Before licensure of the first measles vaccine in 1963, approximately 500,000 cases of measles and 500 measles-related deaths were reported annually in the United States. Measles was declared eliminated in the United States in 2000. However, the risk of reintroduction and transmission is a constant…
Thu Mar 12, 2020 02:00
Worldwide, more than 500,000 cases of incident hepatocellular carcinoma are diagnosed each year, related primarily to chronic infection with hepatitis B or hepatitis C virus. Since the 1990s, the incidences of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma have increased dramatically in the United States…
Thu Mar 12, 2020 02:00
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common problem in patients who are admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). In most patients with ARDS, high levels of inspired oxygen are warranted in order to maintain adequate oxygenation. In the LUNG SAFE (Large Observational Study to Understand…
Thu Mar 12, 2020 02:00
Differing evolutionary interests of males and females may result in sexual conflict, whereby traits or behaviours that are beneficial for male reproductive success (e.g., traits related to male-male competitio...
Thu Mar 12, 2020 02:00
Abstract Although the evolution of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is usually indolent, some tumors grow fast, metastasize, and may be fatal. Viruses have been associated with many human tumors, especially the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), which shows a high viral load in DTC. In order to evaluate the ability of the virus to cause morphological and molecular changes in neoplastic thyroid cell lines TPC-1, BCPAP, and 8505C, a viral adaptation was performed for the analysis of EBV...
Thu Mar 12, 2020 02:00
Abstract Purpose This meta-analysis was conducted given the inconsistent findings of studies regarding the sex discrepancy in the relationship between type 1 diabetes (T1D) and the risk of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Methods Articles published on PubMed between January 1, 1966 and March 31, 2019 were systematically retrieved without language restrictions....
Thu Mar 12, 2020 02:00
Presentation of Case. Dr. Emily W. Lopes: An 89-year-old man was evaluated at this hospital because of recurrent bloody stools. Two years before the current evaluation, the patient underwent repair of a right inguinal hernia. After he recovered from that procedure, he had intermittent pain in the…
Thu Mar 12, 2020 02:00
To the Editor: The potential human-to-human transmission of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has been shown in multiple reports, including data from 425 patients in Wuhan, China. Local transmission from a Chinese business partner to a German businessman who attended the same meeting has been…
Thu Mar 12, 2020 02:00
Americans love freedom, but our freedom is not unlimited. It ends, as the Supreme Court has repeatedly ruled, when it is exercised in such a way that we harm or threaten to harm other people. New York’s measles epidemic of 2018–2019 is a good example of such harm. Whatever one believes about the…
Thu Mar 12, 2020 02:00
To the Editor: Since December 2019, an outbreak of infection with the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has developed in Wuhan, China, and has spread to several countries, typically by travelers returning from China. Of the 3 million Taiwanese persons who work in China, 2000 work in Wuhan, so the risk…
Thu Mar 12, 2020 02:00
The rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2, a novel coronavirus that emerged in late 2019, and the resulting Covid-19 disease has been labeled a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the World Health Organization. What physicians need to know about transmission, diagnosis, and treatment is the…
Thu Mar 12, 2020 02:00
Accurate Eye-Tracking and AI to Detect Neurological Diseases: Interview with Co-Founders of C. Light
Being diagnosed with any number of neurological diseases can be scary, not only due to the progressive nature of many of these conditions, but also because they often cannot be detected until their later stages of progression. Following the failure of a variety of potential therapies for Alzheimer’s within clinical trials in the past few years, there is an increasing interest in early detection of neurological diseases, with hopes that earlier treatment will be more effective. This has given...
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Keystone Heart Ltd. announced that is has received the European CE Mark for its TriGUARD 3, a device designed to minimize the risk of cerebral damage by deflecting embolic debris away from cerebral circulation during transcatheter aortic valve implantation and other transcatheter heart procedures. According to the announcement, the TriGUARD 3 device is now the only product with the CE Mark that is designed to cover and protect all three major cerebral aortic arch vessels. The Nitinol frame...
Thu Mar 12, 2020 19:42
The ongoing coronavirus outbreak is making it clear that the world needs innovative new tools for slowing the spread of infections. While there are a number of well-known methods of disinfection that are being employed, the air itself serves as a channel through which viruses can spread. Researchers at the University of Michigan and University of Minnesota have now built and tested a cold plasma reactor that can effectively inactivate airborne viruses. Though the technology was developed to...
