It has always been the responsibility of physicians to point out treatment options to their patients. Unfortunately, paternalism in past medical practice narrowed the range of treatments discussed and often ignored a discussion of risks of adverse outcomes. The era of personalized medicine discourages such paternalism. While a discussion of the risks and benefits of various treatment options has already become more commonplace, true shared decision-making requires an exhaustive presentation of the...
Sun Jun 28, 2020 03:00
For the September edition of ‘From Pages of Allergy Watch,’ I’ve chosen reviews of articles focusing on topics which impact Shared Decision Making. The first study examines the fact that perceived triggers of asthma can affect QoL. The next report studied the importance of the school experience particularly the interaction with teachers and staff to help children manage their asthma. The last summary reviews a study analyzing the influence of socioeconomic differences impacting the higher prevalence...
Sun Jun 28, 2020 03:00
The practice of Shared Decision Making (SDM) is not the standard of care when physicians today treat asthma. Despite the consistent and aggressive advocacy for SDM in asthma, a solvable problem exists.
Sat Jun 27, 2020 03:00
We report the case of drug associated vocal cord dysfunction (VCD) diagnosed during a drug challenge associated with penicillin allergy testing. A 48 year-old female presented for evaluation of penicillin allergy after a positive treponemal antigen test. She has a long history of atypical reactions to a variety of medications. In regards to her history of penicillin allergy, she recounted being told by her mother that she was given penicillin at the age of 6 years old and later experienced shortness...
Fri Jun 26, 2020 03:00
Related Articles Letter to the Editor. Angle Orthod. 2020 Jul 01;90(4):619 Authors: Li X, Lai W PMID: 32591799 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Related Articles Letter to the Editor. Angle Orthod. 2020 Jul 01;90(4):621 Authors: Zhou J, Kuang Q, Liu L, Long H PMID: 32591798 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Related Articles Letter to the Editor. Angle Orthod. 2020 Jul 01;90(4):622 Authors: Oz AZ PMID: 32591797 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Related Articles Letter to the Editor. Angle Orthod. 2020 Jul 01;90(4):620 Authors: Joy A, Oh H PMID: 32591796 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Background. The World Health Organization approved the use of Xpert MTB/RIF for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA, which has significantly improved the diagnosis of tuberculosis. In this study, our main objective was to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of Xpert MTB/RIF for lymphoid tuberculosis to determine whether Xpert MTB/RIF could be used as a routine detection method. Materials and Methods. We searched four databases for the relevant literature published from May 2007 to December...
Sun Jun 28, 2020 17:35
Background. The effects of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and their related messenger RNAs (mRNAs) remain unknown in children with acquired aplastic anemia (AA). The aim of this study is to screen key lncRNAs and mRNAs and investigate their potential roles in the pathology of acquired AA in children. Methods. RNA sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) and mRNAs (DEmRNAs) between blood samples of acquired AA children and healthy controls. cis-regulation, trans-regulation,...
Sun Jun 28, 2020 16:50
Growing evidence indicates that immune-related biomarkers play an important role in tumor processes. This study investigates immune-related gene expression and its prognostic value in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). A cohort of 493 samples of patients with LUSC was collected and analyzed from data generated by the TCGA Research Network and ImmPort database. The R coxph package was employed to mine significant immune-related genes using univariate analysis. Lasso and stepwise regression analyses...
Sun Jun 28, 2020 13:05
Background. Stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) is a common malignancy worldwide with poor prognosis. Therefore, it is important to identify a valuable prognostic biomarker for STAD. The aim of present study was to identify novel prognostic biomarkers for STAD and evaluate the potential role of hub genes in STAD. Methods. Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) and Cancer RNA-Seq Nexus were performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Subsequently, hub genes were selected...
Sun Jun 28, 2020 13:05
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients often develop bone metastases (BM), and the overall survival for these patients is usually perishing. However, a model with high accuracy for predicting the survival of NSCLC with BM is still lacking. Here, we aimed to establish a model based on artificial intelligence for predicting the 1-year survival rate of NSCLC with BM by using extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), a large-scale machine learning algorithm. We selected NSCLC patients with BM between...
Sun Jun 28, 2020 13:05
Objective. This study is aimed at exploring the trends in the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in rural northeast China from 2008 to 2018. Methods. Two successive cross-sectional surveys were conducted in Liaoning rural areas in 2008 and 2018, which included 131520 and 10926 representative participants years, respectively. Results. Overall, the age-standardized prevalence of hypertension increased from 44.7% to 53.6%, and male residents showed a faster pace of increase...
