ABSTRACT Objective Previous studies have observed that epilepsy risk is higher among offspring of affected women than offspring of affected men. We tested whether this “maternal effect” was present in familial epilepsies, which are enriched for genetic factors that contribute to epilepsy risk. Methods We assessed evidence of a maternal effect in a cohort of families containing ≥3 persons with epilepsy using three methods: (1) “downward‐looking” analysis, comparing the rate of epilepsy in...
Mon Oct 21, 2019 21:22
In the general population, moderate exercise, physical activity, and participation in sports have important health benefits, including slowing cognitive decline and preventing dementia. Participation in elite-level sports, not surprisingly, is also associated with reductions in all-cause mortality…
Mon Oct 21, 2019 03:00
Concerns have been raised about the risk of several neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), associated with participation in contact sports. Recognition of the pathologic changes of CTE in former players who…
Mon Oct 21, 2019 03:00
This case report presents a case in which a collision tumor consisting of three separate pathological entities—a verrucous carcinoma (VC), syringocystadenoma papilliferum (SCAP), and a basal cell carcinoma (BCC). The presentation of this collision tumor is unexpected. It presented as an exophytic mass on the scalp. While collisions of SCAP and VC are present in the literature, this case included an additional pathologic entity. The association of these entities and the unreported location of the...
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Mucosal Immunology, Published online: 21 October 2019; doi:10.1038/s41385-019-0217-6Limited recognition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected macrophages by polyclonal CD4 and CD8 T cells from the lungs of infected mice
Mon Oct 21, 2019 03:00
Mucosal Immunology, Published online: 21 October 2019; doi:10.1038/s41385-019-0214-9TGFβ1 single-nucleotide polymorphism C-509T alters mucosal cell function in pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis
Mon Oct 21, 2019 03:00
Mon Oct 21, 2019 03:00
Mon Oct 21, 2019 03:00
Analytical ChemistryDOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03513
Mon Oct 21, 2019 07:00
Analytical ChemistryDOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02932
Mon Oct 21, 2019 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b05895
Mon Oct 21, 2019 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09336
Mon Oct 21, 2019 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09382
Mon Oct 21, 2019 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09502
Mon Oct 21, 2019 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09038
Mon Oct 21, 2019 07:00
Exp Clin Endocrinol DiabetesDOI: 10.1055/a-1010-5466 Background Improper storage of insulin could decrease its potency. Manufacturers recommend that in-use insulin pens should be kept at between 25–30°C, but room temperature in tropical countries often exceeds this range. This study investigates the effect of temperature on the stability of basal insulin in cartridges 28 days after opening. Methods Four different basal insulins were evaluated. Five opened pens of each insulin type were included...
Mon Oct 21, 2019 02:00
Exp Clin Endocrinol DiabetesDOI: 10.1055/a-1012-8420 Objective MicroRNAs serve important roles in the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERs). This study aimed to investigate the role of microRNA-320 (miR-320) in the development of ERs and the inflammatory response in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Materials and Methods The adipose tissue expression levels of miR-320 and ERs markers (GRP78, GRP94, Derlin-1 and CHOP) and the serum concentration of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, NF-κB and IL-6) in...
Mon Oct 21, 2019 02:00
Exp Clin Endocrinol DiabetesDOI: 10.1055/a-0998-7884 Objective Primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (PBMAH) is characterized by benign bilateral enlarged adrenal masses, causing Cushing’s syndrome (CS). The aim of the current article is to define the role of unilateral adrenalectomy (UA) in treating patients with CS related to PBMAH. Methods A PubMed database search was conducted to identify articles reporting UA to treat PBMAH. We also report cases of PBMAH from our medical center...
Mon Oct 21, 2019 02:00
A new study cross-examines classic hypotheses about the coevolution of butterflies with flowering plants and moths with bats, their key predators. The findings show flowering plants did drive much of these insects' diversity, but in a surprise twist, multiple moth lineages evolved 'ears' millions of years before the existence of bats, previously credited with triggering moths' development of hearing organs.
Mon Oct 21, 2019 22:15
An international team of scientists has discovered that some of the most renowned classic Belgian beers, including Gueuze and Trappist ales, are fermented with a rare and unusual form of hybrid yeasts. These yeasts combine DNA of the traditional ale yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with that of more stress-resistant feral yeasts such as Saccharomyces kudriavzevii.
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The International Consensus Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding (NVUGIB) have been updated. The editorialist discusses why he believes the recommendations are a step forward and the unanswered questions pertaining to NVUGIB that should be the focus of future research.
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Description:This update of the 2010 International Consensus Recommendations on the Management of Patients With Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding (UGIB) refines previous important statements and presents new clinically relevant recommendations.Methods:An international multidisciplinary group of experts developed the recommendations. Data sources included evidence summarized in previous recommendations, as well as systematic reviews and trials identified from a series of literature searches...
02:33
Personalization of care through precision medicine and, more specifically, genetic testing is altering the treatment of breast cancer. Genetic testing is used in germline and tumor testing, with each providing distinct data to guide management. Germline testing supports more accurate risk evaluation to inform screening and risk-reducing medical and surgical strategies. Tumor testing can inform cancer recurrence risk assessment and cancer treatment options. This article reviews how genetic testing...
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Cheung and colleagues addressed the question of how best to identify candidates for lung cancer screening. The editorial discusses the findings and the tradeoff in screening decisions between accuracy and complexity.
