Πέμπτη 20 Αυγούστου 2020

 Attosecond spectroscopy of liquid water

Electronic dynamics in liquids are of fundamental importance, but time-resolved experiments have so far remained limited to the femtosecond time scale. We report the extension of attosecond spectroscopy to the liquid phase. We measured time delays of 50 to 70 attoseconds between the photoemission from liquid water and that from gaseous water at photon energies of 21.7 to 31.0 electron volts. These photoemission delays can be decomposed into a photoionization delay sensitive to the local environment...
Science: Current Issue
Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
A dangerous rush for vaccines
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Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
In utero treatment for hypertension
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Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
News at a glance
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Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
BTN3A1 governs antitumor responses
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Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
Critics question whether novel reactor is 'walk-away safe
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Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
A transient superconductor
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Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
Paradox puts objectivity on shaky footing
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Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
Antibody cocktail to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein prevents rapid mutational escape seen with individual antibodies
Antibodies targeting the spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) present a promising approach to combat the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic; however, concerns remain that mutations can yield antibody resistance. We investigated the development of resistance against four antibodies to the spike protein that potently neutralize SARS-CoV-2, individually as well as when combined into cocktails. These antibodies remain effective against spike variants...
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Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
Coronavirus creates a flu season guessing game
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Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
A present-day atlas of the human brain
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Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
Pandemic's fallout on malaria control appears limited so far
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Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
Calibrating mtDNA mutations through age
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Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
Pandemic lockdown stirs up ecological research
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Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
Shaping colloidal bananas to reveal biaxial, splay-bend nematic, and smectic phases
Understanding the impact of curvature on the self-assembly of elongated microscopic building blocks, such as molecules and proteins, is key to engineering functional materials with predesigned structure. We develop model "banana-shaped" colloidal particles with tunable dimensions and curvature, whose structure and dynamics are accessible at the particle level. By heating initially straight rods made of SU-8 photoresist, we induce a controllable shape deformation that causes the rods to buckle into...
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Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
Mud
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Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
Antitumor activity of a systemic STING-activating non-nucleotide cGAMP mimetic
Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) links innate immunity to biological processes ranging from antitumor immunity to microbiome homeostasis. Mechanistic understanding of the anticancer potential for STING receptor activation is currently limited by metabolic instability of the natural cyclic dinucleotide (CDN) ligands. From a pathway-targeted cell-based screen, we identified a non-nucleotide, small-molecule STING agonist, termed SR-717, that demonstrates broad interspecies and interallelic specificity....
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Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
Mud on the move
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Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
Neutrophil extracellular traps target senescent vasculature for tissue remodeling in retinopathy
In developed countries, the leading causes of blindness such as diabetic retinopathy are characterized by disorganized vasculature that can become fibrotic. Although many such pathological vessels often naturally regress and spare sight-threatening complications, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we used orthogonal approaches in human patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and a mouse model of ischemic retinopathies to identify an unconventional role for neutrophils in vascular...
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Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
A muddy legacy
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Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
Targeting a distant C-H bond
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Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
The mud is electric
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Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
An antibody cocktail against SARS-CoV-2
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Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
Next up: a phone powered by microbial wires?
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Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
Robots fuel up
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Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
A dam big problem
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Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
Basal ganglia, beta oscillations, and insomnia
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Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
Red alert
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Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
Cross-reactivity between tumor MHC class I-restricted antigens and an enterococcal bacteriophage
Intestinal microbiota have been proposed to induce commensal-specific memory T cells that cross-react with tumor-associated antigens. We identified major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I–binding epitopes in the tail length tape measure protein (TMP) of a prophage found in the genome of the bacteriophage Enterococcus hirae. Mice bearing E. hirae harboring this prophage mounted a TMP-specific H-2Kb–restricted CD8+ T lymphocyte response upon immunotherapy with cyclophosphamide or anti–PD-1 antibodies....