Sun Jun 28, 2020 13:05
Eupatorium japonicum Thunb and Foeniculum vulgare are two of the most widely used folk herbs and constituents in many traditional Chinese herbal formulas. Nonetheless, little toxicological and safety information associated with following daily repeated exposure is obtained according to previous research. The present study was performed to assess the toxicity of ethanol extract from Eupatorium japonicum Thunb and Foeniculum vulgare (EFE) in male rats administered by dietary oral gavage at target doses...
Sat Jun 27, 2020 20:20
Uric acid is the end product of purine metabolism in humans, and its excessive accumulation leads to hyperuricemia and urate crystal deposition in tissues including joints and kidneys. Hyperuricemia is considered an independent risk factor for cardiovascular and renal diseases. Although the symptoms of hyperuricemia-induced renal injury have long been known, the pathophysiological molecular mechanisms are not completely understood. In this review, we focus on the research advances in the mechanisms...
Sat Jun 27, 2020 19:35
The hallucal sesamoid bones (HSBs), having an important role in reducing load per unit area on the first metatarsal head, can be injured commonly which also affected the first metatarsophalangeal joint and the surrounding structure. Meanwhile, differences among each HSB type may be a major factor affecting the occurrence and development of HV. So far, many researchers had learned that there are three different conditions in hallucal sesamoid bone affecting the choice of clinical surgery corresponding...
Sat Jun 27, 2020 19:35
Background. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of ESRD. Emerging evidence indicated that proteinuria may not be the determinant of renal survival in DN. The aim of the current study was to provide molecular signatures apart from proteinuria in DN by an integrative bioinformatics approach. Method. Affymetrix microarray datasets from microdissected glomerular and tubulointerstitial compartments of DN, healthy controls, and proteinuric disease controls including minimal change disease and...
Sat Jun 27, 2020 09:05
Introduction. Irrational prescribing is a major cause for irrational drug use. Bad prescribing habits lead to ineffective and unsafe treatment, exacerbation or prolongation of illness, distress and harm to the patient, and higher costs. Incidence of irrational prescribing practice cannot be reduced without a critical intervention by assessing the causes. Objectives. The objective of this study was to assess drug prescription pattern, using WHO prescribing indicators, in OPD at Mekelle General Hospital...
Sat Jun 27, 2020 08:50
Background and Aims. Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (AUGIB) is one of the most life-threatening emergency conditions. Hemostatic drugs are often prescribed to control AUGIB in clinical practice but have not been recommended by major guidelines and consensus. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of hemostatic drugs on AUGIB in cirrhosis. Methods. All cirrhotic patients with AUGIB who were admitted to our hospital from January 2010 to June 2014 were retrospectively...
Sat Jun 27, 2020 08:50
The study is aimed at investigating the role of Nei endonuclease VIII-like1 (NEIL1) in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). The human CRC (HCT116 and SW480) cells were subjected to the siRNA silencing and recombinant plasmid overexpression of NEIL1. Transfection of siNEIL1 significantly inhibited the cell growth. It also increased the Bax expression levels, while it decreased the Bcl-2 expression levels in human CRC cells, leading the Bax/Bcl-2 balance toward apoptosis. Moreover, the apoptosis...
Sat Jun 27, 2020 07:50
Gastric cancer is a disease characterized by inflammation, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) both play a vital role in epithelial-driven malignancy. In the present study, we performed an integrated bioinformatics analysis of transcriptome data from multiple databases of gastric cancer patients and worked on a biomarker for evaluating tumor prognosis. We found that cadherin 11 (CDH11) is highly expressed not only in gastric cancer tissues but also...
Fri Jun 26, 2020 18:05
Background. Sevoflurane is commonly used as a general anesthetic in neonates to aged patients. Preconditioning or postconditioning with sevoflurane protects neurons from excitotoxic injury. Conversely, sevoflurane exposure induces neurotoxicity during early or late life. However, little is known about the underlying mechanism of the dual effect of sevoflurane on neurons. Autophagy is believed to control neuronal homeostasis. We hypothesized that autophagy determined the dual effect of sevoflurane...
Fri Jun 26, 2020 18:05
Background. Malaria remains a public health issue in the world especially in resource-limited countries, where it has a negative impact on their economy. There is a body of recent reports outlining the crucial role of enterprises in control of malaria. The present study aimed at determining the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards malaria among employees from enterprises in the town of Douala, Cameroon. Methods. A cross-sectional descriptive study took place between February 2015 and...
Fri Jun 26, 2020 18:05
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a very common cancer in urology. Many evidences suggest that complex changed pathways take a nonnegligible part in the occurrence and development of ccRCC. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism is not clear. In this study, the expression data between ccRCC and normal tissue samples in TCGA database were compared to distinguish differentially expressed genes (DEGs: mRNAs, miRNAs, and lncRNAs). Afterwards, we used GO enrichment and KEGG pathway enrichment...
