Biomed Chromatogr. 2019 Oct 28:e4727. doi: 10.1002/bmc.4727.
Anti-hyperuricemia activity and toxicity prediction of a novel xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitor.
Zhou L1,2, Wei B2, Wu L1, Li J1, Zhu B3, Zhang L1.
Author information
1
School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
2
Evaluation and Monitoring Center of Occupational Health, Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
3
Analytical and Testing Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
PMID: 31657461 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4727
Select item 31657458
2.
Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2019 Oct 28. doi: 10.1002/ijgo.13019. [Epub ahead of print]
Estimating obstetric and gynecologic surgical rate: A benchmark of surgical capacity building in Ghana.
Gyedu A1, Lester L2, Stewart B3, Danso KA4, Salia EL1, Quansah R1, Donkor P1, Mock C3,5,6.
Author information
1
Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
2
New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
3
Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
4
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
5
Harborview Injury Prevention & Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
6
Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE:
To estimate the annual rate of obstetric and gynecologic (ObGyn) operations performed in Ghana and establish a baseline for tracking expansion of Ghana's surgical capacity.

METHODS:
Data were obtained for ObGyn operations performed in Ghana between 2014 and 2015 from a nationally representative sample of hospitals and scaled up for national estimates. Operations were classified as "essential" or "other" according to The World Bank's Disease Control Priorities Project. Data were used to calculate cesarean-to-total-operation ratio (CTR) and estimate the rate of cesarean deliveries based on the number of live births in 2014.

RESULTS:
A total of 90 044 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 69 461-110 628) ObGyn operations were performed nationally over the 1-year period, yielding an annual national ObGyn operation rate of 881/100 000 females aged 12 years and over (95% UI 679-1082). Eighty-seven percent were essential procedures, 80% of which were cesarean deliveries. District hospitals performed 71% of ObGyn operations. The national rate of cesarean deliveries was 7.2% and the CTR was 0.27.

CONCLUSION:
The cesarean delivery rate of 7.2% suggests inadequate access to obstetric care. The CTR of 0.27 suggests inadequate overall surgical capacity. These measures, along with estimates of distribution of procedures by hospital level, provide useful baseline data to support surgical capacity building efforts in Ghana and similar countries.

© 2019 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics.

KEYWORDS:
Cesarean delivery; Enumeration; Ghana; Global surgery; Obstetrics and gynecology; Surgical rate

PMID: 31657458 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.13019
Select item 31657435
3.
Soft Matter. 2019 Oct 28. doi: 10.1039/c9sm00946a. [Epub ahead of print]
Acoustic fields and microfluidic patterning around embedded micro-structures subject to surface acoustic waves.
Collins DJ1, O'Rorke R2, Neild A3, Han J4, Ai Y2.
Author information
1
Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia. david.collins@unimelb.edu.au.
2
Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore. aiye@sutd.edu.sg.
3
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia.
4
Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Abstract
Recent research has shown that interactions between acoustic waves and microfluidic channels can generate microscale interference patterns with the application of a traveling surface acoustic wave (SAW), effectively creating standing wave patterns with a traveling wave. Forces arising from this interference can be utilized for precise manipulation of micron-sized particles and biological cells. The patterns that have been produced with this method, however, have been limited to straight lines and grids from flat channel walls, and where the spacing resulting from this interference has not previously been comprehensively explored. In this work we examine the interaction between both straight and curved channel interfaces with a SAW to derive geometrically deduced analytical models. These models predict the acoustic force-field periodicity near a channel interface as a function of its orientation to an underlying SAW, and are validated with experimental and simulation results. Notably, the spacing is larger for flat walls than for curved ones and is dependent on the ratio of sound speeds in the substrate and fluid. Generating these force-field gradients with only travelling waves has wide applications in acoustofluidic systems, where channel interfaces can potentially support a range of patterning, concentration, focusing and separation activities by creating locally defined acoustic forces.

PMID: 31657435 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm00946a
Select item 31657287
4.
Int J Technol Assess Health Care. 2019 Oct 28:1-7. doi: 10.1017/S0266462319000709. [Epub ahead of print]
Mapping of Health Technology Assessment in China: Situation Analysis and International Comparison.
Chen Y1, Chi X1, He Y1, Wei Y1, Oortwijn W2, Shi L3.
Author information
1
Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 20032, China.
2
Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
3
Department of Global Health Management and Policy, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES:
To analyze the current development of HTA in China and to identify areas for improvement, we mapped the level of HTA development in China and compared it with the level of HTA development in ten other countries using a survey instrument.

