, diversity has been attributed to cells sensing their position with respect to external morphogen gradients. However, an alternative is that diversity arises...
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The Evening Complex (EC), composed of the DNA binding protein LUX ARRHYTHMO (LUX) and two additional proteins EARLY FLOWERING 3 (ELF3) and ELF4, is a transcriptional repressor complex and a core component of the plant circadian clock. In addition to maintaining oscillations in clock gene expression, the EC also participates...
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Auxin is a class of plant hormone that plays a crucial role in the life cycle of plants, particularly in the growth response of plants to ever-changing environments. Since the auxin responses are concentration-dependent and higher auxin concentrations might often be inhibitory, the optimal endogenous auxin level must be closely...
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ENGINEERING Correction for “Tuning friction to a superlubric state via in-plane straining,” by Shuai Zhang, Yuan Hou, Suzhi Li, Luqi Liu, Zhong Zhang, Xi-Qiao Feng, and Qunyang Li, which was first published October 28, 2019; 10.1073/pnas.1907947116 (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 116, 24452–24456). The authors wish to note the following:...
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Human social interaction crucially relies on the ability to infer what other people think. Referred to as Theory of Mind (ToM), this ability has long been argued to emerge around 4 y of age when children start passing traditional verbal ToM tasks. This developmental dogma has recently been questioned by...
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The growth of the internet has spawned new “attention markets,” in which people devote increasing amounts of time to consuming online content, but the neurobehavioral mechanisms that drive engagement in these markets have yet to be elucidated. We used functional MRI (FMRI) to examine whether individuals’ neural responses to videos...
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We tested the hypothesis that underrepresented students in active-learning classrooms experience narrower achievement gaps than underrepresented students in traditional lecturing classrooms, averaged across all science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields and courses. We conducted a comprehensive search for both published and unpublished studies that compared the performance of underrepresented...
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Social robots are becoming increasingly influential in shaping the behavior of humans with whom they interact. Here, we examine how the actions of a social robot can influence human-to-human communication, and not just robot–human communication, using groups of three humans and one robot playing 30 rounds of a collaborative game...
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Perhaps in a decade or so, researchers may look back on current times and view it as an inflection point for the development of novel therapeutic modalities for the treatment of various human diseases. One particularly innovative approach involves targeting disease-modifying proteins for degradation by the proteasome, the large multisubunit...
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Signs of international trade in Chinese porcelain Xuande blue-and-white porcelain excavated in Jingdezhen, China. Image courtesy of the Jingdezhen Institute of Ceramic Archaeology. Blue-and-white porcelain made in Jingdezhen, China, during the Yuan and Ming dynasties is associated with imported cobalt pigment. However, it is unclear whether a pigment color imported...
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Teamwork is an essential component of science. It affords the exchange of ideas and the execution of research that can entail high levels of complexity and scope. Collaborative science also leads to higher-impact publications relative to single-authored research projects (1). Published articles are a key product of scientific work, bearing...
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Vaccinia virus (VACV), the prototype orthopoxvirus, is the first live viral vaccine used to protect against smallpox, one of the most feared infectious diseases of humans (1). This outstanding achievement was possible because even as the various orthopoxviruses evolved and diversified they often retained major parts of their virion composition...
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The pioneering neuroscientist Bruce McEwen died on January 2, 2020 at the age of 81 following a brief illness. He was the Alfred E. Mirsky Professor and head of the Harold and Margaret Millikin Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology at The Rockefeller University. Born in Fort Collins, Colorado, Bruce grew up...
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Abstract Purpose The relation between functional imaging and intrapatient genetic heterogeneity remains poorly understood. The aim of our study was to investigate spatial sampling and functional imaging by FDG-PET/MRI to describe intrapatient tumour heterogeneity. Methods Six patients with oropharyngeal cancer were included in this pilot study. Two tumour...
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Abstract Purpose This analysis compares salvage lymph node dissection (SLND) to salvage lymph node radiotherapy (SLNRT) of 68Ga-PSMA PET-positive nodal recurrences after radical prostatectomy (RPE). Methods A total of 67 SLNRT and 33 SLND consecutive patients with pelvic and/or para-aortic nodal recurrences after RPE were retrospectively analyzed. Biochemical...
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Abstract This review details and discusses the technological quality requirements to ensure the desired quality for stereotactic radiotherapy using photon external beam radiotherapy as defined by the DEGRO Working Group Radiosurgery and Stereotactic Radiotherapy and the DGMP Working Group for Physics and Technology in Stereotactic Radiotherapy. The covered aspects of this review are 1) imaging for target volume definition, 2) patient positioning and target volume localization,...
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Abstract Stereotactic radiotherapy with its forms of intracranial stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), intracranial fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT) and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is today a guideline-recommended treatment for malignant or benign tumors as well as neurological or vascular functional disorders. The working groups for radiosurgery and stereotactic radiotherapy of the German Society for Radiation Oncology (DEGRO) and for physics and technology...
