Background Nasal irrigation is now widely recognized as a treatment for chronic rhinosinusitis and during the postoperative period. However, there are no guidelines for performing irrigation. This study used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation objective physical parameters to optimize and increase the efficiency of nasal irrigation and to compare large‐volume, manual, and gravity pressure irrigation vs small‐volume continuous spraying. Methods A 3‐dimensional (3D) sinonasal model...
Mon Oct 07, 2019 19:53
Background Lymphatic dysfunction is hypothesized to be an underlying factor in the pathophysiology of yellow nail syndrome (YNS) (yellow nails, lymphedema, pleural effusions, and frequently chronic rhinosinusitis [CRS]). It is unclear why some YNS patients develop CRS. We quantified lymphatic and total vasculature of sinonasal mucosa in YNS patients and compared it to controls from CRS patients with (CRSwNP) or without polyps (CRSsNP). Methods Immunohistochemistry was performed on archival...
Mon Oct 07, 2019 19:52
Background Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is associated with bronchiectasis; however, this relationship has not been well studied in the United States (US) population. In this work we aimed to determine the prevalence of CRS among patients with bronchiectasis affiliated with a US tertiary medical center and identify which comorbid diseases are associated with the presence of CRS in patients with bronchiectasis. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study in which data were obtained from a...
Mon Oct 07, 2019 19:48
Background Unplanned readmissions within 30 days of discharge is a quality measure introduced by the Centers for Medicare Services. This measure has been used to rate hospital quality and also to penalize hospitals for excess readmissions. It has been hypothesized that shorter hospital stays and fewer readmissions are associated with endoscopic skull base procedures. In this study we analyze endoscopic skull base procedures performed at our institution over a 10‐year period to identify rates and...
Mon Oct 07, 2019 19:47
Capsule summary: In humans, the absence of STAT5b mimics the abrogated NK cell terminal maturation observed in Stat5b-/- mice. NK cells from STAT5b patients had a decreased cytolytic function and impaired convergence of lytic granules to the microtubule-organizing center.
Mon Oct 07, 2019 03:00
Capsule summary: A new microdeletion syndrome at chromosome 2p11.2 describes a likely new cause of thymic hypoplasia due to haploinsufficiency of FOXI3.
Mon Oct 07, 2019 03:00
Mon Oct 07, 2019 03:00
Key PointsTSAd knockout mice mount accelerated rejection responses following transplantation. TSAd is a potent regulator of cellular activation in CD4+ Tregs. TSAd knockout CD4+ Tregs fail to shuttle Lck from the cytoplasm to mitochondria.
Mon Oct 07, 2019 23:00
Key PointsIL-25 contributes to specific disease phenotypes in chronic HDM-induced asthma. Lung remodeling is partly dependent on IL-25 signaling in cDCs and in Th cells. IL-25 induces clustering of Th9 T cells next to IL-25–activated cDCs in airways.
Mon Oct 07, 2019 23:00
Key PointsLymph carries the "omic," vesicular, and immune cell signature of the draining organs. Lymph analysis provides precise and "undiluted" biochemical and cellular information. A protocol for lymph collection from mouse and rat lymphatics is reported.
Mon Oct 07, 2019 23:00
Key PointsMjGCTL provides functional evidence of immune defense in shrimp gills. Gill defense by MjGCTL reveals primitive mucosal immunity in shrimp.
Mon Oct 07, 2019 23:00
Key PointsKIR polymorphism crucially influences NK cell responses to HCMV. The size of NKG2C expansions correlates with loss of KIR repertoire diversity. These NKG2C expansions correlated with the HCMV-specific Ab concentration.
Mon Oct 07, 2019 23:00
Key PointsThis study identified two distinct alveolar macrophage populations in old mice. A CD11c+ CD11b– alveolar macrophage population is immune regulatory. CD11c+ CD11b+ macrophages are more inflammatory and permissive for M. tuberculosis.
Mon Oct 07, 2019 23:00
Key PointsThe AM14 V8 BCR recognizes a B6-derived cross-reactive Ag. This B6 self-antigen induces anergy, receptor editing, and MZ B cell development. Anergic AM14 V8 B cells can be fully activated by nucleic acid containing ICs.
Mon Oct 07, 2019 23:00
Key PointsIFN- dominates the CD4+-dependent M. tuberculosis–induced BAL cell gene signature in LTBI. Nevertheless, CD4+ BAL cells in LTBI display polyfunctional responses to M. tuberculosis. This signature may provide a means to assess vaccine-induced local immunity to M. tuberculosis.
Mon Oct 07, 2019 23:00
Key PointsWe report (to our knowledge) novel CMV-specific KLRG1+CD27+ CD57+/– CD8+ TAEFF in primary infection. KLRG1+ TAEFF correlates with CMV function and control in lung transplant patients.
Mon Oct 07, 2019 23:00
Key PointsUSP27X promotes deubiquitination and stabilization of cGAS. USP27X deficiency impairs cGAS-mediated innate signaling. USP27X positively regulates innate antiviral immunity to DNA viruses.
Mon Oct 07, 2019 23:00
Key PointsAberrant ROR1 expression correlates with a lack of cell response to BTK inhibition. ROR1 associates and forms an active signaling complex with the CD19 receptor. ROR1/CD19 signaling substitutes for BCR/BTK signaling in promoting cell growth.