METHODS:
We launched a nationwide survey targeting different stakeholders. For this purpose, we used a validated instrument that enables mapping HTA development in a country using eight domains. The views of the respondents regarding the overall level of HTA development and for each domain were compared with the results of a mapping study that included ten countries.

RESULTS:
In total, we received 222 responses, 33 from policy-makers, 158 from researchers, and 31 from industry, as well as health provider representatives including 8 from hospitals, centers for disease control and prevention. We calculated the mean score for the level of HTA development. The overall HTA development for China was scored at 76.4 (out of a maximum of 146). Although the total score for China was comparable to the mean score of 75.6 among the ten countries, China scored significantly lower than the mean score of 117.0 among the three developed countries. In addition, China scored significantly lower in the domain of institutionalization compared to the other ten countries.

CONCLUSIONS:
China needs to tackle the issue of low HTA institutionalization to strengthen the foundation of HTA development. Future government initiatives that institutionalize HTA, for example, establishing a national HTA system or consortium, will improve the development of HTA in China.

KEYWORDS:
China; Health policy; Health technology assessment; Institutionalization; Mapping

PMID: 31657287 DOI: 10.1017/S0266462319000709
Select item 31657189
5.
Int J Health Policy Manag. 2019 Aug 1;8(10):613-615. doi: 10.15171/ijhpm.2019.57.
Nurturing Societal Values in and Through Health Innovations Comment on "What Health System Challenges Should Responsible Innovation in Health Address?"
Abrishami P1, Repping S2.
Author information
1
National Health Care Institute, Diemen, The Netherlands.
2
Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Abstract
Aligning innovation processes in healthcare with health system demands is a societal objective, not always achieved. In line with earlier contributions, Lehoux et al outline priorities for research, public communication, and policy action to achieve this objective. We endorse setting these priorities, while also highlighting a 'commitment gap' in collectively addressing system-level challenges. To acknowledge that stakeholders engaged in dialogue with one another are addressing the commitment gap is not a small step but a giant leap towards realising a socially responsible innovation agenda. Translating system-level demand signals into innovation opportunities is, therefore, the task-cum-art of all stakeholders, one that often prompts them to innovate how they deal with innovations.

© 2019 The Author(s); Published by Kerman University of Medical Sciences. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

KEYWORDS:
Health Technology Assessment; Innovation Policy; Responsible Innovation; Social Entrepreneurship; Stakeholder Participation

PMID: 31657189 DOI: 10.15171/ijhpm.2019.57
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Select item 31657184
6.
Int J Health Policy Manag. 2019 Aug 1;8(10):575-582. doi: 10.15171/ijhpm.2019.36.
Problems and Promises of Health Technologies: The Role of Early Health Economic Modeling.
Grutters JPC1, Govers T2, Nijboer J2, Tummers M1, van der Wilt GJ3, Rovers MM4.
Author information
1
Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
2
Medvalue, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
3
Department for Health Evidence, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
4
Department of Operating Rooms, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
To assess whether early health economic modeling helps to distinguish those healthcare innovations that are potentially cost-effective from those that are not potentially cost-effective. We will also study what information is retrieved from the health economic models to inform further development, research and implementation decisions.

METHODS:
We performed secondary analyses on an existing database of 32 health economic modeling assessments of 30 innovations, performed by our group. First, we explored whether the assessments could distinguish innovations with potential cost-effectiveness from innovations without potential cost-effectiveness. Second, we explored which recommendations were made regarding development, implementation and further research of the innovation.

RESULTS:
Of the 30 innovations, 1 (3%) was an idea that was not yet being developed and 14 (47%) were under development. Eight (27%) innovations had finished development, and another 7 (23%) innovations were on the market. Although all assessments showed that the innovation had the potential to become cost-effective, due to improved patient outcomes, cost savings or both, differences were found in the magnitude of the potential benefits, and the likelihood of reaching this potential. The assessments informed how the innovation could be further developed or positioned to maximize its cost-effectiveness, and informed further research.