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Staphylococcus aureus is the most dominant human pathogen, responsible for a variety of chronic and severe infections. There is mounting evidence that persisters are associated with treatment failure and relapse ...
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Frankincense and myrrh are used as traditional anti-inflammatory and analgesic medicines in China. It has been reported that frankincense and myrrh have significant anti-tumor activities. The present study was...
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The Rumex acetosa has been used in medicinal treatment, food technology and phytotherapeutics in Eastern Asia and many other countries. However, its effect on cardiovascular system and antiplatelet activity remai...
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Abstract Background Patients after esophagectomy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) occasionally develop metachronous SCC in the residual esophagus. Although most of these second primary lesions are detected as superficial cancer at follow-up endoscopy, it is often difficult to perform endoscopic resection for these lesions near the site of anastomosis. Methods ...
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Ventilation/perfusion inequalities impair gas exchange in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Although increased dead-space ventilation (VD/VT) has been described in ARDS, its mechanism is not clearly und...
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ObjectivesIntroduced in the UK in 2010, the fit note was designed to address the problem of long-term sickness absence. We explored (1) associations between demographic variables and fit note receipt, ‘maybe fit’ use and long-term conditions, (2) whether individuals with long-term conditions receive more fit notes and are more likely to have the ‘maybe fit’ option selected and (3) whether long-term conditions explained associations between demographic variables and fit note receipt.MethodsData were...
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Abstract Background Improvement of speech perception in quiet is an important goal of hearing aid provision. In practice, results are highly variable. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between type and extent of hearing loss (audiogram type), maximum word recognition score, and aided speech perception. Materials and methods ...
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Abstract Symbolic regression (SR) is a powerful method for building predictive models from data without assuming any model structure. Traditionally, genetic programming (GP) was used as the SR engine. However, for these purely evolutionary methods it was quite hard to even accommodate the function to the range of the data and the training was consequently inefficient and slow. Recently, several SR algorithms emerged which employ multiple linear regression. This allows the algorithms...
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Publication date: Available online 23 March 2020Source: Anesthesiology ClinicsAuthor(s): Anne Elizabeth Baetzel, Ashlee Holman, Nicole Dobija, Paul Irvin Reynolds, Olubukola Olugbenga Nafiu
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Zusammenfassung Dieses Themenheft beschäftigt sich mit dem Thema Bodycontouring. Die Formung des Körpers macht mittlerweile den größten Teil der ästhetischen Interventionen aus, und die Liposuktion als Methode der Wahl des operativen Bodycontourings ist weltweit einer der am häufigsten durchgeführten Eingriffe. In den letzten Jahren hat sich jedoch der Trend von invasiven Methoden zu nichtinvasiven Behandlungen verschoben, und somit hat das nichtoperative Bodycontouring nun an...
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Romanian ethnopediatrics has a long history of medicinal plant use. The main objective of the present review was to identify, collect, systematize, and prioritize the available bibliographical data related to ...
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Videolaryngoscopy (VL) has become a popular method of intubation (ETI). Although VL may facilitate ETI in less-experienced rescuers there are limited data available concerning ETI performed by paramedics durin...
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By: Leanne Armstrong There’s no question that creating a solid task management plan is the best way to stay organized at work. But even the most carefully laid plans can go astray without the proper tools to support them. Dedicated task management tools keep you in the driver’s seat, whether you’re running point on a project or managing your daily to-do list. And choosing the right tools to stay organized at work does more than help you move tasks from Point...
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Publication date: Available online 24 March 2020Source: Journal of BiomechanicsAuthor(s): Jill M. Middendorf, Caroline Dugopolski, Stephen Kennedy, Eric Blahut, Itai Cohen, Lawrence J. Bonassar
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BackgroundProtein disulfide isomerase (PDI) proteins are part of the thioredoxin protein superfamily. PDIs are involved in the formation and rearrangement of disulfide bonds between cysteine residues during protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum and are implicated in stress response pathways. MethodsEight children from four consanguineous families residing in distinct geographies within the Middle East and Central Asia were recruited for study. All probands showed structurally similar microcephaly...
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BackgroundGermline TP53 gene pathogenic variants (pv) cause a very high lifetime risk of developing cancer, almost 100% for women and 75% for men. In the UK, annual MRI breast screening is recommended for female TP53 pv carriers. The SIGNIFY study (Magnetic Resonance Imaging screening in Li Fraumeni syndrome: An exploratory whole body MRI) study reported outcomes of whole-body MRI (WB-MRI) in a cohort of 44 TP53 pv carriers and 44 matched population controls. The results supported the use of a baseline...
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PurposePatients with Fanconi anaemia (FA), a rare DNA repair genetic disease, exhibit chromosome fragility, bone marrow failure, malformations and cancer susceptibility. FA molecular diagnosis is challenging since FA is caused by point mutations and large deletions in 22 genes following three heritability patterns. To optimise FA patients’ characterisation, we developed a simplified but effective methodology based on whole exome sequencing (WES) and functional studies. Methods68 patients with FA...
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