Εκατομμύρια άνθρωποι ανά τον κόσμο έχουν υψηλά επίπεδα γλυκόζης στο αίμα τους. Μια νέα μελέτη που έγινε σε ποντίκια αποκαλύπτει τον τρόπο με τον οποίο το εντερικό μικροβίωμα ανεβάζει τη σεροτονίνη η οποία με τη σειρά της επιδρά αρνητικά στα επίπεδα σακχάρου στο αίμα. Να διευκρινιστεί από την αρχή ότι η μελέτη δεν έδειξε συσχέτιση του μικροβιώματος με τη σεροτονίνη του εγκεφάλου. Έδειξε ότι η σεροτονίνη που προέρχεται από το έντερο επηρεάζεται από το μικροβίωμα και αυτός είναι ο σύνδεσμος μέσω του...
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Ένα νέο τρόπο μείωσης του κινδύνου εκδήλωσης εμφράγματος και εγκεφαλικού επεισοδίου βρήκαν Αμερικανοί ερευνητές. H σχετική μελέτη παρουσιάστηκε σε συνέδριο της Αμερικανικής Εταιρείας Φυσιολογίας. Σύμφωνα με τη μελέτη, η αναστολή του υποδοχέα μεταλλοκορτικοειδών (πρωτεΐνη που βοηθά στην διατήρηση σε φυσιολογικά επίπεδα του νατρίου και του νερού στο σώμα μας) στα ανοσοκύτταρα μπορεί να συμβάλλει στην βελτίωση της υγείας των αιμοφόρων αγγείων άρα και στη μείωση του κινδύνου να εκδηλώσει κάποιος έμφραγμα...
10:01
Nature Communications, Published online: 07 October 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-12396-yMarine chemistry during the Early Earth (over 2.7 billion years ago) is commonly inferred to have been inorganically sulfate-reducing. Here, the authors argue that organic sulfur cycling may have played a previously unrecognized, yet important, role in the formation of ancient Archean marine sulfides.
Mon Oct 07, 2019 03:00
Nature Communications, Published online: 07 October 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-12444-7High-throughput assays for TCR specificity are a bottleneck in understanding T cell immunity and harnessing it for medicine. Here the authors develop a functional screening method to identify T cell specificity in the natural context of peptide-MHC presentation, enabling detection of physiologically relevant T cell antigens from large libraries of peptide-coding sequences.
Mon Oct 07, 2019 03:00
Nature Communications, Published online: 07 October 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-12436-7New protein synthesis is known to be indispensable for the consolidation of long-term memory. Here, the authors report that an olfactory memory can be successfully recalled after 14 days without protein synthesis when the training context is also provided in addition to the conditioned odor.
Mon Oct 07, 2019 03:00
Nature Communications, Published online: 07 October 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-12407-yHere, using the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum as a model organism, the authors combine functional genomics, phylogenetics, and metabolic modeling to describe how diatoms might have functionally integrated nitrogen metabolism during evolution and how metabolic flux is regulated across cellular compartments
Mon Oct 07, 2019 03:00
Nature Immunology, Published online: 07 October 2019; doi:10.1038/s41590-019-0493-zGaudenzio and colleagues show that house dust mite extracts directly activate TRPV1+ sensory neurons, which promote allergic skin inflammation by inducing the degranulation of mast cells through the release of the neuropeptide substance P and activation of MRGPRB2.
Mon Oct 07, 2019 03:00
Nature Immunology, Published online: 07 October 2019; doi:10.1038/s41590-019-0501-3Chronic exposure to fungal antigen drives the development of two subsets of CD4+ TRM cells, distinguished by high or low expression of the integrin CD103, with opposing roles in inflammation-induced lung fibrosis.
Mon Oct 07, 2019 03:00
Nature Immunology, Published online: 07 October 2019; doi:10.1038/s41590-019-0490-2Immature B cells expressing self-reactive BCRs induce anergy programs to promote tolerance. Busslinger and colleagues show that the transcription factor Ikaros enforces anergy by inducing transcription of negative-feedback regulators of the BCR and TLR–MyD88 pathways.
Mon Oct 07, 2019 03:00
Quantitative interactomics in primary T cells unveils TCR signal diversification extent and dynamics
Nature Immunology, Published online: 07 October 2019; doi:10.1038/s41590-019-0489-8Malissen and colleagues provide a quantitative systems-level analysis of 15 distinct signalosomes that form within minutes of TCR stimulation of primary CD4+ T cells.
Mon Oct 07, 2019 03:00
Nature Immunology, Published online: 07 October 2019; doi:10.1038/s41590-019-0496-9Marichal and colleagues show that lung neutrophils in mice exposed to three distinct pro-allergic conditions release neutrophil extracellular traps that potentiate allergen uptake by dendritic cells and type 2 allergic inflammation.
