Background: The O-arm O2 imaging system (OAO2) is an intraoperative cone beam 3D tomogram imaging tool with a wide enough field of view to perform intraoperative fiducial registration with standard stereotactic frames. However, the OAO2 3D images (cone beam CT) provide limited tissue contrast, which may reduce the accuracy of fusion to a preoperative targeting MRI for planning awake deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgeries. Therefore, most users obtain a preoperative CT scan to use as the reference...
Thu Aug 20, 2020 15:02
Abstract The common neurotrophin receptor, p75NTR, has been proposed to be an inhibitor of axon regeneration after peripheral nerve injury, but whether this effect is on the regenerating axons, immune cells migrating into the injury site, or cells in the pathway surrounding the axons is not clear. Cut nerves in mice expressing fluorescent proteins in axons were repaired with grafts from non‐fluorescent hosts to study axon elongation when p75NTR was eliminated separately from axons and immune cells...
Wed Aug 19, 2020 12:40
Abstract The endocannabinoid system is implicated in a plethora of neuropsychiatric disorders. However, it is technically challenging to assess the turnover of 2‐arachidonoyl glycerol (2‐AG), the principal endocannabinoid molecule in the brain. Two recent studies showed that diacylglycerol lipase α (DAGLα), an enzyme chiefly responsible for the cerebral production of 2‐AG, also accepts the surrogate chromogenic substrate 4‐nitrophenyl butyrate (4‐NPB). Here we aimed to optimize this spectrophotometric...
Wed Aug 19, 2020 11:37
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Carotid-cavernous fistulas are abnormal vascular shunts that can cause various neurologic or orbital symptoms. The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of thin-section MR imaging for carotid cavernous fistula in patients with clinically suspected carotid cavernous fistula, and to identify possible imaging predictors of carotid cavernous fistula.MATERIALS AND METHODS:A total of 98 patients who were clinically suspected of having carotid...
Thu Aug 20, 2020 19:50
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:A large spectrum of neurologic disease has been reported in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Our aim was to investigate the yield of neuroimaging in patients with COVID-19 undergoing CT or MR imaging of the brain and to describe associated imaging findings.MATERIALS AND METHODS:We performed a retrospective cohort study involving 2054 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 presenting to 2 hospitals in New York City between March 4 and May 9,...
Thu Aug 20, 2020 19:26
SUMMARY:Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children is a recently described complication in the late phase of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection involving systemic hyperinflammation and multiorgan dysfunction. The extent of its clinical picture is actively evolving and has yet to be fully elucidated. While neurologic manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 are well-described in the adult population, reports of neurologic complications in pediatric patients with SARS-CoV-2...
Thu Aug 20, 2020 19:14
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Chest CT is a rapid, useful additional screening tool for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in emergent procedures. We describe the feasibility and interim outcome of implementing a modified imaging algorithm for COVID-19 risk stratification across a regional network of primary stroke centers in the work-up of acute ischemic stroke referrals for time-critical mechanical thrombectomy.MATERIALS AND METHODS:We undertook a retrospective review of 49 patients referred to the regional...
Thu Aug 20, 2020 19:10
SUMMARY:We present a radiology-pathology case series of 3 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with acute ischemic stroke due to fulminant carotid thrombosis overlying mild atherosclerotic plaque and propose a novel stroke mechanism: COVID-associated carotid atherothrombosis.
Thu Aug 20, 2020 19:02
SUMMARY:Chordomas are rare primary bone malignancies derived from notochord remnants. The tumors often are slow-growing and often present with indolent, nonspecific symptoms. Nevertheless, chordomas are locally aggressive and highly prone to local recurrence, necessitating precise planning before biopsy and/or surgical resection. Familiarity with the imaging features of chordomas is, therefore, essential. This case highlights the typical imaging and pathologic features of a spinal chordoma as well...
Thu Aug 20, 2020 19:00
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Slowly expanding/evolving lesions measured by conventional T1-weighted/T2-weighted brain MR imaging may contribute to progressive disability accumulation in MS. We evaluated the longitudinal change in myelin and axonal tissue integrity in white matter slowly expanding/evolving lesions by means of the magnetization transfer ratio and DTI radial diffusivity.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Slowly expanding/evolving lesions were detected within the Study to Assess the Efficacy, Safety, Tolerability,...
Thu Aug 20, 2020 18:35
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Clinical outcomes after endovascular treatment for acute basilar artery occlusions need further investigation. Our aim was to analyze predictors of a 90-day good functional outcome defined as mRS 0–2 after endovascular treatment in MR imaging–selected patients with acute basilar artery occlusions.MATERIALS AND METHODS:We analyzed consecutive MR imaging–selected patients with acute basilar artery occlusions endovascularly treated within the first 24 hours after symptom onset....
Thu Aug 20, 2020 18:31
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:The association of arterial tortuosity and connective tissue diseases is widely reported in the literature, but only a few studies were based on a quantitative evaluation of this arterial phenotype, and none of the latter examined the intracranial vasculature. The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of intracranial arterial tortuosity in patients with Marfan syndrome and those with Loeys-Dietz syndrome, and to assess its usefulness in the differential diagnosis.MATERIALS...