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Background:Although risk-based selection of ever-smokers for screening could prevent more lung cancer deaths than screening according to the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) guidelines, it preferentially selects older ever-smokers with shorter life expectancies due to comorbidities.Objective:To compare selection of ever-smokers for screening based on gains in life expectancy versus lung cancer risk.Design:Cohort analyses and model-based projections.Setting:U.S. population of ever-smokers...
02:33
Abstract A key goal of geroscience research is to identify effective interventions to extend human healthspan, the years of healthy life. Currently, majority of the geroprotectors are found by screening compounds in model organisms; whether they will be effective in humans is largely unknown. Here we present a new strategy called ANDRU (aging network based drug discovery) to help the discovery of human geroprotectors. It first identifies human aging subnetworks that putatively...
Mon Oct 21, 2019 03:00
Obesity modifies vocal characteristics, causing abnormal fat deposition in the abdominal region and upper airways. For some authors the voice of the obese is not different from nonobese and the vocal symptoms are scarce; for others dysphonia in obese is reported by 70% of them and the voice becomes hoarse, breathy, and unstable.
Mon Oct 21, 2019 03:00
Voice therapy is a well-studied, evidence-based treatment in the management of voice disorders, yet it is known that adherence rates are generally decreased due to a variety of identified factors. In light of this fact, a high rate of nonadherence to voice therapy has been anecdotally observed in the Hispanic community comprising a sizable portion of the patient population in South Florida.
Mon Oct 21, 2019 03:00
Pteropods are a group of planktonic gastropods that are widely regarded as biological indicators for assessing the impacts of ocean acidification (OA). Their thin aragonitic shells are highly sensitive to acute changes in ocean chemistry. However, to gain insight into their potential to adapt to current climate change, we need to accurately reconstruct their evolutionary history and assess their responses to past changes in Earth's carbon cycle. Here, we resolve the phylogeny and timing of pteropod...
Mon Oct 21, 2019 03:00
Adaptation by copy number variation increases insecticide resistance in fall armyworms [NEW RESULTS]
Insecticide resistance is a major main challenge in pest control, and understanding its genetic basis is a key topic in agricultural ecology. Detoxification genes are well-known genetic elements that play a key role in adaptation to xenobiotics. The adaptive evolution of detoxification genes by copy number variations has been interpreted as a cause of insecticide resistance. However, the same pattern can be generated by the adaptation to host-plant defense toxins as well. In this study, we tested...
Mon Oct 21, 2019 03:00
Metaxin 3 genes are shown to be widely conserved in vertebrates, including mammals, birds, fish, amphibians, and reptiles. Metaxin 3 genes, however, are not found in invertebrates, plants, and bacteria. The predicted metaxin 3 proteins were identified by their homology to the metaxin 3 proteins encoded by zebrafish and Xenopus cDNAs. Further evidence that they are metaxin proteins was provided by the presence of GST-N-Metaxin, GST-C-Metaxin, and Tom37 protein domains, and the absence of other major...
Mon Oct 21, 2019 03:00
The internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of the rDNA cistron are the most commonly used DNA barcoding region in Fungi. rDNA genes are repeated dozens to hundreds of times in the eukaryotic genome and it is believed that these arrays are homogenized through concerted evolution preventing the accumulation of intragenomic, and intraspecific, variation. However, numerous studies have reported rampant intragenomic and intraspecific ITS variation, contradicting our current understanding of concerted evolution....
Mon Oct 21, 2019 03:00
Previous research has shown that modern Eurasians interbred with their Neanderthal and Denisovan predecessors. We show here that hundreds of thousands of years earlier, the ancestors of Neanderthals and Denisovans interbred with their own Eurasian predecessors--members of a "superarchaic" population that separated from other humans about 2 mya. The superarchaic population was large, with an effective size between 20 and 50 thousand individuals. We confirm previous findings that: (1) Denisovans also...
Mon Oct 21, 2019 03:00
Intra-specific variation in the ability of individuals to tolerate environmental perturbations is often neglected when considering the impacts of climate change. Yet this information is potentially crucial for mitigating any deleterious effects of climate change on threatened species. Here we assessed patterns of intra-specific variation in desiccation tolerance in the frog Pseudophryne guentheri, a terrestrial-breeding species experiencing a drying climate. Adult frogs were collected from six populations...
Mon Oct 21, 2019 03:00
Influenza viruses rapidly diversify within individual human infections. Several recent studies have deep-sequenced clinical influenza infections to identify viral variation within hosts, but it remains unclear how within-host mutations fare in the global viral population. Here, we compare viral variation within and between hosts to link influenza's evolutionary dynamics across scales. Synonymous sites evolve at similar rates at both scales, indicating that global evolution at these putatively neutral...
Mon Oct 21, 2019 03:00
The rainforests of Tropical Africa have fluctuated over time. Although today the forest cover is continuous in Central Africa this may have not always been the case, as the scarce fossil record in this region suggests that more arid conditions might have significantly reduced the density of trees during the Ice Ages. Our aim was to investigate whether the dry ice-age periods left a genetic signature on tree species that can be used to date the past fragmentation of the rainforest. We sequenced reduced...
Mon Oct 21, 2019 03:00
Accurate species delimitation impacts all biological inferences, but taxonomic studies often face conflicts within/among datasets or among species delimitation methods. Here we use a multi-tier analytical strategy to handle conflicts in species delimitation on a group of primitively segmented spiders, genus Heptathela endemic to Japanese islands. Tier 1 analysis uses a suite of quick species delimitation methods to test the initial species hypothesis (ISH) and to identify fully congruent lineages....
Mon Oct 21, 2019 03:00
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