Fri Jun 26, 2020 17:50
Background and Methods. In Southeast Asia and particularly in Thailand, β0-thalassemia/hemoglobin E (HbE) disease is a common hereditary hematological disease. In a retrospective analysis, we investigated the outcomes of blastocyst preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) for α- and β-thalassemia exclusion, with human leukocyte antigen (PGD-HLA) matching, from 2007 to 2016 at Superior A.R.T. (Bangkok, Thailand) and subsequent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) treatment of affected siblings....
Fri Jun 26, 2020 17:35
Stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) is one of the most common malignancies. But the molecular mechanism is unknown. In this study, we downloaded the transcriptional profiles and clinical data of 344 STAD and 30 normal samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Stromal and immune scores of STAD were calculated by the Estimation of Stromal and Immune cells in Malignant Tumor tissues using Expression data (ESTIMATE) algorithm, and association of stromal/immune scores with tumor differentiation/T/N/M...
Fri Jun 26, 2020 10:20
Investigating the biogeographical disjunction of East Asian and North American flora is key to understanding the formation and dynamics of biodiversity in the Northern Hemisphere. The small Cupressaceae genus Thuja, comprising five species, exhibits a typical disjunct distribution in East Asia and North America. Owing to obscure relationships, the biogeographical history of the genus remains controversial. Here, complete plastomes were employed to investigate the plastome evolution, phylogenetic...
Fri Jun 26, 2020 10:05
Aim. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of asthma and asthma-like symptoms in seasonal agricultural workers living in fields with toxic chemical exposure. Methods. European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) questionnaire was used to assess the prevalence of asthma and asthma-like symptoms in the study. Results. Of the study group, 51.1% (267) were male and the age of the study group ranged from 18 to 88 years and the mean (SD) was 45.68 (13.39) years....
Fri Jun 26, 2020 10:05
Dengue virus (DENV) is an important mosquito-borne arbovirus that is particularly prevalent in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. The virus is generally ingested with a blood meal, replicates in host tissues, and disseminates into salivary glands for transmission to the next host. Membrane-bound vacuoles carrying DENV particles have been documented in mosquito cells and play a role in the cell-to-cell transmission of DENV2. C189 is one member of the tetraspanin family and generally increases...
Fri Jun 26, 2020 10:05
Background. Amiodarone and propafenone are commonly used to maintain sinus rhythm in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, it is not known which one is better in reducing early recurrence (ER) during the blanking period (the first three months after catheter ablation). Objective. To compare the efficacy and safety of amiodarone and propafenone in reducing ER during the blanking period after radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) in AF patients. Materials and Methods. A total of 694 patients...
Fri Jun 26, 2020 09:50
The ability of a collagen-based matrix to support cell proliferation, migration, and infiltration has been reported; however, the direct effect of an aqueous collagen suspension on cell cultures has not been studied yet. In this work, the effects of a high-concentration aqueous suspension of a micronized type I equine collagen (EC-I) have been evaluated on a normal mouse fibroblast cell line. Immunofluorescence analysis showed the ability of EC-I to induce a significant increase of type I and III...
Fri Jun 26, 2020 09:20
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been confirmed to play a crucial role in human disease, especially in tumor development and progression. Small nucleolar RNA host gene (SNHG3), a newly identified lncRNA, has been found dysregulated in various cancers. Nevertheless, the results remain controversial. Thus, we aim to analyze the comprehensive data to elaborate the association between SNHG3 expression and clinical outcomes in multiple cancers. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase,...
Fri Jun 26, 2020 08:05
The second most biggest cancer worldwide is breast cancer. There is an increasing need for safer, effective, and affordable drug candidates from natural sources to treat breast cancer. In the present investigation, the anticancer effect of Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché (C. ficifolia) fruit extract was tested on the human breast cancer cells such as MCF-7. The cells were exposed with different doses of C. ficifolia, for the assessment of IC50 concentrations on the MCF-7 cell lines for 24 hs. The effect...
Fri Jun 26, 2020 08:05
The purpose of the paper is to derive a formula to describe the quantitative relationship among the number of the pacing cells required (NPR), the dimension , and the diffusion coefficient (electrical coupling or gap junction ). The relationship between NPR and has been investigated in different dimensions, respectively. That is, for each fixed , there is a formula to describe the relationship between NPR and ; and three formulas are required for the three dimensions. However, there is not a universal...