Thu Mar 12, 2020 19:17
Stereotaxis, with offices in St. Louis, MO and the Netherlands, has won FDA clearance for the Genesis RMN System, a new generation of the company’s robotic navigation systems for the delivery of magnetic ablation catheters to address cardiac arrhythmias. The system can access all chambers of the heart and coronary vasculature, and can also be used within the neuro and peripheral vasculature. The company’s robotic magnetic navigation (RMN) technology allows for precise control of a catheter...
Thu Mar 12, 2020 18:47
The electroencephalogram (EEG) is used to detect electrical activity in the brain in order to evaluate a variety of neurological conditions. However, EEGs are difficult to perform due to an involved setup process that requires technicians to place individual electrodes onto a patient’s head. Zeto, a Santa Clara, California company, hopes to simplify the EEG and make it more widely available. The company’s flagship product, the zEEG, is an EEG headset that is comfortable, requires almost no...
Thu Mar 12, 2020 15:27
Abstract The classic view of cochlear partition (CP) motion, generalized to be for all mammals, was derived from basal-turn measurements in laboratory animals. Recently, we reported motion of the human CP in the cochlear base that differs substantially from the classic view. We described a human soft tissue “bridge” (non-existent in the classic view) between the osseous spiral lamina (OSL) and basilar membrane (BM), and showed how OSL and bridge move in response to sound. Here,...
Thu Mar 12, 2020 02:00
Abstract The cochlea’s wave-based signal processing allows it to efficiently decompose a complex acoustic waveform into frequency components. Because cochlear responses are nonlinear, the waves arising from one frequency component of a complex sound can be altered by the presence of others that overlap with it in time and space (e.g., two-tone suppression). Here, we investigate the suppression of basilar-membrane (BM) velocity responses to a transient signal (a test click) by...
Thu Mar 12, 2020 02:00
Abstract Background Whole lung irradiation (WLI) represents an important part of multimodal therapy in Ewing sarcoma (EwS) patients diagnosed with pulmonary metastases. This review discusses pulmonary toxicity in EwS patients with pulmonary metastases treated with WLI, who received different modes of high-dose chemotheray (HD-Cth). Methods Literature...
Thu Mar 12, 2020 02:00
Abstract Aim To provide an overview on the available treatments to prevent and reduce gynecomastia and/or breast pain caused by antiandrogen therapy for prostate cancer. Methods The German Society of Radiation Oncology (DEGRO) expert panel summarized available evidence published and assessed the validity of the information on efficacy and treatment-related...
Thu Mar 12, 2020 02:00
Thu Mar 12, 2020 02:00
Abstract Purpose The impact of acute histopathological changes (HC) of the rectum on development of late clinical proctitis (LCP) after external radiotherapy (RT) for prostate cancer is poorly explored and was the primary end point of this prospective study. Methods In 70 patients, 15 HC of early rectal biopsies after RT were identified, whereby RT...
Thu Mar 12, 2020 02:00
Neuronavigation in the Identification and Presurgical Planning of Cortical Focal Dysplasia [LETTERS]
Thu Mar 12, 2020 18:07
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Perfusion MR imaging measures of relative CBV can distinguish recurrent tumor from posttreatment radiation effects in high-grade gliomas. Currently, relative CBV measurement requires normalization based on user-defined reference tissues. A recently proposed method of relative CBV standardization eliminates the need for user input. This study compares the predictive performance of relative CBV standardization against relative CBV normalization for quantifying recurrent tumor...
Thu Mar 12, 2020 17:47
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Our aim was to test the hypothesis that our recently introduced 4D–dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging with high spatial and temporal resolution has equivalent accuracy to 4D-CT for preoperative gland localization in primary hyperparathyroidism without requiring exposure to ionizing radiation.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Inclusion criteria were the following: 1) confirmed biochemical diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism, 2) preoperative 4D–dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging,...
Thu Mar 12, 2020 17:11
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:The increased severity of white matter disease is associated with worse outcomes and an increased rate of intracerebral hemorrhage in patients with ischemic stroke undergoing thrombolytic treatment. However, whether white matter disease is associated with outcomes in patients undergoing endovascular treatment remains unclear.MATERIALS AND METHODS:In this prespecified exploratory analysis of our prospective multi-institutional study that enrolled consecutive adult patients with...