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Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
Knowledge transfer for large-scale vaccine manufacturing
Science: Current Issue
Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
Synchronous timing of abrupt climate changes during the last glacial period
Abrupt climate changes during the last glacial period have been detected in a global array of palaeoclimate records, but our understanding of their absolute timing and regional synchrony is incomplete. Our compilation of 63 published, independently dated speleothem records shows that abrupt warmings in Greenland were associated with synchronous climate changes across the Asian Monsoon, South American Monsoon, and European-Mediterranean regions that occurred within decades. Together with the demonstration...
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Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
The foundation of efficient robot learning
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Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
SOSTDC1-producing follicular helper T cells promote regulatory follicular T cell differentiation
Germinal center (GC) responses potentiate the generation of follicular regulatory T (TFR) cells. However, the molecular cues driving TFR cell formation remain unknown. Here, we show that sclerostin domain-containing protein 1 (SOSTDC1), secreted by a subpopulation of follicular helper T (TFH) cells and T–B cell border–enriched fibroblastic reticular cells, is developmentally required for TFR cell generation. Fate tracking and transcriptome assessment in reporter mice establishes SOSTDC1-expressing...
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Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
A glycoprotein in urine binds bacteria and blocks infections
Science: Current Issue
Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
Architecture and function of human uromodulin filaments in urinary tract infections
Uromodulin is the most abundant protein in human urine, and it forms filaments that antagonize the adhesion of uropathogens; however, the filament structure and mechanism of protection remain poorly understood. We used cryo–electron tomography to show that the uromodulin filament consists of a zigzag-shaped backbone with laterally protruding arms. N-glycosylation mapping and biophysical assays revealed that uromodulin acts as a multivalent ligand for the bacterial type 1 pilus adhesin, presenting...
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Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
When the smallest details count
Science: Current Issue
Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
Light harvesting in oxygenic photosynthesis: Structural biology meets spectroscopy
Oxygenic photosynthesis is the main process that drives life on earth. It starts with the harvesting of solar photons that, after transformation into electronic excitations, lead to charge separation in the reaction centers of photosystems I and II (PSI and PSII). These photosystems are large, modular pigment-protein complexes that work in series to fuel the formation of carbohydrates, concomitantly producing molecular oxygen. Recent advances in cryo–electron microscopy have enabled the determination...
Science: Current Issue
Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
Remodeling vasculature to avoid blindness
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Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
Black scientists matter
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Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
Immunotherapy with a sting
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Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
Protective neutralizing antibodies
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Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
Past, present, and future of lead-acid batteries
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Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
Modifying MXene surfaces
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Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
James G. Townsel (1935-2020)
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Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
Targeting STING for cancer therapy
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Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
One step forward, two steps back
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Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
All together then
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Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
Ray Bradbury, luminary of the space age, at 100
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Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
Delivering IL-2 to Tregs
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Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
Baer's pochard duck at risk of extinction
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Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
Let the grass grow old
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Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
Waterbirds' coastal habitat in danger
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Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
High heat
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Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
Protect the giant ibis through the pandemic
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Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
Trap and isolate to extend quantum lifetime
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Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
Pulses of the past
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Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
Preventing protein truncation
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Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
How uromodulin helps flush out bacteria
Science: Current Issue
Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
BTN3A1 governs antitumor responses by coordinating {alpha}{beta} and {gamma}{delta} T cells
Gamma delta () T cells infiltrate most human tumors, but current immunotherapies fail to exploit their in situ major histocompatibility complex–independent tumoricidal potential. Activation of T cells can be elicited by butyrophilin and butyrophilin-like molecules that are structurally similar to the immunosuppressive B7 family members, yet how they regulate and coordinate αβ and T cell responses remains unknown. Here, we report that the butyrophilin BTN3A1 inhibits tumor-reactive αβ T cell receptor...
Science: Current Issue
Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
A deeper look at cancer immunity
Science: Current Issue
Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
Isolation of potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies and protection from disease in a small animal model
Countermeasures to prevent and treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are a global health priority. We enrolled a cohort of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)–recovered participants, developed neutralization assays to investigate antibody responses, adapted our high-throughput antibody generation pipeline to rapidly screen more than 1800 antibodies, and established an animal model to test protection. We isolated potent neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) to two epitopes on...