Fri Jun 26, 2020 08:05
Borealin is a key component of chromosomal passenger complex, which is vital in cytokinesis. IQ domain-containing GTPase-activating protein 1 (IQGAP1) also participates in cytokinesis. The correlation between Borealin and IQGAP1 during cytokinesis is not yet clear. Here, we used mass spectrometry and endogenous coimmunoprecipitation experiments to investigate the interaction between IQGAP1 and Borealin. Results of the current study showed that Borealin interacted directly with IQGAP1 both in vitro...
Thu Jun 25, 2020 11:50
Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 2 (CRABP2) binds retinoic acid (RA) in the cytoplasm and transports it into the nucleus, allowing for the regulation of specific downstream signal pathway. Abnormal expression of CRABP2 has been detected in the development of several tumors. However, the role of CRABP2 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has never been revealed. The current study aimed to investigate the role of CRABP2 in HCC and illuminate the potential molecular mechanisms. The expression of...
Thu Jun 25, 2020 11:50
Cancer is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality, and about one in six people die from cancer globally. Approximately 20% to 70% of cancer patients are accompanied with malnutrition, and nutrition support plays an important role among cancer patients. However, the utilization of nutrition support is generally irrational in clinical practices and it is affected by multiple factors. Logic models not only present a framework to improve intervention of health care setting but also identify all...
Thu Jun 25, 2020 11:05
Objective. This project is aimed at investigating whether CircANXA2 can promote the apoptosis of myocardial cells by inhibiting miR-133 expression and thereby participate in the development of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Materials and Method. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression level of CircANXA2 in H9c2 cells after hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) treatment. Evaluation of myocardial injury markers in H9c2 cells was performed using commercial...
Thu Jun 25, 2020 10:05
Depression is one of the foremost psychological illness, and the exact mechanism is unclear. Recent studies have reported that the pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) signaling pathway is involved in the progression of depression. In the present study, we extracted crocin from the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, to evaluate its antidepressant effect and clarify the underlying mechanism. Here, we established a chronic unpredictable mild stress...
Thu Jun 25, 2020 08:05
PremiseUnderstanding the relationship between genetic structure and geography provides information about a species evolutionary history and can be useful to breeders interested in de novo domestication. Silphium integrifolium is an iconic perennial American prairie wildflower that is targeted for domestication as an oilseed crop. Germplasm in the existing breeding program is derived from accessions collected in restricted geographic regions. We present the first application of population genetic...
Sun Jun 28, 2020 03:00
The current new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has caused globally near 0.4/6 million confirmed deaths/infected cases across more than 200 countries. As the etiological coronavirus (a.k.a. SARS-CoV2) may putatively have a bat origin, our understanding about its intermediate reservoir between bats and humans, especially its tropism in wild and domestic animals are mostly unknown. This constitutes major concerns in public health for the current pandemics and potential zoonosis. Previous reports using...
Sun Jun 28, 2020 03:00
SARS-CoV-2 caused a global pandemic in early 2020 and has resulted in more than 8,000,000 infections as well as 430,000 deaths in the world so far. Four structural proteins, envelope (E), membrane (M), nucleocapsid (N) and spike (S) glycoprotein, play a key role in controlling the entry into human cells and virion assembly of SARS-CoV-2. However, how these genes evolve during its human to human transmission is largely unknown. In this study, we screened and analyzed roughly 3090 SARS-CoV-2 isolates...
Sun Jun 28, 2020 03:00
Within the cell, there are compartments and local conditions that may constrain amino acid sequence. Life emerged in an anoxic world but releasing a photosynthesis by-product, the molecular oxygen, forced adaptive changes to counteract its toxicity. Several mechanisms evolved to balance the intracellular redox state and maintain a reductive environment more compatible with many essential biological functions. Here, we statistically interrogate the aminoacidic composition of E. coli proteins and investigate...
Sun Jun 28, 2020 03:00
Transparency is common in aquatic environments where it reduces detectability by predators. Transparency degree (the proportion of transmitted light) varies under water and is higher as light availability increases. Transparency is rare on land and poorly studied. Recent studies have shown that Lepidoptera, a group in which transparency has independently evolved multiple times, also display large variation in transparency degree. The large diversity encompasses different types of clearwing species,...
Sun Jun 28, 2020 03:00
Humans are transforming species ranges worldwide. While artificial translocations trigger biological invasions with negative effects on biodiversity, invasions provide exceptional opportunities to generate ecological and evolutionary hypotheses. Unfortunately, imperfect historical records and exceedingly complex demographic histories present challenges for the reconstruction of invasion histories. Here we combine historical records, extensive worldwide and genome-wide sampling, and demographic analyses...
