Objective Mutations in phosphatidylinositol‐4,5‐bisphosphate 3‐kinase (PI3K) complex have been associated with a broad spectrum of brain and organ overgrowth syndromes. For example, mutations in phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase regulatory subunit 2 (PIK3R2) have been identified in patients with megalencephaly‐polymicrogyria‐polydactyly‐hydrocephalus (MPPH) syndrome, which includes brain overgrowth. To better understand the pathogenesis of PIK3R2 related mutations, we have developed and characterized...
Thu Aug 27, 2020 18:25
Publication date: Available online 27 August 2020Source: Clinical Neurology and NeurosurgeryAuthor(s): Raef F.A. Hafez, Magad S. Morgan, Osama M. Fahmy, Hamdy T. Hassan
Thu Aug 27, 2020 14:25
Bilateral MRgFUS thalamotomy for tremor: a safe solution? Case report and review of current insights
Publication date: Available online 27 August 2020Source: Clinical Neurology and NeurosurgeryAuthor(s): Federico Bruno, Alessia Catalucci, Marco Varrassi, Francesco Arrigoni, Alessio Gagliardi, Patrizia Sucapane, Davide Cerone, Francesca Pistoia, Alessandro Ricci, Carmine Marini, Carlo Masciocchi
Thu Aug 27, 2020 14:25
Publication date: Available online 26 August 2020Source: Clinical Neurology and NeurosurgeryAuthor(s): Francesco Prada, Antonio Giulio Gennari, Emilio Quaia, Ludovico D’Incerti, Marco de Curtis, Francesco DiMeco, Giovanni Tringali
Thu Aug 27, 2020 14:25
Publication date: Available online 26 August 2020Source: Clinical Neurology and NeurosurgeryAuthor(s): Yu Jia, Hongxu Shi, Jing Ye, Yuping Wang
Thu Aug 27, 2020 14:25
Abstract Purpose of Review Gerstmann (left angular gyrus) syndrome includes the tetrad of finger agnosia (inability to distinguish, name, and recognize the fingers), agraphia (acquired disturbance in the ability to write), acalculia (loss of the ability to perform arithmetical operations and use numerical concepts), and right-left disorientation (right-left discrimination defect when using language). There is some disagreement...
Thu Aug 27, 2020 03:00
Publication date: April 2021Source: Current Opinion in Neurobiology, Volume 67Author(s): Matthew Lovett-Barron
Thu Aug 27, 2020 15:53
Abstract Arousal evoked by detecting a performance error may provide a mechanism by which error detection leads to either adaptive or maladaptive changes in attention and performance. By pairing EEG data acquisition with simultaneous measurements of pupil diameter, which is thought to reflect norepinephrinergic arousal, this study tested whether transient changes in EEG oscillations in the alpha frequency range (8‐12 Hz) following performance mistakes may reflect error‐evoked arousal. In the inter‐trial...
Thu Aug 27, 2020 13:11
Abstract The history of deep brain stimulation for Parkinson’s disease (PD) represented a paradigmatic cross‐talk between mammalian disease models and clinical evidence in humans. Fascinating were the results achieved by high frequency stimulation (HFS) into the subthalamic nucleus (STN) of MPTP‐treated primates. An analogous strategy relieved tremor and hypokinetic parameters in PD patients. The 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA) rodent model has mastered decades of research, contributing in understanding...
Thu Aug 27, 2020 20:25
ABSTRACT Affiliative tactile interactions buffer social mammals against neurobiological and behavioral effects of stress. The aim of the present study was to investigate the cutaneous mechanisms underlying such beneficial consequences of touch by determining whether daily stroking, specifically targeted to activate a velocity/force tuned class of low‐threshold c‐fiber mechanoreceptor (CLTM), confers resilience against established markers of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CMS). Adult male Sprague...
Thu Aug 27, 2020 17:19
Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia. Aβ plaques and tauopathy are two major concerns associated with AD. Moreover, excessive Aβ accumulation can lead to other nonspecific metabolic brain abnormalities. There are various genetic, environmental, and other risk factors associated with AD. Identification of risk factors and its mechanisms by which these factors impart role in AD pathology would be helpful for the prevention...
Thu Aug 27, 2020 17:18
Abstract Although it is known that nociceptive stimulation in the first postnatal week in rats is useful to model preterm pain, resulting in activation of specific brain areas, as assessed in vivo using manganese‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI), little is known about its long‐term effects and sex specificity. Here we aimed to investigate whether inflammatory pain induced in male and female adult rats modify the pattern of brain activation between animals subjected or not to neonatal...
Thu Aug 27, 2020 15:09
SUMMARY:The mechanisms and phenotype of ischemic stroke associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remain uncertain. A retrospective study was conducted in patients with COVID-19 presenting with ischemic stroke from March 1 to May 25, 2020, and cases with large-vessel occlusion were identified. To provide baseline institutional stroke data within and outside the COVID-19 pandemic, all consecutive ischemic stroke and TIA admissions (COVID and non-COVID) to the hospital during a 10-week period...
Thu Aug 27, 2020 19:25
SUMMARY:SGPL1 encodes sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase, the final enzyme of sphingolipid metabolism. In 2017, a condition featuring steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome and/or adrenal insufficiency associated with pathogenic SGPL1 variants was reported. In addition to the main features of the disease, patients often exhibit a range of neurologic deficits. In a handful of cases, brain imaging results were described. However, high-quality imaging results and a systematic analysis of brain MR imaging findings...
