ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess public acceptance of four possible healthcare policies supporting tobacco dependence treatment in line with the Framework Convention for Tobacco Control, Article 14 recommendations in Germany. DesignCross-sectional household survey. SettingData were drawn from the German population and collected through computer-assisted, face-to-face interviews. ParticipantsRepresentative random sample of 2087 people (>14 years) from the German population. Outcome...
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ObjectivesTo analyse years of life lost (YLLs) due to digestive diseases in Poland according to: marital status, education, working status and place of residence. DesignA cross-sectional study. SettingThe study was based on a dataset containing information from death certificates of Poles who died in 2002 and in 2011. ParticipantsThe analysis covered records with codes K00–K93 according to the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision. Outcome measuresYLL...
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ObjectivesDisadvantaged older adults may benefit from social support in adhering to their medications, but the multidimensional nature of social relationships makes it difficult to identify the most relevant domain. We examined associations of structural and functional support with medication adherence among a cohort of older adults with asthma. DesignCross-sectional analysis of the Asthma Beliefs and Literacy in the Elderly cohort study. SettingOutpatient clinics in New York, New York, and Chicago,...
18m
ObjectivesTo examine the association between diabetes-specific health literacy (DSHL) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among elderly individuals with pre-diabetes in rural China. Design, setting and participantsThis cross-sectional study included 434 elderly individuals with pre-diabetes from 42 villages in rural China. Main outcome measuresHRQoL was assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey. DSHL was measured by a validated questionnaire in China. Differences...
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ObjectiveTo investigate, in a simulator-based prospective study, whether telemedical support improves quality of emergency first response (performance) by medical non-professionals to being non-inferior to medical professionals. SettingIn a simulated offshore wind power plant, duos (teams) of offshore engineers and teams of paramedics conducted the primary survey of a simulated patient. Participants38 offshore engineers and 34 paramedics were recruited by the general email invitation. InterventionTeams...
18m
ObjectivesThe International Society of Nephrology (ISN) has called for zero deaths by 2025. This survey aimed to determine the preparedness of Southern African Development Community (SADC) countries and Nigeria to heed this call. SettingA questionnaire was emailed to facilities, where renal replacement therapy is available; to determine type of services available; quality of care and identify clinicians involved. ParticipantsClinicians and administrators involved in the care of patients with acute...
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IntroductionType 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is one of the most frequent chronic endocrine diseases in the paediatric population. As a result, this disease has a strong impact on psychological well-being. In line with this, emotional factors play an important role in adaptation. The aim of the present study protocol is to design an emotional abilities programme to improve metabolic control assessed by haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) samples. Specifically, this intervention will be focused on adaptive coping...
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ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore how infection prevention and control (IPC) guidelines are used and understood by healthcare professionals, patients and families. DesignEthnographic study with 59 hours of non-participant observation and 57 conversational interviews. Data analysis was underpinned by the Normalization Process Theory (NPT) as a theoretical framework. SettingFour hospitals in Ireland. ParticipantsHealthcare professionals, patient and families. ResultsFive themes emerged...
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IntroductionThe Dutch Parelsnoer Institute (PSI) is a collaboration between all university medical centres in which clinical data, imaging and biomaterials are prospectively and uniformly collected for research purposes. The PSI has the ambition to integrate data collected in the context of clinical care with data collected primarily for research purposes. We aimed to evaluate the effects of such integrated registration on costs, efficiency and quality of care. MethodsWe retrospectively included...
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ObjectiveThe current study was conducted to assess the prevalence and associated factors of shift work sleep disorder among nurses working at Ethiopian federal government hospitals in Addis Ababa. MethodsAn institutional-based, cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2018 using self-administered structured questionnaires. Computer-generated simple random sampling technique was used to select a total of 422 nurses as study participants. The International Classification of Sleep Disorders...
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ObjectivesSun glare is a serious driving hazard and increases crash risks. Relatively few studies have examined the effects of sun glare on pedestrian fatalities, given that a crash has occurred. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the effect of sun glare on pedestrian fatalities. DesignA population-based case–control study. SettingTaiwan. ParticipantsUsing the Taiwan National Traffic Crash Data and sunrise and sunset data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration...
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IntroductionOsteoarthritis is one of the most common types of musculoskeletal diagnoses also among working-age populations, and often leads to long-term sickness absence (SA) spells or even disability pension (DP). The aimwas to identify future trajectories of days of SA and/or DP among people with a new SA spell due to osteoarthritis that became ≥21 long, and to investigate sociodemographic and morbidity characteristics of individuals in identified trajectories. MethodsThis is a prospective population-based...