Sun Jun 28, 2020 03:00
The evolution of different cell types was a key process of early animal evolution1-3. Two fundamental cell types, epithelial cells and amoeboid cells, are broadly distributed across the animal tree of life4,5 but their origin and early evolution are unclear. Epithelial cells are polarized, have a fixed shape and often bear an apical cilium and microvilli. These features are shared with choanoflagellates - the closest living relatives of animals - and are thought to have been inherited from their...
Sun Jun 28, 2020 03:00
Resistance (host capacity to reduce parasite burden) and tolerance (host capacity to reduce impact on its health for a given parasite burden) manifest two different lines of defence. Tolerance can be independent from resistance, traded-off against it, or the two can be positively correlated because of redundancy in underlying (immune) processes. We here tested whether this coupling between tolerance and resistance could differ upon infection with closely related parasite species. We tested this in...
Sat Jun 27, 2020 03:00
As we enter the Anthropocene, the evolutionary dynamics of species will change drastically, and as yet unpredictably, due to human activity. Already today, increases in global human traffic have resulted in the rapid spread of species to new areas, leading to the formation of geographically isolated populations. These go on to evolve in allopatry, which can lead to reproductive isolation, and potentially, the formation of new species. Surprisingly, little is known about such eco-evolutionary processes...
Sat Jun 27, 2020 03:00
The rapid global loss of biodiversity calls for improved predictions of how population will evolve and respond demographically to ongoing environmental change. The heritability (h2) of selected traits has long been known to affect evolutionary and demographic responses to environmental change. Here, we show with novel deterministic models and stochastic simulations that the genetic architecture underlying h2 can dramatically affect population viability during environmental change. Polygenic trait...
Sat Jun 27, 2020 03:00
Introgression is arguably one of the most important biological processes in the evolution of groups of related species, affecting at least 10% of the extant species in the animal kingdom. Introgression reduces genetic divergence between species, and in some cases can be highly beneficial, facilitating rapid adaptation to ever-changing environmental pressures. Introgression also significantly impacts inference of phylogenetic species relationships where a strictly binary tree model cannot adequately...
Sat Jun 27, 2020 03:00
The DAN gene family (DAN, Differential screening-selected gene Aberrant in Neuroblastoma) is a group of genes that is expressed during development and plays fundamental roles in limb bud formation and digitation, kidney formation and morphogenesis and left-right axis specification. During adulthood the expression of these genes are associated with diseases, including cancer. Although most of the attention to this group of genes has been dedicated to understanding its role in physiology and development,...
Sat Jun 27, 2020 03:00
Traces of archaic hominin DNA persist in the human gene pool, but are systematically depleted around genes and other functionally important genomic regions. This suggests that many Neandertal and Denisovan alleles had harmful effects on hybrid fitness. We hypothesized that if some harmful effects were mediated by gene dysregulation in specific tissues, alleles previously flagged as archaic using a conditional random field (CRF) should be depleted from those tissues regulatory enhancers compared to...
Sat Jun 27, 2020 03:00
Sexual dimorphism is exhibited in many species across the tree of life with many phenotypic differences mediated by differential expression and alternative splicing of genes present in both sexes. However, the mechanisms that regulate these sex-specific expression and splicing patterns remain poorly understood. The mealybug, Planococcus citri, displays extreme sexual dimorphism and exhibits an unusual instance of sex-specific genomic imprinting, Paternal Genome Elimination (PGE), in which the paternal...
Sat Jun 27, 2020 03:00
Detecting natural selection is one of the major goals of evolutionary genomics. Here, we sequence whole genomes of 34 Picea abies individuals and quantify the amount of selection across the genome. Using an estimate of the distribution of fitness effects, we show that negative selection is very limited in coding regions, while positive selection is rare in coding regions but very strong in non-coding regions, suggesting the great importance of regulatory changes in evolution of Norway spruce. Additionally,...
Sat Jun 27, 2020 03:00
Metallothioneins (MTs) are a family of cysteine-rich metal-binding proteins that are important in the chelating and detoxification of toxic heavy metals. Until now, the short length and the low sequence complexity of MTs has hindered the possibility of any phylogenetic reconstruction, hampering the study of their evolution. To answer this longstanding question, we developed an iterative BLAST search pipeline that allowed us to build a unique dataset of more than 300 MT sequences in insects. By combining...
Sat Jun 27, 2020 03:00
The latitudinal diversity gradient is one of the most striking patterns in nature yet its implications for morphological evolution are poorly understood. In particular, it has been proposed that an increased intensity of species interactions in tropical biota may either promote or constrain trait evolution, but which of these outcomes predominates remains uncertain. Here, we develop tools for fitting phylogenetic models of phenotypic evolution in which the impact of species interactions can vary...