Thu Aug 27, 2020 18:51
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:When mapping the ischemic core and penumbra in patients with acute ischemic stroke using perfusion imaging, the core is currently delineated by applying the same threshold value for relative CBF at all time points from onset to imaging. We investigated whether the degree of perfusion abnormality and optimal perfusion parameter thresholds for defining ischemic core vary with time from onset to imaging.MATERIALS AND METHODS:In a prospectively maintained registry, consecutive...
Thu Aug 27, 2020 18:07
Thu Aug 27, 2020 17:46
Design of 3D-Printed Nasopharyngeal Swabs for Children is Enabled by Radiologic Imaging [PEDIATRICS]
SUMMARY:3D-printed nasopharyngeal swabs for COVID-19 molecular diagnostic testing address the national shortage of swabs. Swab designs for adult use were placed in the public domain in March 2020. Swabs for pediatric use, however, need to be smaller and more flexible to navigate delicate pediatric nasopharyngeal cavities. We describe a novel use of maxillofacial CT scans to aid in the design of pediatric nasopharyngeal swabs.
Thu Aug 27, 2020 17:36
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Unique among the acute neurologic manifestations of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2, the virus responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, is chemosensory dysfunction (anosmia or dysgeusia), which can be seen in patients who are otherwise oligosymptomatic or even asymptomatic. The purpose of this study was to determine if there is imaging evidence of olfactory apparatus pathology in patients with COVID-19 and neurologic symptoms.MATERIALS...
Thu Aug 27, 2020 17:31
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Facial parameters are used for evaluating normal growth patterns, diagnosing patients with craniofacial abnormalities, and planning surgical procedures. However, these parameters vary by ethnicity and race. This study aims to describe soft-tissue and bony facial parameters based on CT of healthy pediatric and adolescent patients in Thailand.MATERIALS AND METHODS:CT imaging of the brain, orbit, facial bones, and neck was performed at Maharaj Nakorn Chiangmai Hospital, in patients...
Thu Aug 27, 2020 17:07
SUMMARY:In this clinical case series, we report our experience to date with neurologic complications of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy for COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. We have found an unexpectedly increased rate of complications as demonstrated by neuroimaging compared with meta-analysis data in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy for all Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome etiologies over the past few decades and compared with the most recent baseline data...
Thu Aug 27, 2020 16:58
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses are a group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the accumulation of autofluorescent lipopigments in neuronal cells. As a result of storage material in the brain and retina, clinical manifestations include speech delay, cognitive dysfunction, motor regression, epilepsy, vision loss, and early death. At present, 14 different ceroid lipofuscinosis (CLN) genes are known. Recently, the FDA approved the use of recombinant human proenzyme...
Thu Aug 27, 2020 16:46
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Inadvertent subdural contrast injections can occur during any myelogram. Currently, there are no guidelines defining when residual subdural iodinated contrast will be cleared and no longer interfere with subsequent procedure and imaging. We investigated the time to resolution of subdural contrast using a 2-day lateral decubitus digital subtraction myelogram and associated CT myelogram data in patients undergoing evaluation for spontaneous intracranial hypotension.MATERIALS...
Thu Aug 27, 2020 16:45
SUMMARY:Embolic material dislodgement from microcatheters can potentially induce subclinical brain damage as evidenced by a delayed enhanced or other type of lesions. Some of the most frequently used microcatheters were investigated in vitro in different setups and combinations with different port insertions and rotating hemostatic valves. It was found that side port application increases injury to the catheter surface and debris dislodgement by conflicting with internal ledges in rotating hemostatic...
Thu Aug 27, 2020 16:43
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Although chronic ischemia is known to induce myelin and axonal damage in animal models, knowledge regarding patients with Moyamoya disease is limited. We aimed to investigate the presence of myelin and axonal damage in Moyamoya disease and their relationship with cognitive performance.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Eighteen patients with Moyamoya disease (16–55 years of age) and 18 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were evaluated with myelin-sensitive MR imaging based on magnetization...
Thu Aug 27, 2020 16:39
SUMMARY:Tumor resection followed by chemoradiation remains the current criterion standard treatment for high-grade gliomas. Regardless of aggressive treatment, tumor recurrence and radiation necrosis are 2 different outcomes. Differentiation of tumor recurrence from radiation necrosis remains a critical problem in these patients because of considerable overlap in clinical and imaging presentations. Contrast-enhanced MR imaging is the universal imaging technique for diagnosis, treatment evaluation,...
Thu Aug 27, 2020 16:36
Publication date: Available online 27 August 2020Source: Brain Research BulletinAuthor(s): Mamta Sajwan Khatri, Chenichery Sudhakumari, Hirohiko Kagawa, Aparna Dutta-Gupta, Balasubramanian Senthilkumaran
Thu Aug 27, 2020 18:41
Publication date: November 2020Source: World Neurosurgery, Volume 143Author(s): Sheng-Li Zhao, Xiao-Yan Zhang, Ying Xiao, Xiao-Yi Mo, Zhi-Peng Chen, Wei Lin, Zi-Fang Huang, Bai-Ling Chen
Thu Aug 27, 2020 17:31
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