CONCLUSION:
The early health economic assessments provided insight in the potential cost-effectiveness of an innovation in its intended context, and the associated uncertainty. None of the assessments resulted in a firm 'no-go' recommendation, but recommendations could be provided on further research and development in order to maximize value for money.

© 2019 The Author(s); Published by Kerman University of Medical Sciences. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

KEYWORDS:
Early Assessment; Health Economic Modeling; Health Technology Assessment; Innovation; Innovation Policy

PMID: 31657184 DOI: 10.15171/ijhpm.2019.36
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Select item 31657155
7.
Int J Rheum Dis. 2019 Oct 27. doi: 10.1111/1756-185X.13717. [Epub ahead of print]
Relationship between lower limb vascular characteristics, peripheral arterial disease and gait in rheumatoid arthritis.
Tehan PE1, Stewart S2, Chuter VH1, Carroll M2, Rutherfurd KJ2, Brenton-Rule A2.
Author information
1
Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW, Australia.
2
Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Clinical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES:
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with higher risk of atherosclerotic vascular disease, including peripheral arterial disease (PAD). The aim of this study was to measure lower limb vascular characteristics (indicative of PAD), using non-invasive chairside testing methods, in people with RA compared to matched controls, and to determine the association between vascular characteristics and gait velocity as a measure of functional capacity in people with RA.

METHODS:
This was a cross-sectional pilot study which measured lower limb vascular characteristics (bilateral continuous wave Doppler, toe brachial index [TBI] and ankle brachial index [ABI]) and gait velocity (6-m walk test) in people with RA and controls. Differences in vascular characteristics between groups were determined using linear regression models, and associations between vascular characteristics and gait were determined using logistic regression models.

RESULTS:
Seventy-two participants were included: 34 participants with RA mean disease duration 26.2 (SD 12.1) and 38 age- and sex-matched controls. The control group contained 30 females (79%), and the RA group had 28 females (82%). There were no significant differences between the RA and control groups for lower limb vascular characteristics. People with RA walked significantly slower compared to controls (1.10 m/s vs 0.91 m/s, P < .001). People with RA who had abnormal TBI, or abnormal qualitative Doppler walked significantly slower compared to those with normal TBI (0.86 m/s vs 0.95 m/s, P = .043 and 0.81 m/s, vs 0.93 m/s, P = .028). There was no significant association between ABI and gait velocity.

CONCLUSION:
This study did not identify different lower limb vascular characteristics in people with RA compared to matched controls. However, in people with RA, abnormal Doppler and TBI results are associated with slower walking velocity.

© 2019 Asia Pacific League of Associations for Rheumatology and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.

KEYWORDS:
Doppler; ankle brachial index; gait; peripheral arterial disease; rheumatoid arthritis; toe brachial index

PMID: 31657155 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185X.13717
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Select item 31657124
8.
Autism Res. 2019 Oct 27. doi: 10.1002/aur.2231. [Epub ahead of print]
Differential profiles of response inhibition deficit between male children with autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia.
Shi LJ1,2, Zhou HY1,3, Shen YM4, Wang Y1,3, Fang YM4, He YQ4, Ou JJ4, Luo XR4, Cheung EFC5, Chan RCK1,3.
Author information
1
Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
2
School of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China.
3
Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
4
Mental Health Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
5
Castle Peak Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and schizophrenia (SZ) are both associated with response inhibition impairment. However, the relative pattern of deficits in these two disorders remains unclear. Twenty-three male children with ASD, 23 male children with SZ, and 32 typically developing male controls were recruited to complete a set of tasks measuring response inhibition in the visual, auditory, and verbal domains. We found that visual, auditory, and verbal response inhibitions were impaired in both children with ASD and children with SZ. Compared with typically developing controls, children with ASD made more commission errors whereas children with SZ responded much slower in the visual response inhibition task. Both clinical groups showed comparable impairment in verbal response inhibition, but children with SZ were more impaired in auditory response inhibition than children with ASD. These different patterns of response inhibition deficit between male children with ASD and SZ may help to differentiate between these two disorders and may be potential targets for intervention. Autism Res 2019, 00: 1-8. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: In this study, we found that male children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) made more commission errors whereas male children with schizophrenia (SZ) responded much slower in the visual response inhibition task. Both clinical groups exhibited comparable impairments in verbal response inhibition, but male children with SZ were more impaired in auditory response inhibition than male children with ASD. Our findings provide potential targets for intervention.

