Mouse lemurs (Microcebus) are a radiation of morphologically cryptic primates distributed throughout Madagascar for which the number of recognized species has exploded in the past two decades. This taxonomic explosion has prompted understandable concern that there has been substantial oversplitting in the mouse lemur clade. Here, we take an integrative approach to investigate species diversity in two pairs of sister lineages that occur in a region in northeastern Madagascar with high levels of microendemism...
Tue Jun 02, 2020 03:00
Phenotypic plasticity confers a fitness advantage to an organism by tailoring phenotype to environmental circumstances. The extent to which phenotypic plasticity emerges as an adaptive response is still unknown, however it is predicted that the emergence and maintenance of phenotypic plasticity occurs only during evolution in fluctuating environments. Interestingly, experimental studies have shown that phenotypic plasticity can be preserved for several generations during evolution in a constant environment....
Tue Jun 02, 2020 03:00
Microbes are faced with environmental fluctuations and it is therefore important to understand how change affects bacterial evolution and population dynamics. Here, we evolved a model bacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14, under both constant and changing conditions where settlement by biofilm formation or migration by swimming motility was induced. In changing environments, a heterogeneous population evolved with both specialists and generalists. Interestingly, over time, generalists were outcompeted...
Tue Jun 02, 2020 03:00
Altruistic social interactions generally evolve between genetically related individuals or other replicators, whereas sexual interactions usually occur among unrelated individuals. This tension between social and sexual interactions is resolved by policing mechanisms enforcing cooperation among genetically unrelated entities. For example, most organisms with two haploid genomes are diploid, both genomes encapsulated inside a single nuclear envelope. A fascinating exception to this are Basidiomycete...
Tue Jun 02, 2020 03:00
Competition for limited resources is a defining feature of natural systems. Understanding the relative role of mutually beneficial behaviours versus kin selection in resolving conflict and facilitating cooperation remains a persistent enigma in evolutionary biology. Using 22 years of data from North American red squirrels, we assessed how kinship and familiarity with neighbours affected fitness in a solitary, territorial species. While living near kin did not enhance fitness, familiarity with neighbours...
Tue Jun 02, 2020 03:00
The spatial distribution of biomes has changed considerably over deep time, so the geographical opportunity for an evolutionary lineage to shift into a new biome may depend on how the availability and connectivity of biomes has varied temporally. To better understand how lineages shift between biomes in space and time, we developed a phylogenetic biome shift model in which each lineage shifts between biomes and disperses between regions at rates that depend on the lineage's biome affinity and location...
Mon Jun 01, 2020 03:00
The wing patterns of butterflies are an excellent system with which to study phenotypic evolution. The incredibly diverse patterns are generated from an array of pigmented scales on a largely two dimensional surface, resulting in a visibly tractable system for studying the evolution of pigmentation. In Heliconius butterflies, much of this diversity is controlled by a few genes of large effect that regulate pattern switches between races and species across a large mimetic radiation. One of these genes,...
Mon Jun 01, 2020 03:00
The original version of this article contained an error in one of the author name. The co-author name was published as “Angela Flynn”, instead it should be “Angela C. Flynn”.
03:00
Abstract Rationale Approximately 20–40% of patients with cancer will experience brain metastasis (BM), which has a great impact on the quality of life and survival rates of patients. Whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) is an effective method for the treatment of BM. However, it cannot be ignored that WBRT might induce a series of neuropsychiatric side effects, including cognitive dysfunction (CD). Accumulating evidence shows that the gut microbiota...
03:00
Abstract Proactive interference occurs when consolidated memory traces inhibit new learning. This kind of interference decreases the efficiency of new learning and also causes memory errors. Exercise has been shown to facilitate some types of cognitive function; however, whether exercise reduces proactive interference to enhance learning efficiency is not well understood. Thus, this review discusses the effects of exercise on proactive memory interference and explores potential...
Tue Jun 02, 2020 03:00
Abstract Rationale Caveolin-1 (CAV1) is a structural protein critical for spatial organization of neuronal signaling molecules. Whether CAV1 is required for long-lasting neuronal plasticity remains unknown. Objective and Methods We sought to examine the effects of CAV1 knockout (KO) on functional plasticity and hypothesized that CAV1 deficiency would impact...
Tue Jun 02, 2020 03:00
Abstract Rationale When acutely administered intraperitoneally, the non-psychoactive cannabinoid cannabidiol (CBD), its acidic precursor cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) and a stable methyl ester of CBDA (HU-580) reduce lithium chloride (LiCl)–induced conditioned gaping in male rats (a selective preclinical model of acute nausea) via activation of the serotonin 1A (5-HT1A) receptor. ...
Tue Jun 02, 2020 03:00
Abstract Aim Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO) is responsible for the progression of the kynurenine pathway, which has been implicated in the pathophysiology of inflammation-induced depression. It has been reported that asperosaponin VI (ASA VI) could play a neuroprotective role through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. In this study, we examined the antidepressant effect of ASA VI in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mice and further...