Science: Current Issue
Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
A fork in the road for drug resistance
Science: Current Issue
Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
Asymmetric remote C-H borylation of aliphatic amides and esters with a modular iridium catalyst
Site selectivity and stereocontrol remain major challenges in C–H bond functionalization chemistry, especially in linear aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon scaffolds. We report the highly enantioselective and site-selective catalytic borylation of remote C(sp3)–H bonds to the carbonyl group in aliphatic secondary and tertiary amides and esters. A chiral C–H activation catalyst was modularly assembled from an iridium center, a chiral monophosphite ligand, an achiral urea-pyridine receptor ligand, and...
Science: Current Issue
Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
Phages and cancer immunity
Science: Current Issue
Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
Covalent surface modifications and superconductivity of two-dimensional metal carbide MXenes
Versatile chemical transformations of surface functional groups in two-dimensional transition-metal carbides (MXenes) open up a previously unexplored design space for this broad class of functional materials. We introduce a general strategy to install and remove surface groups by performing substitution and elimination reactions in molten inorganic salts. Successful synthesis of MXenes with oxygen, imido, sulfur, chlorine, selenium, bromine, and tellurium surface terminations, as well as bare MXenes...
Science: Current Issue
Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
Controlling the curvature
Science: Current Issue
Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
Julich-Brain: A 3D probabilistic atlas of the human brains cytoarchitecture
Cytoarchitecture is a basic principle of microstructural brain parcellation. We introduce Julich-Brain, a three-dimensional atlas containing cytoarchitectonic maps of cortical areas and subcortical nuclei. The atlas is probabilistic, which enables it to account for variations between individual brains. Building such an atlas was highly data- and labor-intensive and required the development of nested, interdependent workflows for detecting borders between brain areas, data processing, provenance tracking,...
Science: Current Issue
Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
SOSTDC1 for germinal center regulation
Science: Current Issue
Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
Abrupt CO2 release to the atmosphere under glacial and early interglacial climate conditions
Pulse-like carbon dioxide release to the atmosphere on centennial time scales has only been identified for the most recent glacial and deglacial periods and is thought to be absent during warmer climate conditions. Here, we present a high-resolution carbon dioxide record from 330,000 to 450,000 years before present, revealing pronounced carbon dioxide jumps (CDJ) under cold and warm climate conditions. CDJ come in two varieties that we attribute to invigoration or weakening of the Atlantic meridional...
Science: Current Issue
Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
Attosecond science in liquid phase
Science: Current Issue
Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
Studies in humanized mice and convalescent humans yield a SARS-CoV-2 antibody cocktail
Neutralizing antibodies have become an important tool in treating infectious diseases. Recently, two separate approaches yielded successful antibody treatments for Ebola—one from genetically humanized mice and the other from a human survivor. Here, we describe parallel efforts using both humanized mice and convalescent patients to generate antibodies against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein, which yielded a large collection of fully human antibodies that...
Science: Current Issue
Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
Architectures for light harvesting
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Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
Choose your adviser wisely
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Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
Making robots useful
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Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
Erratum for the Perspective "Opening the floodgates at Fukushima" by K. O. Buesseler
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Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
Remodeling senescent blood vessels
Science: Current Issue
Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38
An orally available non-nucleotide STING agonist with antitumor activity
Pharmacological activation of the STING (stimulator of interferon genes)–controlled innate immune pathway is a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer. Here we report the identification of MSA-2, an orally available non-nucleotide human STING agonist. In syngeneic mouse tumor models, subcutaneous and oral MSA-2 regimens were well tolerated and stimulated interferon-β secretion in tumors, induced tumor regression with durable antitumor immunity, and synergized with anti–PD-1 therapy. Experimental...
Science: Current Issue
Thu Aug 20, 2020 20:38

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