Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is considered a potential precursor of invasive breast carcinoma (IBC). Studies aiming to find markers involved in DCIS progression generally have compared characteristics of IBC lesions with those of adjacent synchronous DCIS lesions. The question remains whether synchronous DCIS and IBC comparisons are a good surrogate for primary DCIS and subsequent IBC. In this study, we compared both primary DCIS and synchronous DCIS with the associated IBC lesion, on the basis...
Condyloma acuminatum rarely occurs in the urinary bladder and is considered to be a risk factor for squamous cell carcinoma, although there are only a few publications with limited cases. We studied 51 cases of condyloma acuminatum of the urinary bladder from transurethral resections of the urinary bladder of 38 patients from the consult files of one of the authors. Transurethral resections of the urinary bladder were obtained from 25 males with a median age of 73 years (range: 41 to 87 y) and 13...
Although risk factors have been established for the development of serous carcinoma after a diagnosis of serous borderline tumor (SBT), comprising atypical proliferative serous tumor (APST) (ie, conventional SBT) and noninvasive low-grade serous carcinoma (niLGSC) (ie, micropapillary SBT), subsequent invasive carcinoma still occurs in a subset of women who are not at increased risk. Whether subsequent serous carcinoma in women with a prior SBT represents malignant progression/recurrence or an independent...
Atypical polypoid adenomyoma (APA) is a polypoid lesion that is comprised of atypical endometrial glands and fibromuscular stroma, which pathologists often confuse with myoinvasive endometrioid carcinoma. Here, we characterized the immunohistochemical and molecular features of the stromal components of APA to find distinct markers between APA and myoinvasive endometrioid carcinoma. First, we examined the immunohistochemical expression and gene mutations that were previously investigated in uterine...
Current risk factors in stage II colorectal carcinoma are insufficient to guide treatment decisions. Loss of CDX2 has been shown to associate with poor clinical outcome and predict benefit for adjuvant chemotherapy in stage II and III colorectal carcinoma. The prognostic relevance of CDX2 in stage II disease has not been sufficiently validated, especially in relation to clinical risk factors, such as microsatellite instability (MSI) status, BRAF mutation status, and tumor budding. In this study,...
Recent discussions have suggested expanding the inclusion criteria for active prostate cancer surveillance to include cases with a Gleason score (GS) of 3+4=7. In this study, we examined this proposed use of a limited percent Gleason pattern 4 (%GP4) to identify candidates of active surveillance among 315 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer with a GS of 6 or 3+4=7 via needle biopsy. The latter cases were divided into 4 groups using highest or overall %GP4 cut-off values...
Mammary analogue secretory carcinoma (MASC) is a relatively recently described salivary gland adenocarcinoma characterized by ETV6-NTRK3 gene fusion and in most cases indolent clinical behavior. The majority of tumors show an admixture of microcystic, solid, and tubular growth patterns but only a few cases with dominant macrocystic growth have been reported. We report 15 cases of macrocystic MASC. There were 11 men and 4 women (17 to 88 y age range, average 47 y). The patients presented with a painless...
TFEB is overexpressed in TFEB-rearranged renal cell carcinomas as well as in renal tumors with amplifications of TFEB at 6p21.1. As recent literature suggests that renal tumors with 6p21.1 amplification behave more aggressively than those with rearrangements of TFEB, we compared relative TFEB gene expression in these tumors. This study included 37 TFEB-altered tumors: 15 6p21.1-amplified and 22 TFEB-rearranged (including 5 cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas data set). TFEB status was verified using...
Endometrial carcinosarcoma (ECS) is a rare and aggressive mixed-type epithelial and mesenchymal tumor. This study focused on the histologic appearance, loss of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) protein expression, and aberrant p53 expression in the epithelial component, and overall prognosis of 57 cases with ECS. Histologically, 21 and 36 cases exhibited low-grade (endometrioid grade 1 and 2) and high-grade (others) epithelial components, respectively. In a Kaplan-Meier analysis, patients with a high-grade...
Rosai-Dorfman Disease of the Pancreas Shows Significant Histologic Overlap With IgG4-related Disease
Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is a rare entity characterized by proliferating S100-positive histiocytes. Originally described in lymph nodes, it can involve extranodal sites. Pancreatic involvement is rare, with
Budesonide oral suspension (BOS) is a novel topical corticosteroid, which has been shown to improve symptoms and endoscopic appearance, and reduce peak eosinophil counts in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). This trial evaluated the effect of BOS or placebo on the severity (grade) and extent (stage) of 8 histopathologic features observed in EoE, using the validated eosinophilic esophagitis histologic scoring system (EoE HSS). Patients with EoE aged 11 to 40 years with dysphagia were randomized...
Melorheostosis is a rare sclerosing bone disease characterized by excessive cortical bone deposition that is frequently on the differential diagnosis for bone biopsies. Although the radiologic pattern of “dripping candle wax” is well known, the pathologic findings have been poorly defined. Here, we comprehensively describe the histology of melorheostosis in 15 patients who underwent bone biopsies. Common histologic findings included: dense cortical bone (73.3%), woven bone (60%), and hypervascular...
Many physicians share the perception that the work required to evaluate breast pathology specimens is undervalued by Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes. To examine this issue, we compared slide volumes from an equal number of breast and nonbreast specimens assigned 88305, 88307, or 88309 CPT codes during four 2.5-week periods over 1 year. For each specimen, a number of initial hematoxylin and eosin–stained sections (H&Es), preordered additional H&E sections (levels), H&E sections...
“Sarcomas” in patients with testicular germ cell tumors (GCTs) are a common form of “somatic-type malignancy.” There is support, based on morphology and immunohistochemistry, that many such sarcomatous tumors represent an unusual form of yolk sac tumor (YST). A virtually universal chromosomal anomaly in GCTs is increase in 12p copy number, often in the form of isochromosome 12p [i(12p)], but this aspect of sarcomatoid YSTs has not hitherto been studied. We performed interphase fluorescent in situ...
The term meningioma-like tumor of the skin (MLTS) was coined in 1993 to designate a particular whorled spindle cell superficial cutaneous tumor. No additional confirmed cases of this entity have been reported to date. Some authors have speculated that these cases might be cellular neurothekeomas. In order to delineate the histologic spectrum and the immunophenotype of this unusual tumor, we studied 5 cases, 2 previously unreported and the 3 original cases. The immunohistochemical findings of case...
Wilms tumor (WT) may show a diverse range of heterologous elements (HEs). Cases with predominant/prominent HEs have been reported as “teratoid” WT, albeit on the basis of poorly defined criteria. It has been suggested that “teratoid” WTs are rare, and associated with a poor response to chemotherapy, but a good outcome. However, these claims have not been tested previously in any large cohort of cases. Here, we performed a systematic study to determine the incidence, diversity, and clinicopathologic...
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