Mon Oct 07, 2019 03:00
Nature Immunology, Published online: 07 October 2019; doi:10.1038/s41590-019-0520-0Quantitative mass spectrometry applied to T cell activation reveals key insights into signal-transduction pathways. These data identify selective alterations in the concentration of proteins in activated T cells and detail previously undescribed protein–protein interactions.
Mon Oct 07, 2019 03:00
Nature Immunology, Published online: 07 October 2019; doi:10.1038/s41590-019-0495-xCantrell and colleagues perform a comparative quantitative mass spectrometric analysis of the proteomes of naïve and activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Proteomes are dynamically regulated and mTORC1 inhibition leads to differential consequences depending on cell state.
Mon Oct 07, 2019 03:00
Nature Immunology, Published online: 07 October 2019; doi:10.1038/s41590-019-0494-yTissue-resident memory T cells (TRM cells) are important for the localized protection of specific body compartments. Nakayama and colleagues identify heterogeneity in lung TRM cells, with one subset driving fibrosis and inflammation and another reining in pathology in response to fungal challenge.
Mon Oct 07, 2019 03:00
Nature Medicine, Published online: 07 October 2019; doi:10.1038/s41591-019-0619-8Nature Medicine is taking a comprehensive approach for reporting clinical studies with the aim to increase transparency, promote rigorous reporting standards and engage with the community to meet the challenges of contemporary medicine.
Mon Oct 07, 2019 03:00
Nature Medicine, Published online: 07 October 2019; doi:10.1038/s41591-019-0579-zGenetic variants in the germ line modulate DNA methylation in tumors and contribute to the aggressiveness of prostate cancer.
Mon Oct 07, 2019 03:00
Nature Medicine, Published online: 07 October 2019; doi:10.1038/s41591-019-0615-zImmunotherapy for heart injury
Mon Oct 07, 2019 03:00
Nature Medicine, Published online: 07 October 2019; doi:10.1038/s41591-019-0595-zTRACERx Lung: Intratumoral transcriptional heterogeneity, which often hinders the development of clinically useful RNA-expression-biased biomarkers for cancer, can now be overcome with an approach for the identification of clonal expression biomarkers.
Mon Oct 07, 2019 03:00
Nature Medicine, Published online: 07 October 2019; doi:10.1038/s41591-019-0606-0A novel oral capsule can deploy microneedle patches that release drugs into the intestinal wall for uptake into the bloodstream as shown in animal studies, thereby avoiding injections.
Mon Oct 07, 2019 03:00
Nature Medicine, Published online: 07 October 2019; doi:10.1038/s41591-019-0599-8A first-in-human, phase 1 dose-escalation trial demonstrates the safety and feasibility of autologous macrophage therapy in adults with liver cirrhosis.
Mon Oct 07, 2019 03:00
Nature Medicine, Published online: 07 October 2019; doi:10.1038/s41591-019-0593-1Pulmonary venous tumor cells disseminating before tumor resection are heterogeneous, predict relapse and seed future metastasis of lung cancer
Mon Oct 07, 2019 03:00
Nature Medicine, Published online: 07 October 2019; doi:10.1038/s41591-019-0601-5Expansion of human hematopoietic stem cells present in cord blood or bone marrow can be achieved by cell culture in a hydrogel, potentially facilitating clinical applications of hematopoietic cell transplantation.
Mon Oct 07, 2019 03:00
Nature Neuroscience, Published online: 07 October 2019; doi:10.1038/s41593-019-0490-4This manuscript describes the systematic investigation of epigenomic signatures discriminating between regenerative success and failure in dorsal root ganglia sensory neurons following axonal injury. This epigenomic map offers a tool to design novel approaches for neuronal repair.
Mon Oct 07, 2019 03:00
Nature Neuroscience, Published online: 07 October 2019; doi:10.1038/s41593-019-0501-5Dube et al. generated an atlas of human brain circular RNA (circRNA) expression in individuals with and without Alzheimer disease (AD). They demonstrated circRNA expression correlates with AD severity, even before substantial clinical symptom onset.
Mon Oct 07, 2019 03:00
Nature Neuroscience, Published online: 07 October 2019; doi:10.1038/s41593-019-0500-6Control of movements can be understood in terms of the interplay between a controller, a simulator and an estimator. Egger et. al. show that cortical neurons establish the same building blocks to control cognitive states in the absence of movement.
Mon Oct 07, 2019 03:00
Nature Neuroscience, Published online: 07 October 2019; doi:10.1038/s41593-019-0498-9The authors report that the ALS-associated gene FUS stimulates transcription of acetylcholine receptor subunit genes in subsynaptic myonuclei. ALS mutations distort this mechanism, inducing muscle-intrinsic toxicity that may contribute to dying-back motor neuronopathy.
Mon Oct 07, 2019 03:00
Nature Neuroscience, Published online: 07 October 2019; doi:10.1038/s41593-019-0495-zFrank et al. find that a subregion in the zebrafish homolog of olfactory cortex maps odor space onto a representation of valence. Learning shapes this odor-to-valence map through plasticity processes that modify inhibition.
Mon Oct 07, 2019 03:00
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