Sat Jun 27, 2020 03:00
We investigated genetic variation at 37 newly-developed microsatellite loci in populations of the tsetse fly Glossina fuscipes fuscipes captured from the upper and lower reaches of a single hydrographical network within an endemic Human African Trypanosomiasis focus. Our primary aim was to assess the impact of vector control using insecticide-treated baits (Tiny Targets) on genetic structure. We initially used STRUCTURE to delineate geographical boundaries of two stable 'ancestral' reference populations...
Fri Jun 26, 2020 03:00
The genetic basis of morphological variation provides a major topic in evolutionary biology1-6. Colour patterns in fish are among the most diverse of all vertebrates. Species of the genus Danio display strikingly different colour patterns ranging from horizontal stripes, to vertical bars or spots7-10. Stripe formation in zebrafish, Danio rerio, oriented by the horizontal myoseptum, is a self-organizing process based on cell-contact-mediated interactions between three types of chromatophores with...
Fri Jun 26, 2020 03:00
Genetic and genomic architectures of traits under selection are key factors influencing evolutionary responses. Yet, knowledge of their impacts has been limited by a widespread assumption that most traits are controlled by unlinked polygenic architectures. Recent advances in genome sequencing and eco-evolutionary modelling are unlocking the potential for integrating genomic information into predictions of population responses to environmental change. Using eco-evolutionary simulations, we demonstrate...
Fri Jun 26, 2020 03:00
Transposable elements (TEs) are a set of mobile elements within a genome. Due to their complexity, an in-depth TE characterization is only available for a handful of model organisms. In the present study, we performed a de novo and homology-based characterization of TEs in the genomes of 24 mosquito species and investigated their mode of inheritance. More than 40% of the genome of Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, and Culex quinquefasciatus is composed of TEs, varying substantially among Anopheles...
Fri Jun 26, 2020 03:00
Spatiotemporal bias in genome sequence sampling can severely confound phylogeographic inference based on discrete trait ancestral reconstruction. This has impeded our ability to accurately track the emergence and spread of SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the availability of unprecedented numbers of SARS-CoV-2 genomes on a global scale, evolutionary reconstructions are hindered by the slow accumulation of sequence divergence over its relatively short transmission...
Fri Jun 26, 2020 03:00
Long term environmental variation often drives local adaptation and leads to trait differentiation across populations. Additionally, when traits change in an environment-dependent way through phenotypic plasticity, the genetic variation underlying plasticity will also be under selection. These processes could create a landscape of differentiation across populations in traits and their plasticity. Here, we studied drought responses in seedlings of a shrub species from the Cape Floristic Region, the...
Fri Jun 26, 2020 03:00
Horizontal gene transfers (HGT) were considered as common evolution approaches for organisms. However, most HGT especially those HGT among distant species, like microbes to plants, were over-estimated because they were just identified based on the criteria of Blast searches and gene tree-species tree reconciliation. Recently, a ligE-type glutathione S-transferase (GST), Fhb7-GST was considered as an HGT from Epichloe to Thinopyrum elongatum. To confirm and clarify the occurring patterns of this HGT,...
Fri Jun 26, 2020 03:00
Building a genotype to phenotype to fitness map of adaptation is a central goal in evolutionary biology. It is also notoriously difficult even when the adaptive mutations are known because it is hard to identify which phenotypes make these mutations adaptive. We solve this problem by first quantifying how the fitness of hundreds of adaptive mutants responds to subtle environmental shifts and then inferring the existence of fitness-relevant phenotypes implicit in these patterns of fitness variation....
Sun Jun 28, 2020 03:00
The adaptive architecture is shaped by population ancestry and not by selection regime [NEW RESULTS]
Understanding the genetic architecture of adaptive phenotypes is a key question in evolutionary biology. One particularly promising approach is Evolve and Resequence (E&R), which combines advantages of experimental evolution such as time series, replicate populations and controlled environmental conditions, with whole genome sequencing. The recent analysis of replicate populations from two different Drosophila simulans founder populations, which were adapting to the same novel hot environment,...
Fri Jun 26, 2020 03:00
The invention of agriculture (IOA) by anatomically modern humans (AMH) around 10,000 years before present (ybp) is known to have led to an increase in AMHs carrying capacity and hence its population size. Reconstruction of historical demography using high coverage (~30X) whole genome sequences (WGS) from >700 individuals from different South Asian (SAS) and Southeast Asian (SEA) populations reveals that although several present day populous groups did indeed experience a positive Neolithic Demographic...
Sun Jun 28, 2020 03:00
Genetic drift is a basic evolutionary principle describing random changes in allelic frequencies with far-reaching consequences in various topics ranging from species conservation efforts to speciation. The conventional approach is to assume that genetic drift has the same effect on all populations undergoing the same change in size, regardless of the different behavior and history of the populations. However, here we show that a simple act of learning from experience can significantly mitigate the...