Thu Mar 12, 2020 17:06
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Flow-diverter treatment for previously stented aneurysms has been reported to be less effective and prone to complications. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness and safety of flow diverters for recurrent aneurysms after stent-assisted coiling.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Patients who underwent flow-diverter placement for recurrent aneurysms after stent-assisted coiling between March 2015 and March 2019 were recruited. Clinical and radiographic characteristics and clinical...
Thu Mar 12, 2020 16:55
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:The use of invasive cerebral angiography with CTA for active treatment of patients with suspected ischemic strokes has been increasing recently. This study aimed to identify the incidence of postcontrast acute kidney injury using baseline renal function when CTA and cerebral angiography were performed sequentially.MATERIALS AND METHODS:This retrospective observational study evaluated adults (18 years of age or older) with ischemic stroke who underwent CTA and cerebral angiography...
Thu Mar 12, 2020 16:48
SUMMARY:The olfactory bulbs and tracts are central nervous system white matter tracts maintained by central neuroglia. Although rare, gliomas can originate from and progress to involve the olfactory apparatus. Through a Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act–compliant retrospective review of the institutional teaching files and brain MR imaging reports spanning 10 years, we identified 12 cases of gliomas involving the olfactory bulbs and tracts, including 6 cases of glioblastoma, 2 cases...
Thu Mar 12, 2020 16:42
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:It is currently not completely clear how well radiologists perform in evaluating large-vessel occlusion on CTA in acute ischemic stroke. The purpose of this study was to investigate potential factors associated with diagnostic error.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Five hundred twenty consecutive patients with a clinical diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke (49.4% men; mean age, 72 years) who underwent CTA to evaluate large-vessel occlusion of the proximal anterior circulation were included....
Thu Mar 12, 2020 16:32
SUMMARY:Intracranial aneurysms with subarachnoid hemorrhage lead to high morbidity and mortality. It is of critical importance to detect aneurysms, identify risk factors of rupture, and predict treatment response of aneurysms to guide clinical interventions. Artificial intelligence has received worldwide attention for its impressive performance in image-based tasks. Artificial intelligence serves as an adjunct to physicians in a series of clinical settings, which substantially improves diagnostic...
Thu Mar 12, 2020 16:31
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Anoxic brain injury is a result of prolonged hypoxia. We sought to describe the nonquantitative arterial spin-labeling perfusion imaging patterns of anoxic brain injury, characterize the relationship of arterial spin-labeling and DWI, and evaluate the normalized diffusion-to-perfusion ratio to differentiate patients with anoxic brain injury from healthy controls.MATERIALS AND METHODS:We identified all patients diagnosed with anoxic brain injuries from 2002 to 2019. Twelve ROIs...
Thu Mar 12, 2020 16:27
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Conventional nonadhesive liquid embolic agents currently are the criterion standard for endovascular embolization of cerebral AVMs. However, inadequate distal penetration into the nidus and unstable proximal plug formation are the major limitations of this approach and of the currently available embolic materials. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hypothetic efficacy of combining liquid embolic agents with different properties and viscosities for use in endovascular...
Thu Mar 12, 2020 16:07
Before she arrived, it was as if she had already left. Her chart was riddled with indicators. This past February, when she had her first stroke, she had left the hospital against medical advice. Two months later, when she had her second, she left the emergency department against medical advice. The…
Thu Mar 12, 2020 02:00
Publication date: Available online 11 March 2020Source: Revue des Maladies RespiratoiresAuthor(s): J. Ancel, J.M. Perotin, M. Dewolf, C. Launois, J. Hagenburg, S. Chouabe, F. Lebargy
Thu Mar 12, 2020 22:52
My maternal grandmother spent hours sitting on the narrow verandah outside her apartment. She waited patiently for the breeze, a respite from the extreme heat of the Chennai summer. There were days when you could catch a taste of sea salt in that breeze, carried a few kilometers from Besant Nagar Beach. As my grandmother grew less certain of her footing, the short walk down the stairs to the road began to resemble a daunting expedition. That narrow verandah allowed her to enjoy the breeze while bypassing...
Thu Mar 12, 2020 22:15
Abstract A complex relationship exists between thyroid and liver in health and disease. Liver plays an essential physiological role in thyroid hormone activation and inactivation, transport, and metabolism. Conversely, thyroid hormones affect activities of hepatocytes and hepatic metabolism. Serum liver enzyme abnormalities observed in hypothyroidism may be related to impaired lipid metabolism, hepatic steatosis or hypothyroidism-induced myopathy. Severe hypothyroidism may have...
Thu Mar 12, 2020 02:00
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