RESEARCH, Pathology of Senegalese breast cancers Megan Burke Fitzpatrick et al. Breast cancer is the most common cancer affecting women in Africa (100per 100,000), and is the second leading cause of cancer deaths (49 per 100,000). Western African countries have an average estimated breast cancer incidence of 20-25 per 100,000 women, second only to cervical cancer. Age-standardized incidence rates are comparatively lower in Senegal (22.4 per 100,000) than other regional rates (i.e Nigeria 50.4 per 100,000), although limited data and cancer registries may alter the estimates of population incidence.  READ MORE Socio-economic determinants and environmental hygiene factors of female caregiver caregiving burden in two selected low-income communities in Cape Town, South Africa Yakubu Almu-min Yakubu et al. Studies on female caregiver burden and its determinant in relation to physical environment and social support in low-income and middle-income countries are limited. This study evaluates the relationship between caregiving physical environment, social support and wellbeing of female caregivers and care recipients in Cape Town, South Africa. READ MORE IMAGES IN CLINICAL MEDICINE Retroperitoneal fetus in fetu Rim Hadhri et al. Fetus in Fetu (FIF) is an extremely rare congenital anomaly defined as a mass containing a vertebral axis often associated with other organs or limbs around this axis. We report the case of a female infant aged 4 months presenting with retroperitoneal mass measuring 7x6x4cm, suggesting teratoma on computerized tomography (CT) scan. READ MORE Best's disease Yasmine Chaoui Roqai et al. Best's disease is an inherited macular dystrophy with autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, characterized by the presence of autofluorescent vitelliform deposition whose development is stereotyped from its manifestation to the fragmentation of the material and then to its resorption. Age at onset is between 7 and 12 years. Except in the presence of complications, patients are more often asymptomatic and the disease is discovered fortuitously. We report the case of 8 year-old only daughter with no particular past medical history.  READ MORE CASE REPORTS A favorable outcome of dengue hemorrhagic fever despite poor prognostic indices: a case report with a mix of classic and unusual clinical and laboratory features Olukemi Adekanmbi et al. Dengue fever is a viral infection with anthroponotic transmission through the bite of an infected mosquito, most often Aedes aegypti. The World Health Organization (WHO) defined dengue as an acute febrile illness, with two or more of the following signs or symptoms: an intense headache, retro-orbital pain, myalgia, arthralgia, skin rash, leucopenia and hemorrhagic manifestations. Despite being an emerging infectious disease in Nigeria, interventions for the prevention and control of dengue are limited READ MORE Management of oroantral communication using buccal advanced flap Akram Belmehdi et al. Oroantral communication (OAC) or fistula (OAF) is an open pathological communication between the oral cavity and maxillary sinus which mostly occurs as a result of extraction of upper molars and premolars, iatrogenic complications or from dental infections, osteomyelitis, radiation therapy or trauma. Several alternative techniques modalities have been described throughout the years for the management of OAC and OAF which show both advantages and limitations. READ MORE CASE SERIES Renal amyloidoses in nephrology  Gaël Clovis Gassongo Koumou et al. The purpose of this study was to investigate the epidemiological , evolutionary and clinical features of the renal amyloidoses and to identify poor prognostic factors. We conducted a retrospective study focusing on all patients hospitalized for renal amyloidosis between January 2013 and December 2014. The diagnosis was confirmed by renal puncture-biopsy or by biopsy of minor salivary glands. READ MORE Evaluation of Alvarado score in diagnosing acute appendicitis Mahmoud Musa Al Awayshih et al. Using a practical scoring system for diagnosing acute appendicitis can help reduce the rate of unnecessary surgery. This prospective study was carried out to evaluate Alvarado scoring system for diagnosing of acute appendicitis in our set up. READ MORE LATEST SUPPLEMENT WHO Response to Disease Outbreaks in Liberia: Lessons learned from the 2014 - 2015 Ebola Virus Disease Outbreak This special issue of the Pan African Medical Journal documents the successful application of lesson learnt from response to the Ebola virus disease outbreak in Liberia and identifies some best practices that could be applied to other disease prevention, control and elimination programmes with similar success. The papers, written by those who were actively engaged in response to epidemics in Liberia, cover critical topics in from preparedness and response to disease outbreaks, strengthening surveillance systems and integration as well as strengthening health workforce post Ebola virus disease outbreak. READ MORE