Thu Jun 25, 2020 03:00
Genetic correlations between traits can strongly impact evolutionary responses to selection, and may thus impose constraints on adaptation. Theoretical and empirical work has made it clear that, without strong linkage, genetic correlations at evolutionary equilibrium result from an interplay of correlated pleiotropic effects of mutations, and correlational selection favoring combinations of trait values. However, it is not entirely clear how the strength of stabilizing selection influences this compromise...
Thu Jun 25, 2020 03:00
1It is increasingly evident that natural selection plays a prominent role in shaping patterns of diversity across the genome. The most commonly studied modes of natural selection are positive selection and negative selection, which refer to directional selection for and against derived mutations, respectively. Positive selection can result in hitchhiking events, in which a beneficial allele rapidly replaces all others in the population, creating a valley of diversity around the selected site along...
Sun Jun 28, 2020 03:00
AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWPhylogenetic trees provide a powerful framework for testing macroevolutionary hypotheses, but it is becoming increasingly apparent that inferences derived from extant species alone can be highly misleading. Trees incorporating living and extinct taxa are are needed to address fundamental questions about the origins of diversity and disparity but it has proved challenging to generate robust, species-rich phylogenies that include large numbers of fossil taxa. As a result, most...
Sat Jun 27, 2020 03:00
Kin recognition plays a fundamental role in social evolution, enabling active inbreeding avoidance, nepotism, and promoting cooperative social organization. Many organisms recognize kin based on phenotypic similarity - a process called phenotype matching - by comparing information associated with their own phenotype against the phenotypes of conspecifics. However, recent theory demonstrates that to accurately judge phenotypic similarity (and hence, relatedness), individuals require estimates of the...
Thu Jun 25, 2020 03:00
Compared to their eukaryotic counterparts, bacterial genomes are small and contain extremely tightly packed genes. Therefore, discovering a large number of short repetitive sequences in the genomes of Pseudomonads and Enterobacteria is unexpected. These sequences can independently replicate in the host genome and form populations that persist for millions of years. Here we model the interactions of intragenomic sequence populations with the bacterial host. In a simple model, sequence populations...
Thu Jun 25, 2020 03:00
In 2013, we discovered that encounters between the replication and transcription machineries allow bacteria to evolve at an accelerated rate by promoting mutagenesis in lagging strand genes. Though we proposed that this process is adaptive, it is also possible that the increased mutation frequency in lagging strand genes could be the result of reduced purifying selection (neutral selection).Due to the low number of available genome sequences at the time of publication, we were unable to distinguish...
Thu Jun 25, 2020 03:00
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Publication date: Available online 27 June 2020Source: Allergology InternationalAuthor(s): Masanori Kidoguchi, Kanako Yoshida, Emiko Noguchi, Takako Nakamura, Wataru Morii, Takenori Haruna, Mitsuhiro Okano, Yukiko Yamashita, Shinichi Haruna, Masayo Hasegawa, Naohiro Yoshida, Takahiro Ninomiya, Yoshimasa Imoto, Masafumi Sakashita, Tetsuji Takabayashi, Shigeharu Fujieda
Sun Jun 28, 2020 23:35
Publication date: Available online 27 June 2020Source: Allergology InternationalAuthor(s): Takeya Adachi, Keigo Kainuma, Koichiro Asano, Masayuki Amagai, Hiroyuki Arai, Ken J. Ishii, Komei Ito, Eiichi Uchio, Motohiro Ebisawa, Mitsuhiro Okano, Kenji Kabashima, Kenji Kondo, Satoshi Konno, Hidehisa Saeki, Mariko Sonobe, Mizuho Nagao, Nobuyuki Hizawa, Atsuki Fukushima, Shigeharu Fujieda, Kenji Matsumoto
Sat Jun 27, 2020 14:46
Publication date: Available online 26 June 2020Source: Allergology InternationalAuthor(s): Tomoyuki Soma, Yoshitaka Uchida, Kazuyuki Nakagome, Rie Hoshi, Makoto Nagata
Sat Jun 27, 2020 14:46
Publication date: September 2020Source: Acta Histochemica, Volume 122, Issue 6Author(s): Malgorzata Grzesiak, Dorota Maj, Anna Hrabia
Sun Jun 28, 2020 23:31
Publication date: September 2020Source: Acta Histochemica, Volume 122, Issue 6Author(s): Marcelo Simoni Ferro, Marcelo Betti Mascaro, Romeu Rodrigues De Souza
Sun Jun 28, 2020 23:31
Publication date: September 2020Source: Acta Histochemica, Volume 122, Issue 6Author(s): Yizhong Wang, Bing Han, Junhui Ding, Chen Qiu, Wenbo Wang
Thu Jun 25, 2020 15:59
Extra-gastric (particularly colonic) lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue in the immunosuppressed solid organ transplant recipient is rare. We report a case of low-volume mucosa-associated lymphoid ti...