© 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

KEYWORDS:
auditory; autism spectrum disorder; response inhibition; schizophrenia; verbal; visual

PMID: 31657124 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2231
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Select item 31657111
9.
Mol Syst Biol. 2019 Oct;15(10):e9005. doi: 10.15252/msb.20199005.
Combinatorial prediction of marker panels from single-cell transcriptomic data.
Delaney C1, Schnell A2, Cammarata LV3, Yao-Smith A4, Regev A5,6, Kuchroo VK2,6, Singer M1,6,7.
Author information
1
Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
2
Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
3
Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
4
Department of Computer Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
5
Department of Biology and Koch Institute of Integrative Cancer Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
6
Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
7
Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Abstract
Single-cell transcriptomic studies are identifying novel cell populations with exciting functional roles in various in vivo contexts, but identification of succinct gene marker panels for such populations remains a challenge. In this work, we introduce COMET, a computational framework for the identification of candidate marker panels consisting of one or more genes for cell populations of interest identified with single-cell RNA-seq data. We show that COMET outperforms other methods for the identification of single-gene panels and enables, for the first time, prediction of multi-gene marker panels ranked by relevance. Staining by flow cytometry assay confirmed the accuracy of COMET's predictions in identifying marker panels for cellular subtypes, at both the single- and multi-gene levels, validating COMET's applicability and accuracy in predicting favorable marker panels from transcriptomic input. COMET is a general non-parametric statistical framework and can be used as-is on various high-throughput datasets in addition to single-cell RNA-sequencing data. COMET is available for use via a web interface (http://www.cometsc.com/) or a stand-alone software package (https://github.com/MSingerLab/COMETSC).

© 2019 The Authors. Published under the terms of the CC BY 4.0 license.

KEYWORDS:
cell types; computational biology; data analysis; marker panel; single-cell RNA-seq

PMID: 31657111 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20199005
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Select item 31657102
10.
Chem Biodivers. 2019 Oct 27. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.201900426. [Epub ahead of print]
Structure - activity relationships analysis of monomeric and polymeric polyphenols (quercetin, rutin and catechin) obtained by various polymerization methods.
Latos-Brozio M1, Masek A1.
Author information
1
Politechnika Lodzka Wydzial Chemiczny, Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Stefanowskiego 12/16, 90-924, Lodz, POLAND.
Abstract
Plant polyphenols, especially flavonoids, are active and pro-health substances found in fruits and vegetables. Quercetin and its glycoside rutin are representatives of flavonoids, commonly found in plant products. Catechins found in large quantities in tea are also a well-known group of natural polyphenols. These compounds are based on the structure of the flavan-3-ol, which is why the number, positions and types of substitutions affect the scavenging of radicals and other properties. Despite some inconsistent evidence, several structure-activity relationship of monomeric flavonoids are well established in vitro. However, the relationships between the activity and other properties of the polymeric forms of flavonoids and their structure are poorly understood so far. The aim of this paper is to compare the data on polymerization of quercetin, rutin and catechin, as well as to systematize knowledge about the structure-activity relationship of the polymeric forms of these compounds.

© 2019 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

KEYWORDS:
natural polyphenol; polymerization; structure - activity relationships (SAR)

PMID: 31657102 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900426
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Select item 31657081
11.
Adv Mater. 2019 Oct 28:e1904752. doi: 10.1002/adma.201904752. [Epub ahead of print]
Room-Temperature-Formed PEDOT:PSS Hydrogels Enable Injectable, Soft, and Healable Organic Bioelectronics.
Zhang S1,2,3, Chen Y2,3,4, Liu H1,2,3,5,6, Wang Z1,2,3, Ling H2,3,7, Wang C8, Ni J1,2,3, Saltik BC1,2,3, Wang X1,2,3, Meng X9, Kim HJ1,2,3, Baidya A1,2,3, Ahadian S1,2,3, Ashammakhi N2,3,10, Dokmeci MR2,3,10, Travas-Sejdic J11,12, Khademhosseini A1,2,3,10,13.
Author information
1
Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
2
Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
3
California NanoSystems Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
4
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
5
The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China.
6
Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China.
7
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
8
Department of Chemistry, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3T 2B1, Canada.
9
Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3C 3A7, Canada.
10
Department of Radiology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
11
Polymer Electronic Research Centre, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.
12
MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Kelburn Parade, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand.
13
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
Abstract
There is an increasing need to develop conducting hydrogels for bioelectronic applications. In particular, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) hydrogels have become a research hotspot due to their excellent biocompatibility and stability. However, injectable PEDOT:PSS hydrogels have been rarely reported. Such syringe-injectable hydrogels are highly desirable for minimally invasive biomedical therapeutics. Here, an approach is demonstrated to develop injectable PEDOT:PSS hydrogels by taking advantage of the room-temperature gelation property of PEDOT:PSS. These PEDOT:PSS hydrogels form spontaneously after syringe-injection into the desired location, without the need of any additional treatments. A facile strategy is also presented for large-scale production of injectable PEDOT:PSS hydrogel fibers at room temperature. Finally, it is demonstrated that these room-temperature-formed PEDOT:PSS hydrogels (RT-PEDOT:PSS hydrogel) and hydrogel fibers can be used for the development of soft and self-healable hydrogel bioelectronic devices.

