AbstractBackgroundAdvances in antiretroviral therapy, aging, and comorbidities impact hospitalization rates in HIV-infected populations. We examined temporal trends and patient characteristics associated with hospitalization rates and outcomes.MethodsStudy population included patients in the University of North Carolina Center for AIDS Research HIV Clinical Cohort receiving clinical care 1996–2016. We estimated annual hospitalization rates, time to inpatient mortality or live discharge, and 30-day...
AbstractBackgroundComorbidities like diabetes or COPD increase patients’ susceptibility to infections, but it is unclear how the onset of comorbidity impacts antibiotic use. We aimed to estimate rates of antibiotic use before and after diagnosis of comorbidity in primary care to identify opportunities for antibiotic stewardship.MethodsWe analysed UK primary care records from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) database. Adults registered between 2008-2015 without prior comorbidity diagnoses...
AbstractBackgroundAlthough people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) are at increased risk of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), it is unclear whether this remains the case in the setting of early initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), at high CD4 cell counts. This is important, as pneumococcal vaccination coverage in PLWH is low in Europe and the United States, despite longstanding international recommendations.MethodsWe identified...
AbstractThe reduction in childhood mortality noted in trials investigating azithromycin mass drug administration (MDA) for trachoma control has been confirmed by a recent large randomized controlled trial. Population-level implementation of azithromycin MDA may lead to selection of multiresistant pathogens. Evidence suggests that repeated azithromycin MDA may result in a sustained increase in macrolide and other antibiotic resistance in gut and respiratory bacteria. Current evidence comes from standard...
AbstractThe burden of nosocomial Pneumocystis infections in transplantation units in France was evaluated through a retrospective survey. Over 12 years, 16 outbreaks occurred, including 13 among renal transplant recipients (RTRs). We performed Pneumocystis jirovecii genotyping in 5 outbreaks, which suggested that specific strains may have been selected by RTRs.
AbstractBackgroundHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is highly prevalent among people who inject drugs (PWID). Accurate data on HCV prevalence and incidence rates among patients receiving opioid substitution treatment (OST) are needed to estimate the current and future burden of HCV infections in this high-risk population.MethodsBaseline data from routine care were collected between October 2014 and June 2016 from randomly selected OST facilities in Germany. The primary outcome measure was the HCV...
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