Mon Oct 07, 2019 23:00
Key PointsJEV infection elicits miR-301a upregulation in microglial cells. miR-301a upregulation reduces NKRF abundance, thus amplifying NF-B signaling. Inhibiting miR-301a reduces microglia-mediated bystander killing of neurons.
Mon Oct 07, 2019 23:00
Key PointsPGRN decreases postinfluenza susceptibility to S. pneumoniae coinfection in mice. PGRN increases survival of mice in lethal influenza/S. pneumoniae coinfection. PGRN suppresses lung inflammation and ERS-mediated apoptosis in coinfection.
Mon Oct 07, 2019 23:00
Key PointsLL-37 antimicrobial peptides promote macrophage uptake of NETs. NETs modulate LPS-induced cytokine responses in macrophages and DCs. NETs are digested intra- and extracellularly by TREX1 and DNase1L3.
Mon Oct 07, 2019 23:00
Key PointsReduced GPx4 and increased lipid peroxidation are exhibited in IPF lung fibroblasts. Lipid peroxidation is involved in lung fibrosis development through TGF-β signaling. GPx4-regulated lipid peroxidation can be a therapeutic target for IPF.
Mon Oct 07, 2019 23:00
Key PointsIL-10 inhibition increases T cell IFN- and monocyte TNF-α in septic patients. rhIL-10 increases T cell production of IFN- in septic patient PBMCs. rhIL-10 decreases monocyte TNF-α production and HLA-DR expression in sepsis.
Mon Oct 07, 2019 23:00
Key PointsThymocyte GR deficiency enhances Ag-specific negative selection. GCs antagonize negative selection by repressing Helios and Nur77 expression.
Mon Oct 07, 2019 23:00
Key PointsJAK inhibitors momelotinib and ruxolitinib show differential effects on CLL cells. JAK inhibitors may be a promising addition for CLL therapy.
Mon Oct 07, 2019 23:00
Key PointsH. pylori induces IL-18 through the NLRC4 inflammasome in gastric epithelial cells. IL-18 blocks β-defensin 1 expression via NF-B activation. NLRC4 contributes to H. pylori immunoescape.
Mon Oct 07, 2019 23:00
Key PointsCD24hiCD27+ Bregs and TBs represent major Bregs in humans. CD24hiCD27+ Bregs express IL-10 and increased levels of granzyme B and TGFβ1. CD24hiCD27+ Bregs are more efficient than TBs at suppressing T cell responses.
Mon Oct 07, 2019 23:00
Key PointsChronic HIV-1 is associated with increased levels of FcRIIIA+ CD8 T cells. FcRIIIA+ CD8 T cells display an innate transcriptomic profile akin to NK cells. ADCC is mediated by FcRIIIA+ CD8 T cells at levels comparable with NK cells.
Mon Oct 07, 2019 23:00
Key PointsA fix/permeabilization approach allows isolation of Ag- and isotype-specific ASC. IgM, IgG, and IgA ASC have shared and distinct transcriptome components. Each ASC isotype displays distinct, expanded CDR3 regions.
Mon Oct 07, 2019 23:00
Key PointsGsr–/– mice exhibited markedly increased susceptibility to C. albicans challenge. Gsr–/– neutrophils display defects in fungicidal activity. Gsr–/– macrophages exhibit an enhanced inflammatory response.
Mon Oct 07, 2019 23:00
Key PointsRMs inhibit alternative M activation. Inhibition of alternate activation by RMs was not entirely dependent on IL-10. RM attenuated alternative activated M-mediated pathological conditions in peritoneal fibrosis.
Mon Oct 07, 2019 23:00
Key PointsIL-37 is expressed in alveolar epithelial cells and macrophages. IL-37 levels are decreased in lung and blood obtained from IPF patients. IL-37 attenuates lung fibrosis by inducing autophagy and inhibiting TGF-β1 signaling.
Mon Oct 07, 2019 23:00
Mon Oct 07, 2019 23:00
Key PointsMK2/3 are the only LPS-induced kinases for S52 and S178 of TTP. TNF regulation by MK2/3 is not restricted to TTP phosphorylation at S52 and S178. The MK2/3/TTP signaling axis contributes to sepsis in vivo.
Mon Oct 07, 2019 23:00
Development of a comprehensive regulatory T (Treg) cell compartment in the thymus is required to maintain immune homeostasis and prevent autoimmunity. In this study, we review cellular and molecular determinants of Treg cell development in the thymus. We focus on the evidence for a self-antigen–focused Treg cell repertoire as well as the APCs responsible for presenting self-antigens to developing thymocytes. We also cover the contribution of different cytokines to thymic Treg development and the...
Mon Oct 07, 2019 23:00
Mon Oct 07, 2019 23:00
Key PointsThis study reveals the first (to our knowledge) known biological function of Foxo3 isoform2 in bone. Foxo3 isoform2 is an activator for IFN-I response and an osteoclastic inhibitor. Foxo3 isoform2 mice exclusively expressing isoform2 show osteopetrosis phenotype.
Mon Oct 07, 2019 23:00
Key PointsPLZF expression in CD8αα Tunc distinguishes them from conventional CD8 T cells. CD8αα Tunc express NK cell markers and are dependent upon IL-2Rβ signaling. CD8αα Tunc use perforin in a negative feedback mechanism to control autoimmunity.
Mon Oct 07, 2019 23:00
Δεν υπάρχουν σχόλια:
Δημοσίευση σχολίου