© 2019 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

KEYWORDS:
PEDOT:PSS hydrogel; healable; injectable; minimally invasive

PMID: 31657081 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201904752
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Select item 31657057
12.
Scand J Caring Sci. 2019 Oct 27. doi: 10.1111/scs.12761. [Epub ahead of print]
Nonpharmacological methods: frequency of use and follow-up actions among healthcare staff in the care of older people.
Lindberg T1, Fagerström C2,3.
Author information
1
Department of Health, Blekinge Institute of Technology, Karlskrona, Sweden.
2
Blekinge Centre of Competence, Blekinge County Council, Karlskrona, Sweden.
3
Department of Health and Caring Science, Faculty of Health and Life Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden.
Abstract
Older people are at risk of developing multi-comorbidity and thus being exposed to multiple treatments and drugs to manage the emerging health complaints. More focus has been put on nonpharmacological alternatives. However, studies revealing the healthcare staff perspective on using nonpharmacological methods (NPMs) in the care of older people are still lacking. Thus, the aim of this study was to map the use of NPMs in daily practices and the follow-up thereof. A population-based survey with questionnaires was performed, included all healthcare professionals (n = 163; nurses and paramedical professionals) working in one district of elderly care in Sweden. The older person's anxiety and worry (76.1%), sleeping problems (53.1%) and pain (41.1%) were the health problems in daily life most likely to trigger use of NPMs. To manage the emerging health problems, interactions (87.1%), diet and nutrition supplements (63.2%) and physical activity were commonly used, particularly by nurses. One third (n = 54) stated that they did not evaluate the NPMs used, with no statistical differences between nurses and paramedical professionals. The present study indicated that NPMs were used in care of older people among nurses and paramedical professionals, but not in a systematic way and often without follow-up.

© 2019 Nordic College of Caring Science.

KEYWORDS:
elderly care; health problems; nonpharmacological methods; older people; survey

PMID: 31657057 DOI: 10.1111/scs.12761
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Select item 31657048
13.
Scand J Caring Sci. 2019 Oct 27. doi: 10.1111/scs.12774. [Epub ahead of print]
Self-rated health in mothers of children hospitalised for severe illnesses and mothers of healthy children: cross-sectional study.
Aftyka A1, Rosa W2, Taczała J3.
Author information
1
Department of Anaesthesiological and Intensive Care Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
2
Department of Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Technology Fundamentals, Lublin University of Technology, Lublin, Poland.
3
Department of Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION:
Self-rated health (SRH) is a recognised tool for predicting morbidity and mortality.

AIM:
The aim of the study was to investigate and compare SRH in a group of mothers of hospitalised children and mothers of healthy children and to indicate the variables associated with poor SRH in both groups.

METHODS:
We conducted questionnaire-based cross-sectional research in a group of 184 women. Half of the respondents (n = 92) were the mothers of children hospitalised for a severe illnesses (Group H). The control group (n = 92) comprised mothers of healthy children (Group C). Self-Rated Health (SRH), Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL-40 v. GP) were used. In order to facilitate critical appraisal and interpretation of results, STROBE recommendations were used.

RESULTS:
The prevalence of poor SRH was greater in mothers of children hospitalised for a severe illness than in those of healthy children (35 and 19%, respectively). In both groups, the risk of poor SRH was statistically significantly higher in those mothers who for the past 7 days reported at least moderate pain and in mothers who manifested anxiety symptoms. In both groups, the prevalence of poor SRH was statistically significantly lower if the respondents' children were in good health. The risk of poor SRH was associated with poor financial status in group H and with depression and at least moderate pain for the past 7 days in group C.

RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE:
In order to provide mothers of severely ill children with high-quality health care including preventive measures, it is recommended that their health is assessed by healthcare professionals.

© 2019 Nordic College of Caring Science.

KEYWORDS:
anxiety; family; mothers; pain; self-rated health

PMID: 31657048 DOI: 10.1111/scs.12774
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Select item 31657032
14.
Sociol Health Illn. 2019 Oct 27. doi: 10.1111/1467-9566.13018. [Epub ahead of print]
'Well, I knew this already' - explaining personal genetic risk information through narrative meaning-making.
Snell K1, Helén I2.
Author information
1
Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
2
Department of Social Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland.
Abstract
This article presents results from a Finnish focus group's study conducted among participants of a project called GeneRISK, in which the participants received a personal risk score for having a cardiovascular event based on genetic analysis, lifestyle and laboratory results. In the discussions, interpretations of the genetic risk score and its meaning were incorporated into personal narratives of health and illness. We argue that instead of serving as an explanation for health and illness, which can help guide people's lives and choices, the genetic risk information became an object of explanation. Therefore, the risk information did not create new conceptions of personal risk, nor did it generate enough power to push people to change their lifestyles. Instead, the risk information was used to strengthen the existing impression of personal risk and the narrative of personal health and illness.

© 2019 Foundation for the Sociology of Health & Illness.

KEYWORDS:
biographical disruption; cardiovascular disease; focus groups; genetic risk; lifestyle; narratives

PMID: 31657032 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.13018
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Select item 31657030
15.
Sociol Health Illn. 2019 Oct 27. doi: 10.1111/1467-9566.13015. [Epub ahead of print]
Restraint minimisation in mental health care: legitimate or illegitimate force? An ethnographic study.
McKeown M1, Thomson G2, Scholes A1, Jones F3, Downe S2, Price O4, Baker J5, Greenwood P6, Whittington R7, Duxbury J8.
Author information
1
School of Nursing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK.
2
School of Community Health and Midwifery, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK.
3
Community Futures, Preston, UK.
4
School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
5
School of Healthcare, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
6
Advancing Quality Alliance, Salford, UK.
7
Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
8
Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.
Abstract
Coercive practices, such as physical restraint, are used globally to respond to violent, aggressive and other behaviours displayed by mental health service users.1 A number of approaches have been designed to aid staff working within services to minimise the use of restraint and other restrictive practices. One such approach, the 'REsTRAIN Yourself' (RYS) initiative, has been evaluated in the UK. Rapid ethnography was used to explore the aspects of organisational culture and staff behaviour exhibited by teams of staff working within 14 acute admission mental health wards in the North West region of the English NHS. Findings comprise four core themes of space and place; legitimation; meaningful activity; and, therapeutic engagement that represent characteristics of daily life on the wards before and after implementation of the RYS intervention. Tensions between staff commitments to therapeutic relations and constraining factors were revealed in demarcations of ward space and limitations on availability of meaningful activities. The physical, relational and discursive means by which ward spaces are segregated prompts attention to the observed materialities of routine care. Legitimation was identified as a crucial discursive practice in the context of staff reliance upon coercion. Trauma-informed care represents a potentially alternative legitimacy.

© 2019 Foundation for the Sociology of Health & Illness.

KEYWORDS:
ethnography; materialities; nurse-patient communication/interaction; nursing; violence

PMID: 31657030 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.13015
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Select item 31657023
16.
Vox Sang. 2019 Oct 28. doi: 10.1111/vox.12856. [Epub ahead of print]
FinDonor 10 000 study: a cohort to identify iron depletion and factors affecting it in Finnish blood donors.
Lobier M1, Niittymäki P1, Nikiforow N1, Palokangas E1, Larjo A1, Mattila P1, Castrén J1, Partanen J1, Arvas M1.
Author information
1
Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Research and Development, Helsinki, Finland.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
There is increasing evidence that frequent blood donation depletes the iron stores of some blood donors. The FinDonor 10 000 study was set up to study iron status and factors affecting iron stores in Finnish blood donors. In Finland, iron supplementation for at-risk groups has been in place since the 1980s.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:
A total of 2584 blood donors (N = 8003 samples) were recruited into the study alongside standard donation at three donation sites in the capital region of Finland between 5/2015 and 12/2017. All participants were asked to fill out a questionnaire about their health and lifestyle. Blood samples were collected from the sample pouch of whole blood collection set, kept in cool temperature and processed centrally. Whole blood count, CRP, ferritin and sTFR were measured from the samples, and DNA was isolated for GWAS studies.