Thu Aug 20, 2020 18:23
SUMMARY:When preparing for the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and its effects on the CNS, radiologists should be familiar with neuroimaging appearances in past zoonotic infectious disease outbreaks. Organisms that have crossed the species barrier from animals to humans include viruses such as Hendra, Nipah, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, and influenza, as well as bacteria and others. Brain CT and MR imaging findings have included cortical abnormalities, microinfarction in the white matter,...
Thu Aug 20, 2020 18:21
SUMMARY:The accurate and safe delivery of a microcatheter to a targeted shunt pouch is essential for successful transvenous embolization of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas. However, complex anatomy and variations in head and neck veins and occluded sinuses can hinder intraprocedural microcatheter delivery. In this study, we introduce an intraprocedural flat panel detector rotational angiography and image fusion technique to aid precise navigation inside the veins and proper placement of...
Thu Aug 20, 2020 18:15
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Thrombectomy up to 24 hours after stroke onset in patients with specific ischemic brain volumes remains a challenge, because many stroke centers do not apply specialized software to calculate ischemic volumes at advanced imaging. We aimed to establish the association between relative filling time delay on CTP source imaging and ischemic volume parameters and the infarct penumbra to core volume mismatch in patients with acute ischemic stroke.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Consecutive...
Thu Aug 20, 2020 18:08
SUMMARY:There are very limited published data on the neurologic complications associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the pediatric population. Here we present the first 2 pediatric cases of presumed COVID-19 related cytotoxic lesions of the corpus callosum. Similar to reports in adults, these cases suggest that the COVID-19 infection in children may rarely mediate a hyperinflammatory response that can cause CNS pathology. As the pandemic continues further, the presentation of cytotoxic...
Thu Aug 20, 2020 18:02
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Endovascular navigation through tortuous vessels can be complex. Tools that can optimise this access phase need to be developed. Our aim was to evaluate the feasibility of supra-aortic vessel catheterization guidance by means of live fluoroscopy fusion with MR angiography or CT angiography.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Twenty-five patients underwent preinterventional diagnostic MRA, and 8 patients underwent CTA. Fusion guidance was evaluated in 35 sessions of catheterization, targeting...
Thu Aug 20, 2020 17:58
SUMMARY:Bilateral basal ganglia hemorrhage is exceedingly rare. To our knowledge, our patient is the first reported case of a confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patient who had bilateral basal ganglia hemorrhage. In the absence of other risk factors for bilateral deep cerebral involvement, we suspect that COVID-19 may be contributing to these rare pathologies. Most published data represent a correlation between COVID-19 and neurologic complications, and more research is still needed to...
Thu Aug 20, 2020 17:47
BACKGROUND:The utility of vessel wall MR imaging in identifying unstable intracranial aneurysms has been suggested but remains controversial.PURPOSE:Our aim was to provide further insight into the potential relationship between aneurysm wall enhancement on initial vessel wall imaging and aneurysm instability at follow-up.DATA SOURCES:Our sources were PubMed, Scopus, the Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials.STUDY SELECTION:We searched for English language studies...
Thu Aug 20, 2020 17:38
During nociceptive processing of pain, activated regions, specified as the ‘pain matrix’, have been proven not selectively or preferentially tied to pain. Counterintuitively, the deactivated regions, especially the default mode network (DMN), are recently revealed to be simultaneously and functionally involved. In this study, we searched for pain-specific structural correlates among pain-free young adults using the voxel-based morphometry (VBM) approach within regions of interest comprising the pain...
Mon Aug 17, 2020 03:00
Melanocortins are neuropeptides exerting versatile functions in the nervous system. Melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) is primarily expressed in the brain and is thought to be a major mediator for melanocortin. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may be a crucial downstream molecule of MC4R activation, to yield neurite outgrowth, neuroregenerative, anorexigenic and other actions. In this study, we stimulated Neuro2a murine neuronal cells with an α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) analog, [Nle(4),...
Mon Aug 17, 2020 03:00
Publication date: November 2020Source: World Neurosurgery, Volume 143Author(s): Wei You, Weipeng Hu, Fan Wang, Zhigang Pan, Qiangbin Zhu, Jianfeng Zhou, Weipeng Hu
Thu Aug 20, 2020 18:45
Publication date: November 2020Source: World Neurosurgery, Volume 143Author(s): Zhaoping Yu, Shugang Cao, Aimei Wu, Hong Yue, Chi Zhang, Juan Wang, Mingwu Xia, Juncang Wu
Thu Aug 20, 2020 18:45
Publication date: November 2020Source: World Neurosurgery, Volume 143Author(s): Aline Lariessy Campos Paiva, Antonio Afonso de Salles, Juliete Melo Diniz, Crystian Chagas Saraiva, Gabriel Rissoli Ramos, Alessandra Augusta Gorgulho
Thu Aug 20, 2020 18:45
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