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ObjectivesTo identify and summarise all studies using statistical methods to project lung cancer incidence or mortality rates more than 5 years into the future. Study typeSystematic review. MethodsWe performed a systematic literature search in multiple electronic databases to identify studies published from 1 January 1988 to 14 August 2018, which used statistical methods to project lung cancer incidence and/or mortality rates. Reference lists of relevant articles were checked for additional potentially...
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Health is more than the absence of disease. It is also more than a biological phenomenon. It is inherently social, psychological, cultural and historical. While this has been recognised by major health actors for decades, open questions remain as to how to build systems that reflect the complexity of health, disease and sickness, and in a context that is increasingly technologised. We argue that an urgent change of approach is necessary. Methods and concepts from the humanities and social science...
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IntroductionThe world’s population is rapidly ageing, and health among older people is thus an important issue. Several previous studies have reported an association between adverse psychosocial factors at work before retirement and postretirement health. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to examine the association between psychosocial factors at work and health outcomes after retirement, based on a synthesis of well-designed prospective studies. Methods and analysisThe...
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ObjectivesTo examine whether exposure to heavy physical work from early to later adulthood is associated with primary healthcare visits due to cause-specific musculoskeletal diseases in midlife. DesignProspective cohort study. SettingNationally representative Young Finns Study cohort, Finland. Participants1056 participants of the Young Finns Study cohort. Exposure measurePhysical work exposure was surveyed in early (18–24 years old, 1986 or 1989) and later adulthood (2007 and 2011), and it was...
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ObjectiveIndividuals with immunocompromised (IC) conditions are at a higher risk of developing herpes zoster (HZ) than IC-free individuals. This study assessed the healthcare resource utilisation (HCRU) burden and costs, of HZ in IC and IC-free individuals ≥18 years of age (YOA). MethodsWe conducted an observational retrospective study in a cohort of IC (n=621 588) and IC-free (n=621 588) individuals, matched by age, gender and General Practitioner practice region, contributing to the Clinical Practice...
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ObjectivesTo explore hospital physicians’ views on readmission and discharge processes in the interface between hospitals and municipalities. DesignQualitative case study. SettingThe Norwegian healthcare system. ParticipantsFifteen hospital physicians (residents and consultants) from one hospital, involved in the treatment and discharge of patients. ResultsThe results of this study showed that patients were being discharged earlier, with more complex medical conditions, than they had been previously,...
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IntroductionMany patients with psychosis experience everyday social situations as anxiety-provoking. The fears can arise, for example, from paranoia, hallucinations, social anxiety or negative-self beliefs. The fears lead patients to withdraw from activities, and this isolation leads to a cycle of worsening physical and mental health. Breaking this cycle requires highly active treatment directly in the troubling situations so that patients learn that they can safely and confidently enter them. However...
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ObjectivesViolence towards emergency department healthcare workers is pervasive and directly linked to provider wellness, productivity and job satisfaction. This qualitative study aimed to identify the cognitive and behavioural processes impacted by workplace violence to further understand why workplace violence has a variable impact on individual healthcare workers. DesignQualitative interview study using a phenomenological approach to initial content analysis and secondary thematic analysis. SettingThree...
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Abstract Diabetes is a chronic disease associated with triglyceride metabolism disorder, being an etiological factor in fatty liver disease, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. Diet-based therapy including energy balance and herbal supplements is a suitable approach to ameliorate progression of the disease. Leaves of Lippia triphylla (lemon verbena) from the family Verbenaceae are a foodstuff used as a tea drink or cooking seasoning, with confirmed safety during long-term...
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Abstract Two new sarpagine-type indole alkaloids (1 and 2), together with five known alkaloids; 12-methoxy-4-methylvoachalotine (3), 16-demethoxycarbonylvoacamine (4), isositsirikine (5), affinisine (6), affinine (7), were isolated from the bark of Tabernaemontana macrocarpa Jack. The structures of these alkaloids were determined based on spectroscopic data, chemical correlation, and comparison with the literature. 16-Demethoxycarbonylvoacamine (4) showed antiplasmodial activities...
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Abstract From the methanolic extract of the leaves of Lansium domesticum, three new onoceranoid-type triterpenoids, lansium acids X–XII and a new cycloartane-type triterpene, lansium acid XIII, were isolated. The chemical structures of the isolated new compounds were elucidated on the basis of chemical/physicochemical evidence. For new onoceranoid-type triterpenoids, the absolute configurations were established by comparison of experimental and predicted electronic circular dichroism...
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Abstract Two new steroidal saponins, scrobiculosides A and B, were isolated from the deep-sea sponge Pachastrella scrobiculosa, collected at a depth of 200 m off Miura Peninsula, Japan. The aglycones of scrobiculosides A and B feature a vinylic cyclopropane and a ∆24,25 exomethylene on the side chains, respectively. Both saponins have a common sugar moiety composed of β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-6-acetyl-β-d-glucopyranoside, with the exception of an acetyl group on C6″ in scrobiculoside...
