Electrical stimulation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve is a safe and promising therapeutic approach with the potentiality to overcome the shortcomings of conventional surgical glottal enlargement. Although aberrant or synkinetic reinnervation is commonly considered an unfavorable condition, particularly for recovery of vocal fold movement, its presence is essential to ensure the effective clinical performance of laryngeal pacemakers. Thus, the effective selection of patients who can profit from...
Auditory brainstem implants (ABIs) stimulate the auditory system at the cochlear nucleus, bypassing the peripheral auditory system including the auditory nerve. They are used in patients who are not cochlear implant candidates. Current criteria for use in the United States are neurofibromatosis type 2 patients 12 years or older undergoing first- or second-side vestibular schwannoma removal. However, there are other nontumor conditions in which patients may benefit from an ABI, such as bilateral cochlear...
The current literature on peripheral cranial nerve stimulation for the purpose of achieving therapeutic effects via altering brain activity is reviewed. Vagus nerve stimulation, which is approved for use in refractory epilepsy, is the most extensively studied cranial nerve stimulator that has direct impact on the central nervous system. Despite the recognized central effects of peripheral cranial nerve stimulation, the mechanism of action for all indications remains incompletely understood. Further...
This overview of ethical and social issues pertaining to cranial nerve implants covers informed consent; risk-benefit assessments; security against unauthorized reprogramming or privacy intrusion; explantation; psychological side effects; equity and social distribution, cultural effects, for instance, on the deaf subculture; enhancement; and research ethics.
As otolaryngologists, we specialize in the management of various individual organs within an anatomical region. This provides our specialty with a unique opportunity to address a breadth of disorders that are largely related to the special senses and often involve specific input from individual cranial nerves. As such, management of these disorders can be challenging because of the sensitive information being relayed and the complexities involved in cranial nerve signaling. When medical options fail...
Mark above section as read
Δεν υπάρχουν σχόλια:
Δημοσίευση σχολίου