Sun Jun 28, 2020 03:00
Angiosarcoma is an endothelial malignant tumor; angiosarcoma located in the breast is extremely rare, less than 0.01%. We report a case of a giant angiosarcoma diagnosed postmortem in a 16-year-old girl in a r...
Sat Jun 27, 2020 03:00
Sporotrichosis is a rare fungal infection in transplant patients; among these patients, it occurs mostly in renal transplant patients. Sporothrix schenkii is the primary pathogen responsible. A high index of susp...
Fri Jun 26, 2020 03:00
Displaced radial neck fractures in children are challenging to treat. The age of the patient and the degree of angulation are the main criteria to consider when managing these fractures in children. Various su...
Thu Jun 25, 2020 03:00
Publication date: Available online 27 June 2020Source: Archives of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationAuthor(s): Iracema Leroi, Fofi Constantinidou, Donna Langenbahn, Patricia Heyn, Wai Kent Yeung, Piers Dawes
Sun Jun 28, 2020 22:36
Publication date: Available online 27 June 2020Source: Archives of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationAuthor(s): Eline W.M. Scholten, Marjolijn Ketelaar, Johanna M.A. Visser-Meily, Ellen H. Roels, Mirjam Kouwenhoven, POWER Group, Marcel W.M. Post
Sat Jun 27, 2020 18:49
Publication date: Available online 27 June 2020Source: Archives of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationAuthor(s): Florent Besnier, Mathieu Gayda, Anil Nigam, Martin Juneau, Louis Bherer
Sat Jun 27, 2020 18:49
Publication date: Available online 26 June 2020Source: Archives of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationAuthor(s): Steven Z. George, Cai Li, Sheng Luo, Maggie E. Horn, Trevor A. Lentz
Sat Jun 27, 2020 18:49
Publication date: Available online 25 June 2020Source: Archives of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationAuthor(s): Myungeun Yoo, Juntaek Hong, Chan Woong Jang
Fri Jun 26, 2020 15:13
Publication date: Available online 27 June 2020Source: Sleep MedicineAuthor(s): Wenyuan Li, Suzanne M. Bertisch, Elizabeth Mostofsky, Angeliki Vgontzas, Murray A. Mittleman
Sun Jun 28, 2020 22:32
Publication date: Available online 27 June 2020Source: Sleep MedicineAuthor(s): Chenlu Gao, Michael K. Scullin
Sat Jun 27, 2020 21:29
Publication date: Available online 25 June 2020Source: Sleep MedicineAuthor(s): Paulo Bugalho, Filipa Ladeira, Raquel Barbosa, João Pedro Marto, Cláudia Borbinha, Laurete da Conceição, Manuel Salavisa, Marlene Saraiva, Bruna Meira, Marco Fernandes
Thu Jun 25, 2020 14:13
Publication date: Available online 28 June 2020Source: European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular SurgeryAuthor(s): Wolf Eilenberg, Albert Busch, Markus Wagenhäuser, Athanasios Giannoukas, Anders Wanhainen, Christoph Neumayer, Stephan Haulon
Sun Jun 28, 2020 22:24
Publication date: Available online 27 June 2020Source: European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular SurgeryAuthor(s): Tim Sebastian, Stefano Barco, Rolf P. Engelberger, David Spirk, Marc Schindewolf, Frederic Baumann, Iris Baumgartner, Nils Kucher
Sun Jun 28, 2020 22:24
Publication date: Available online 27 June 2020Source: European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular SurgeryAuthor(s): Stavros K. Kakkos, Joseph L. Mills Sr
Sun Jun 28, 2020 22:24
Publication date: Available online 27 June 2020Source: European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular SurgeryAuthor(s): Athanasios Saratzis, Tilo Kölbel
Sun Jun 28, 2020 22:24
Publication date: Available online 27 June 2020Source: European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular SurgeryAuthor(s): Susanne Regus
Sat Jun 27, 2020 19:27
Publication date: Available online 26 June 2020Source: European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular SurgeryAuthor(s): Quentin Pellenc, Karim Sacre
Sat Jun 27, 2020 19:27
Publication date: Available online 25 June 2020Source: European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular SurgeryAuthor(s): Takahiro Tokuda, Yasuhiro Oba, Ryoji Koshida, Yoriyasu Suzuki, Akira Murata, Tatsuya Ito
Fri Jun 26, 2020 15:33
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