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Abstract Computer hardware development coupled with the development of quantum chemistry, new computational models and algorithms, and user-friendly interfaces have lowered the barriers to the use of computation in the discovery and structure elucidation of natural products. Consequently, the use of computational chemistry software as a tool to discover and determine the structure of natural products has become more common in recent years. In this review, we provide several examples...
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Abstract Diarylheptanoid, 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-phenyl(6E)-6-hepten-3-one (HPPH), has been reported to enhance myoblast differentiation via estrogen receptor (ER). However, the underlying signaling pathway promising this action remains unknown. The present study thus aimed to investigate the signaling pathway of HPPH that enhances myoblast differentiation. Confluence C2C12 myoblasts were induced to differentiate in the absence or presence of HPPH (10 nM). Differentiation markers...
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Abstract Jatropha multifida is a medicinal plant that belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family. Our investigation revealed that the chloroform extract of J. multifida stems showed anti-melanin deposition activity against α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH)- and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX)-induced melanogenesis in the mouse melanoma cell line (B16-F10). Further fractionation and purification of the major constituents led to the isolation of two coumarins (1 and 2) and seven...
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Abstract Wnt signaling has been implicated in numerous aspects of development, cell biology, and physiology. When aberrantly activated, Wnt signaling can also lead to the formation of tumors. Thus, Wnt signaling is an attractive target for cancer therapy. Based on our screening program targeting Wnt signaling activity using a cell-based luciferase screening system assessing TCF/β-catenin transcriptional activity, we isolated a series of terpenoids and heterocyclic aromatic compounds...
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submitted by /u/Firoscos [link] [comments]
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submitted by /u/chicompj [link] [comments]
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(Source: Journal of Clinical Immunology)
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IntroductionDiagnosing psoriasis in children can be challenging. Early and accurate diagnosis is important to ensure patients receive psoriasis specific treatment and monitoring. It is recognised that the physical, psychological, quality of life, financial and comorbid burden of psoriasis are significant. The aim of this study is to develop clinical examination and history-based diagnostic criteria for psoriasis in children to help differentiate psoriasis from other scaly inflammatory rashes. The...
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IntroductionA trend has evolved towards rib fixation for flail chest although evidence is limited. Little is known about rib fixation for multiple rib fractures without flail chest. The aim of this study is to compare rib fixation with nonoperative treatment for both patients with flail chest and patients with multiple rib fractures. Methods and analysisIn this study protocol for a multicentre prospective cohort study, all patients with three or more rib fractures admitted to one of the five participating...
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The objective of this commentary is to develop a framework for assessing the rigour of qualitative approaches that identifies and distinguishes between the diverse objectives of qualitative health research, guided by a narrative review of the published literature on qualitative guidelines and standards from peer-reviewed journals and national funding organisations that support health services research, patient-centered outcomes research and other applied health research fields. In this framework,...
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ObjectivesSelf-collected vaginal swabs can facilitate diagnosis of vaginal discharge (VD) in resource-limited settings, provided reliability of the method is established. The aim of this study was to evaluate the concordance between self-collected and physician-collected vaginal swabs for aetiological diagnosis of VD and to determine the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis (BV), vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) and trichomonas vaginitis (TV). MethodsA total of 550 females (median age: 32 years; range:...
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IntroductionAdolescents with brain injury frequently have difficulties with social competence, which persist into adulthood affecting their participation in daily life. To date, there has been limited research into the efficacy of social competence interventions in this population. Research from the Program for the Education and Enrichment of Relational Skills (PEERS) has demonstrated significant improvements in social competence skills, maintained at 1-year to 5-year follow-up, for adolescents with...
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ObjectiveTo identify differences in psychosocial, behavioural and clinical outcomes between patients with heart failure (HF) with and without stroke. Design and participantsA secondary analysis of 1023 patients with heart failure enrolled in the Coordinating study evaluating Outcomes of Advising and Counselling in Heart failure. SettingSeventeen hospitals located across the Netherlands. Outcomes measuresDepressive symptoms (Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale), quality of life...
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ObjectivesThis study aimed to test and further develop the ‘Early Career and Rapid Transition to a Nursing Specialty’ (TRANSPEC) model to a nursing specialty developed from a systematic review. Semi-structured interviews of specialist clinically based nurses and a consensus Delphi study with an expert panel were used to expand and achieve consensus, agreement, reliability and stability of the model. DesignA modified Delphi, two rounds (64 and 52 Likert items) of reiterative online questionnaires...
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