Audacity and perseverance under prodigious adversities Jonathan Nwiloh Nigerian Journal of Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery 2019 4(1):1-2

History of pioneer black surgeons in American medicine – Conclusion Aubre De L Maynard, Arthur Brown Lee, Mark Walker, Jonathan Nwiloh Nigerian Journal of Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery 2019 4(1):3-8

Obstructive sleep apnea: 2019 update Anthony P Kimani Nigerian Journal of Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery 2019 4(1):9-13 Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common and potentially life-threatening breathing disorder that remains significantly under-diagnosed worldwide. This review summarizes recent epidemiological research that sheds light on OSA in the African context for the first time, and describes the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and treatment options. The author is hopeful that this information will assist clinicians in diagnosing and managing OSA patients, and inspire researchers to develop better diagnostic and treatment modalities.

Teaching of cardiac surgery: Learning of complex surgical skills on simulators (simulation) to acquire competency Charles Yankah, Francis Smit, Carlos A Mestres Nigerian Journal of Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery 2019 4(1):14-15 The current restriction on surgical residents' work-hours has resulted in reduced operative exposure, making it more difficult to attain technical proficiency in complex procedures, especially in low-volume centers in Sub-Saharan Africa. The use of adjunctive biological and artificial simulators in training may help overcome these challenges.

Unusual and challenging case of right atrial lipoma John Arnold Nigerian Journal of Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery 2019 4(1):16-17

Unexpected bleed during chemoport removal: How to manage? Ravi C Arjunan, Pavan Kumar Jonnada, Uday Karjol Nigerian Journal of Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery 2019 4(1):18-21 Chemo port is a boon for majority of cancer patients for the comfort it provides for the delivery of chemotherapy. After completion of chemotherapy, it is advisable to remove the chemo port. Removal of chemo port is less morbid procedure and complications occur very rarely. Here by we share our experience of bleeding encounter during chemo port removal and further management. A 36-year-old woman diagnosed with breast cancer underwent breast conservation in 2012. She completed post-operative chemoradiotherapy. 6 years later she presented for follow-up and with no evidence of recurrence, she was advised for chemo port removal. During removal of chemo port, bleeding was encountered from non-visualised source. She was immediately transferred to cardiovascular surgery department. A venogram was performed revealing chemo port in one of the tributaries of subclavian vein and tear in the anterior wall of subclavian vein. Tear was repaired with clips and removal of the chemo port was done ligating the tributary. Chemo port removal is a less morbid procedure and complications are very rare. However, when encountered with complications, one must be learned enough to sought with them. Interdepartmental communication and instant matured decisions will guide in preventing catastrophic events and are lifesaving.

The Cape Town Declaration on Access to Cardiac Surgery in the Developing World: Is it a true reflection of the needs of Sub-Saharan Africa? Robin H Kinsley, Darshan Reddy, Charles Yankah Nigerian Journal of Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery 2019 4(1):22-22

33rd EACTS Annual Meeting, Lisbon, Portugal, 3-5 October 2019 Nigerian Journal of Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery 2019 4(1):23-23

Master Class Rheumatic Mitral Valve Repair Course in West Africa Nigerian Journal of Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery 2019 4(1):24-24

Sleep Medix Nigerian Journal of Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery 2019 4(1):25-25