RESULTS:
Participant demographics, albeit in general similar to the general blood donor population in Finland, indicated some bias towards older and more frequent donors. Participation in the study increased median donation frequency of the donors. Analysis of the effect of time lag from the sampling to the analysis and the time of day when sample was drawn revealed small but significant time-dependent changes.

CONCLUSION:
The FinDonor cohort now provides us with tools to identify potential donor groups at increased risk of iron deficiency and factors explaining this risk. The increase in donation frequency during the study suggests that scientific projects can be used to increase the commitment of blood donors.

© 2019 The Authors. Vox Sanguinis published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Blood Transfusion.

KEYWORDS:
blood donation; blood donors; cohort; health; iron

PMID: 31657023 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12856
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Select item 31657019
17.
J Med Primatol. 2019 Oct 28. doi: 10.1111/jmp.12448. [Epub ahead of print]
Computed tomographic excretory urography for diagnosing ectopic ureter in a female rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta).
Kim JM1.
Author information
1
Xenotransplantation Research Center, Institute of Endemic Diseases, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
Abstract
Ectopic ureter is a congenital abnormality where the ureter terminates at a site other than the urinary bladder. A five-year-old female rhesus monkey presented with a urine odor, a wet perineum, and persistent dribbling of urine. An ultrasound examination revealed a cyst-like structure (1 × 0.75 cm) on the left side of the bladder. Computed tomographic excretory urography (CTEU) imaging revealed a left unilateral extramural ectopic ureter, which was connected to the vagina. The perineum and wet hair were dried and disinfected with 0.4% chlorhexidine for perineal hygiene and skin care. The animal was closely monitored for potential moist dermatitis near the perineum and for urinary tract infection. The complete blood count (CBC) and blood chemistry results showed no signs of inflammation during the observation period. This is the first report of detailed diagnosis of ectopic ureter by ultrasound and CTEU in a female rhesus monkey.

© 2019 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

KEYWORDS:
computed tomographic excretory urography; extramural unilateral ectopic ureter; rhesus monkey

PMID: 31657019 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12448
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Select item 31656950
18.
J Hosp Manag Health Policy. 2019 Sep;3(22). doi: 10.21037/jhmhp.2019.08.01. Epub 2019 Sep 3.
A Health System's Pilot Experience with Using Social Knowledge Networking (SKN) Technology to Enable Meaningful Use of EHR Medication Reconciliation Technology.
Rangachari P1, Dellsperger KC2, Rethemeyer RK3.
Author information
1
Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences College of Allied Health Sciences Augusta University, Augusta, GA.
2
Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA.
3
Rockefeller College of Public Affairs and Policy, University at Albany, State University of New York (SUNY), Albany, NY.
Abstract
Similar to issues faced in health systems across USA, AU Health, based in Augusta, Georgia, faced a scenario of low physician engagement in, and limited-use of its Electronic Health Record (EHR) Medication Reconciliation (MedRec) technology, which translated to high rates of medication discrepancies and low accuracy of the patient's active medication list, during transitions of care. In fall 2016, a two-year grant was secured from the U.S. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), to pilot a Social Knowledge Networking (SKN) system pertaining to "EHR-MedRec," to enable AU Health to progress from "limited use" of EHR MedRec technology, to "meaningful use." The rationale behind an SKN system, is that it could provide a platform for inter-professional knowledge exchange on practice issues related to EHR MedRec, across diverse provider subgroups and care settings, to highlight adverse consequences of gaps in practice for patient safety, and emphasize the value of adhering to best-practices in EHR MedRec. This, in turn, is expected to increase provider engagement in addressing issues related to EHR MedRec, and promote inter-professional learning of best-practices, to create a foundation for practice change or improvement (e.g., Meaningful Use of EHR MedRec technology). This Case Report describes AU Health's experiences with this novel initiative to pilot an SKN system for enabling Meaningful Use of EHR MedRec technology. It also discusses lessons learned in regard to the potential of an SKN system to enable inter-professional learning and practice improvement in the context of EHR MedRec, which, in turn, helps identify strategies and practice implications for healthcare managers.