Tue Jun 02, 2020 03:00
High Altitude Medicine &Biology, Ahead of Print.
Tue Jun 02, 2020 10:00
Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ahead of Print.
Tue Jun 02, 2020 10:00
Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ahead of Print.
Tue Jun 02, 2020 10:00
Abstract The research study was about revealing the biochemical response of Gammarus pulex related to insecticide methomyl before and after bioremediation by two soil bacteria species, Ochrobactrum thiophenivorans and Sphingomonas melonis. Catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase.(GST), cytochrome. P4501A1 (CYP1A1) activities in G. Pulex related to methomyl solution were investigated in 24 h and 96 h. ELISA method was used for test studies. CAT enzyme was decreased in Gammarus...
07:23
Abstract China's western Ordos is a distribution area for the extremely precious remnants of ancient Asian environments, which in endangered plant species and complex ecosystems. Accordingly, in this study, we collect three endangered plants belonging to the Zygophyllaceae family, namely Tetraena mongolica, Sarcozygium xanthoxylon, and Nitraria tangutorum Bobr. High-throughput sequencing technology was applied to study microbial diversity in these plant rhizosphere soils. Analysis...
Tue Jun 02, 2020 03:00
Abstract The application of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) shows great potential in the anaerobic biological treatment of acid mine wastewater; therefore, it has attracted much attention. The low pH in acidic wastewater affects the growth and reducing power of SRB. To uncover the mechanism underlying the reduction efficiency of SRB under acidic conditions, in this study, transcriptomic analysis was performed with Desulfovibrio vulgaris ATCC 7757 under three different pH conditions...
Mon Jun 01, 2020 03:00
Abstract This study focuses on the production of cellulase from a thermophilic bacterium Brevibacillus sp. MT5 and prospects of utilizing the enzyme preparation for the saccharification of sugarcane bagasse (SB). The data revealed that cellulase produced at 70 °C expressed an IFPU (international filter paper unit) of 1.776 when assayed at 60 °C and showed good activity towards SB. Consequently, the conditions affecting saccharification of SB were studied by employing a Plackett–Burman...
Mon Jun 01, 2020 03:00
Journal of Neurotrauma, Ahead of Print.
Tue Jun 02, 2020 10:00
Journal of Neurotrauma, Ahead of Print.
Tue Jun 02, 2020 10:00
Journal of Neurotrauma, Ahead of Print.
Tue Jun 02, 2020 10:00
Journal of Neurotrauma, Volume 37, Issue 12, Page 1452-1462, June 15, 2020.
Wed May 27, 2020 10:00
Thyroid, Ahead of Print.
Tue Jun 02, 2020 10:00
Journal of Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology, Ahead of Print.
Tue Jun 02, 2020 10:00
Journal of Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology, Ahead of Print.
Tue Jun 02, 2020 10:00
Tissue Engineering Part A, Ahead of Print.
Tue Jun 02, 2020 10:00
Tissue Engineering Part A, Ahead of Print.
Tue Jun 02, 2020 10:00
Future Oncology, Ahead of Print.
Tue Jun 02, 2020 14:55
Future Oncology, Ahead of Print.
Mon Jun 01, 2020 07:40
Future Oncology, Ahead of Print.
Mon Jun 01, 2020 07:24
Soft Robotics, Ahead of Print.
Tue Jun 02, 2020 10:00
Soft Robotics, Ahead of Print.
Tue Jun 02, 2020 10:00
Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonology, Ahead of Print.
Tue Jun 02, 2020 10:00
Abstract Objective The present study aimed to identify and quantify the elution of monomers of five different resin-based CAD/CAM blocks (RCBs) using HPLC. Methods Five different RCBs were used in the study: GC Cerasmart (CS), Voco Grandio blocs (GR), 3M Lava Ultimate (LU), Shofu Block (SB), and Vita Enamic (VE). Fifteen samples from each material were prepared...
03:00
Abstract Objective This study evaluated the effects of calcium gluconate (CaGlu), sodium fluoride (NaF), sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP), and NaF/TMP added to a 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) bleaching gel for the reduction in enamel demineralization in vitro, with and without the use of a fluoridated dentifrice. Design Enamel blocks (n = 100) were obtained from...
Mon Jun 01, 2020 03:00
Abstract Objectives To determine the effect of the location of the canal curvature on the fatigue resistance of WaveOne (WO), WaveOne Gold (WOG), Reciproc (Rec), and Reciproc Blue (RecB) files, and to examine the phase transformation behaviors of the reciprocating file systems. Material and methods The instruments were subjected to fatigue testing in five...
Tue Jun 02, 2020 03:00
Abstract Objectives Despite the complexity of the edentulous anatomy, little evidence exists as to what impression techniques and materials should be employed for an optimal result. The aim of this in silico study was to evaluate the trueness of peripheral and inner seals of different edentulous jaw impressions. Materials and methods Twelve maxillary edentulous...
Tue Jun 02, 2020 03:00
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