KEYWORDS:
Change Implementation; Electronic Health Records; Inter-Professional Learning; Meaningful Use; Medication Reconciliation; Patient Safety; Social Knowledge Networks; Transitions-of-Care

PMID: 31656950 DOI: 10.21037/jhmhp.2019.08.01
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Conflict of interest statement
Select item 31656942
19.
Environ Epidemiol. 2019 Feb;3(1). pii: e033. doi: 10.1097/EE9.0000000000000033.
Cardiac Autonomic Effects of Secondhand Exposure to Nicotine from Electronic Cigarettes: An Exploratory Study.
Lee MS1, Rees VW2, Koutrakis P3, Wolfson JM3, Son YS4, Lawrence J3, Christiani DC1,5.
Author information
1
Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
2
Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
3
Exposure, Epidemiology and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
4
Department of Environmental Engineering, Environmental and Marine Sciences and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea.
5
Massachusetts General Hospital / Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
The rapid increase in prevalence of e-cigarette (EC) use may lead to widespread exposure to secondhand emissions among nonsmokers, but evidence on the potential cardiovascular health risks is limited. We aimed to investigate effect of short-term secondhand exposure to nicotine from e-cigarette (EC) emissions on cardiac autonomic function using heart rate variability (HRV).

METHODS:
A randomized, repeated measures crossover study of healthy nonsmoking volunteers was conducted. Standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN), average of the standard deviation of NN intervals (ASDNN), root mean square of successive differences (rMSSD), and heart rate-corrected QT interval (QTc) were calculated during one hour of EC exposure session.

RESULTS:
Nicotine from EC emissions was associated with a 7.8% decrease in SDNN (95% CI, -11.2% to -4.3%), 7.7% decrease in ASDNN (95% CI, -11.0% to -4.2%) and 3.8 msec decrease in QTc (95% CI, -5.8 to -1.9). Compared with a short exposure time period (<15min), greater nicotine associated with reductions in ASDNN (P for interaction = 0.076) with longer exposure time periods. For QTc, greater nicotine associated with reductions were found during 15-30 min exposure time period (P for interaction = 0.04).

CONCLUSION:
We present the first evidence of cardiac autonomic effects of short-term secondhand exposure to nicotine from EC emissions among healthy nonsmokers. Further comprehensive research on EC exposure extending to more subjects and flavor compounds is warranted.

KEYWORDS:
E-cigarette; cardiovascular risk; heart rate variability; nicotine

PMID: 31656942 PMCID: PMC6814191 DOI: 10.1097/EE9.0000000000000033
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Conflict of interest statement
Select item 31656913
20.
ACS Omega. 2019 Oct 11;4(17):17404-17416. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02187. eCollection 2019 Oct 22.
Investigating Phosphorylation-Induced Conformational Changes in WNK1 Kinase by Molecular Dynamics Simulations.
Jonniya NA1, Sk MF1, Kar P1.
Author information
1
Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Abstract
The With-No-Lysine (WNK) kinase is considered to be a master regulator for various cation-chloride cotransporters involved in maintaining cell-volume and ion homeostasis. Here, we have investigated the phosphorylation-induced structural dynamics of the WNK1 kinase bound to an inhibitor via atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. Results from our simulations show that the phosphorylation at Ser382 could stabilize the otherwise flexible activation loop (A-loop). The intrahelix salt-bridge formed between Arg264 and Glu268 in the unphosphorylated system is disengaged after the phosphorylation, and Glu268 reorients itself and forms a stable salt-bridge with Arg348. The dynamic cross-correlation analysis shows that phosphorylation diminishes anticorrelated motions and increases correlated motions between different domains. Structural network analysis reveals that the phosphorylation causes structural rearrangements and shortens the communication path between the αC-helix and catalytic loop, making the binding pocket more suitable for accommodating the ligand. Overall, we have characterized the structural changes in the WNK kinase because of phosphorylation in the A-loop, which might help in designing rational drugs.

Copyright © 2019 American Chemical Society.

PMID: 31656913 PMCID: PMC6812135 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02187